potensi ekonomi tangsel(tugas pi)
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7/23/2019 Potensi Ekonomi TangSel(Tugas PI)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/potensi-ekonomi-tangseltugas-pi 1/47
KLK G
]OFCLN_I_LF
L& Ilsl{ Koildlfj
]o`klfjuflf }lcl nldgdlsfwl lcliln uqlnl ufsud `ofag}sldlf
doqohlnso{llf {ldwls& Cg Fojl{l ‑ Fojl{l ko{do`klfj }o`klfjuflf iokgn
cgbeduqdlf }lcl }o`klfjuflf odefe g̀) nli gfg cgqoklkdlf so{hlcgfwl
doso{koildlfjlf odefe`g& ]o`klfjuflf cg kgclfj odefe`g cl}ls `ofcudufj
}ofal}lglf suhulf lslu `ofce{efj }o{uklnlf ‑ }o{uklnlf lslu }o`kl{ulf
kgclfj dongcu}lf ilgffwl .Xunlg{lf) ;=<=82='&
Qliln qlsu gfcgalse{ doko{nlqgilf }oildqlfllf }o`klfjuflf wlfj cl}ls
cghlcgdlf seild udu{ qoal{l `ld{e lcliln }o{su`kunlf odefe`g& ]o{su`kunlf
odefe g̀ lcliln qokljglf cl{g }o{do`klfjlf doqohlnso{llf `lqwl{ldls wlfj
cgudu{ cofjlf koql{fwl }o{su k̀unlf }{ecud ce`oqsga {ojgefli k{use }o{ dl}gsl
.]C[K }o{ dl}gsl' .Xl{gq) <7>:8>;'& Sgfjjgfwl sgfjdls }o{su`kunlf odefe`g
wlfj cgsufhuddlf cofjlf sgfjjgfwl fgilg ]C[K `ofufhuddlf klnzl clo{ln
so{qokus `ofjlil`g do`lhulf clil` }o{odefe g̀lf& Ldlf sosl}g) `oqdg}uf
co`gdglf soiln cgjufldlf qokljlg gfcgalse{ }o`klfjuflf) }o{su`kunlf odefe`g
`lqgn ko{qgbls u`u` clf koiu` `ofao{`gfdlf do`l`}ulf `lqwl{ldls qoal{l
gfcgrgculi& ]o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln cl}ls cgao{`gfdlf cl{g ]C[K)
klgd lslq clql{ nl{jl wlfj ko{ildu lslu}uf lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf&
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7/23/2019 Potensi Ekonomi TangSel(Tugas PI)
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Slkoi <&; ]{ecud Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli K{use Lslq Clql{ Nl{jl Defqslf ;=== @ofu{us
Il}lfjlf _qlnl ]{ergfqg Klfsof ;==: ‑ ;=<=
Qu`ko{8 K]Q) ]{ergfqg Klfsof Slnuf ;==: ‑ ;==<= .cgeiln'
Dos& Clil` qlsulf husl
('8 Lfjdl Qo`ofsl{l
Cl{g slkoi so{qokus cl}ls cgignls klnzl }lcl slnuf ;==: sesli ]C[K lslq
clql{ nl{jl defqslf wlfj cg`gigdg eion Klfsof lcliln wlfj so{ofcln cgklfcgfj
}o{geco ilgffwl clf slnuf ;=<= `o{u}ldlf }o{geco cofjlf sesli ]C[K so{sgfjjg
cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf }o{geco qokoiu`fwl& ]lcl slnuf ;==: sesli ]C[K wlfj
cg g̀igdg eion Klfsof lcliln qokoql{ [}& 2?&=32&::?):> husl cg `lfl gfcuqs{w
}ofjeilnlf `o{u}ldlf qoase{ so{koql{ }ofwu`klfj ]C[K clf qoase{
}o{sl`klfjlf clf }ofjjliglf `o{u}ldlf qoase{ cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{doagi }lcl
}o{geco so{qokus& Clf }lcl slnuf ;=<= sesli ]C[K Klfsof lcliln qokoql{ [}&
:2&1=:&=== husl cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{sgfjjg cgqu`klfj eion qoase{ gfcuqs{w clf
}ofjeilnlf qoclfjdlf qoase{ cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{ofcln lcliln qoase{
}o{sl`klfjlf clf }ofjjliglf& Gfg `ofufhuddlf klnzl cl{g slnuf ;==:-;=<=
1
Qodse{ ;==: ;==> ;==7 ;=<=(
]o{slfglf ?&;3;&1?=)3> ?&3=>&>2<):1 ?&23<&7==)?= ?&7:3&===
]o{sl`klfjlf"
]ofjjliglf
27&;7;):: :7&<?<)<; 7=&<7?)?< 7>&===
Gfcuqs{g
]ofjeilnlf
1<&372&:?<):? 1;&;;?&=:? 1;&:=:&?1<);2 11&::7&===
Igqs{gd) Jlq "
Lg{ Ko{qgn
;&2;7&?><)1; ;&>=?&:7;)?= ;&7;;&?37)=> 1&;>=&===
Klfjuflf <&>>=&;:1)73 ;&=<=&1>>)?2 ;&;=3&?;1)3< ;&12=&===
]o{cljlfjlf)
Nesoi) "
[oqse{lf
<;&>==&>==)>2 <3&;=;&772)?= <?&<;:&7<>);2 <2&;::&===
]ofjlfjduslf
" De`ufgdlqg
?&:>=&?27)71 2&;==&2:?)1< 2&>::&<>:)2< :&:<7&===
Doulfjlf)
]o{qozllf) "
Hlql ]o{uqlnllf
;&<1>&=2<):: ;&3>7&>:?):> ;&>;;&?2=)<7 1&=<3&===
Hlql ‑ hlql 1&==7&=7;)72 1&1>=&=71)?7 1&212&:?3)>= 1&>=2&===
Sesli ]C[K
LCND
2?&=32&::?):: 2>&>=;&7<=)1= :;&=1<&<;=)2< :2&1=:&===
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Qodse{ ]o{slfglf so{kljg `ofhlcg ? .ig`l' qukqoase{) wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{
Slfl`lf ]lfjlf) .;' Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]o{dokuflf) .1' Qukqodse{ ]oso{fldlf
clf nlqgi-nlqgifwl) .3' Qukqodse{ Donuslflf clf ]o{ku{ulf) clf .?' Qukqodse{
]o{gdlflf&
Qodse{ ]o{sl`klfjlf clf ]ofjjliglf so{cg{g cl{g 3 .o`}ls') wlgsu8 .<'
Qukqodse{ }ofjjliglf slfln u{uj) .;' Qukqodse{ ]ofjjliglf Slfln Igls) .1'
Qukqodse{ ]ofjjliglf Slfln Dl}u{) .3' Qukqodse{ ]ofjjliglf Klsu Dlig clf
Slfln Dl}u{&
Qodse{ Gfcuqs{g clf ]ofjeilnlf so{cg{g cl{g 1 .sgjl' qukqoase{) wlgsu8 .<'
Qukqodse{ gfcuqs{w koql{%qoclfj) .;' Qukqodse{ gfcuqs{w doagi) clf .1' Qukqodse{
gfcuqs{w {u`ln slfjjl&
Qodse{ Igqs{gd) Jlq) clf Lg{ Ko{qgn so{cg{g cl{g ; .cul') wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{
Igqs{gd) clf .;' Qukqodse{ Lg{ @gfu`&
Qodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf so{cg{g cl{g 1 .sgjl') wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf
koql{ clf oao{lf) .;' Qukqodse{ {oqse{lf clf {u`ln `ldlf) .1' Qukqodse{ nesoi
clf lde`eclqg ilgffwl&
Qodse{ Lfjduslf clf ]o{nukufjlf so{cg{g cl{g 1 .sgjl') wlgsu8 .<'
Qukqodse{ lfjduslf cl{ls) .;' Qukqodse{ hlql }ofufhlfj lfjduslf) clf .1'
Qukqodse{ }eq clf soiode`ufgdlqg&
Qodse{ Io`kljl Doulfjlf) ]o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf so{cg{g cl{g 1
.sgjl') wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{ klfd clf io`kljl doulfjlf kudlf klfd) .;' qukqoase{
qozl klfjuflf) clf .1' qukqoase{ }o{uqlnllf&
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Ko{clql{dlf clsl ]C[K slnuf ;==:) qs{udsu{ odefe`g Desl Slfjo{lfj
Qoilslf cgce`gflqg eion qodse{ il}lfjlf uqlnl }o{cljlfjlf nesoi clf {oqse{lf
clf gfcuqs{w }ofjeilnlf& Qodse{ ilgf wlfj hujl `o`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg audu}
koql{ lcliln hlql-hlql) klfd) }o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf) clf }ofjlfjduslf
clf de`ufgdlqg& Ig`l qodse{ ilgf `lqgfj-`lqgfj `o`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg cg
klzln <=/&
Qs{udsu{ odefe`g so{qokus `ofufhuddlf klnzl }o{odefe`glf Slfjo{lfj
Qoilslf cgce g̀flqg eion qodse{ so{qgo{) wlgsu }ofjlfjduslf clf de`ufgdlqg4
}o{cljlfjlf nesoi clf {oqse{lf4 hlql-hlql4 clf klfd) }o{qozllf clf hlql
}o{uqlnllf) wlfj `o`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg nl`}g{ 7=/& Qodse{ qodufco{ .gfcuqs{g
}ofjeilnlf4 igqs{gd) jlq clf lg{ ko{qgn4 clf defqs{udqg' `o`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg
>):2/) clf qodse{ }{g̀ o{ .}o{slfglf4 }o{sl`klfjlf clf }ofjjliglf' nlfwl
`o`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg du{lfj cl{g ;/& Hgdl cgignls doaofco{ufjlf qohld slnuf
;==: ngfjjl slnuf ;=<=) qodse{ }{g`o{ clf qodufco{ `ofjoagi defs{gkuqgfwl
qoal{l qgjfgbgdlf qoclfjdlf qodse{ so{qgo{ `ofgfjdls defs{gkuqgfwl&
Hgdl `o`klfcgfjdlf sesli ]C[K ]{ergfqg Klfsof clf Desl Slfjo{lfj
Qoilslf slnuf ;==: lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf) dgsl cl}ls `oignls klnzl fgilg
]C[K Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf iokgn doagi cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf fgilg ]C[K
]{ergfqg Klfsof& Nli gfg `ofufhuddlf lfjjl}lf klnzl ]{ergfqg Klfsof iokgn
`ld`u{ clf qohlnso{l cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& Cg `lfl
Klfsof `o`gigdg Gfcuqs{g ]ofjeilnlf qokljlg qoase{ cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{koql{
qoclfjdlf Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf `o g̀igdg qoase{ ]o{cljlfjlf) nesoi clf
{oqse{lf qokljlg uhufj se`kldfwl&
:
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Ko{clql{dlf clsl-clsl wlfj cgcl}ls `ldl cl}ls cg}o{eion `lso{g wlfj
`ofjulsdlf }ofuigq ufsud `oildudlf }ofoigsglf sofslfj lfligqgq qoase{
}o{odefe`glf wlfj `o`}ofjl{ung ]ofcl}lslf Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli K{use cg desl
Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& Cofjlf lclfwl clsl wlfj `ofjulsdlf sofslfj ]ofcl}lslf
Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K' qo}o{sg cg lslq `ldl }ofuigq gfjgf `ofjlfligqgq
clsl wlfj cg}o{eion cl{g K]Q clf ]o`Des Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf) qongfjjl }ofuigq
`ofjl`kgi hucui ’LFLIGQGQ ]ESOFQG ODEFE@G DESL SLFJO[LFJ
QOILSLF .COFJLF ]OFCODLSLF IEALSGEF \_ESGOFS CLF
QNGBS QNL[O ' ]O[GECO ;==:-;=<=‐&
K& ]o{u`uqlf @lqliln
Ko{clql{dlf ilsl{ koildlfj wlfj soiln cgko{gdlf cg lslq) cl}ls cg{u`uqdlf
`lqliln qokljlg ko{gdus8
<& Qodse{ ‑ qodse{ l}ldln wlfj `ofhlcg qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq clil`
}o{odefe`glf Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&
;& Kljlg`lfldln }o{uklnlf qodse{ }o{odefe g̀lf desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf
}lcl }o{geco ;==:-;=<=&
1& Qodse{ ‑ qoase{ odefe`g `lfldln wlfj }esofqgli ufsud iokgn cgdo`klfjdlf
qokljlg }ofufhlfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&
A&Suhulf ]ofoigsglf
Lslq clql{ ilsl{ koildlfj clf }o{`lqlilnlf qo}o{sg cgdo`udldlf cg lslq)
`ldl }ofoigsglf gfg cg`ldqucdlf ufsud8
>
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<& @ofjoslnug clf `ofjjeiefjdlf lfsl{l qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq wlfj lcl
cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&
;& @ofjoslnug }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{ odefe`g wlfj so{hlcg }lcl qoase{ ‑ qoase{
}o{odefe`glf qoil`l }o{geco ;==: ‑ ;=<= cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&
1& @ofjoslnug qoase{ ‑ qoase{ odefe g̀ wlfj }esofqgli ufsud cgdo`klfjdlf
qokljlg }ofufhlfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&
C&@lfblls ]ofoigsglf
Nlqgi }ofoigsglf gfg cgnl{l}dlf cl}ls cgjufldlf ufsud8
<& Qokljlg klnlf orliulqg clf ̀ lqudlf ufsud }o`o{gfsln clo{ln clil` {lfjdl
}ofosl}lf dokghldlf wlfj ldlf clslfj wlfj ko{dlgslf cofjlf }o`klfjuflf
{ojgefli&
;& Qokljlg sl`klnlf gfbe{`lqg lslu jl`kl{lf `ofjoflg }esofqg }o{su`kunlf
odefe g̀ cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf) qongfjjl }o`o{gfsln clo{ln cl}ls
iokgn `ofjo`klfjdlf }esofqg clo{lnfwl qoal{l e}sg`li&
1& Qokljlg klnlf }ofoigsglf so{dlgs ufsud wlfj qoilfhusfwl&
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KLK GG
SGFHL_LF ]_QSLDL
L& Ilfclqlf Soe{g
<& Soe{g ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g
]ofjo{sglf }o{su`kunlf odefe`g .oaefe`ga j{ezsn' clf }o`klfjuflf
odefe`g .oaefe`ga coroie}`ofs ' `lqgn qo{gfj `ofhlcg qokuln }o{coklslf cg
lfsl{l }l{l odefe &̀ ]o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ `ofu{us koko{l}l odefe`
`ofjl{sgdlffwl qokljlg ko{gdus8 @ofu{us ]{eb& Keocgefe) soe{g }o{su`kunlf
odefe`g cl}ls cgcobgfgqgdlf qokljlg }ofhoilqlf `ofjoflg blase{-bldse{ l}l wlfj
`ofofsudlf doflgdlf eus}us }o{dl}gsl clil` hlfjdl }lfhlfj) clf }ofhoilqlf
`ofjoflg kljlg`lfl blase{-bldse{ so{qokus `ofwoklkdlf so{hlcgfwl }{eqoq
}o{su`kunlf& Lfligqgq wlfj `ofodlfdlf }lcl }o{su`kunlf odefe`g qo`lsl
cglfjjl} du{lfj qo`}u{fl& Nli gfg cgqoklkdlf l}lkgil so{hlcg }ofgfjdlslf eus}us
clf }ofcl}lslf koiu` sofsu `ofgfjdlsdlf sl{lb ngcu} clf doqohlnso{llf
`lqwl{ldls) Qosglzlf clil` }ofoigsglf Xunlg{lf .;=<='&
Clil` soe{g dilqgd Lcl` Q g̀sn clil` ]u{zlfgfjqgn .;==78;3'
`ofwlsldlf klnzl qliln qlsu blase{ wlfj `ofofsudlf }o{su`kunlf odefe`g
lcliln }o{do`klfjlf }ofcucud& Hu`iln }ofcucud wlfj ko{sl`kln ldlf
`o`}o{iulq }lfjql }lql{) clf }o{iulqlf }lql{ ldlf `ofgfjdlsdlf q}oqgligqlqg
clil` }o{odefe g̀lf so{qokus& Iokgn ilfhus) q}oqgligqlqg ldlf `ofgfjdlsdlf
}{ecudsgrgslq sofljl do{hl qongfjjl `ofgfjdlsdlf u}ln clf doufsufjlf& Cofjlf
<=
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;& Soe{g ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g [ojgefli
l& @ecoi Klqgq Odq}e{
@ecoi gfg cg}o{doflidlf eion Ceujilq A& Fe{sn }lcl slnuf <7?2& @ofu{us
`ecoi gfg) }o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ qulsu clo{ln cgsofsudlf eion doufsufjlf
de`}osgsgb .Ae`}osgsgro Lcrlfsljo' wlfj cg`gigdg eion clo{ln ko{qlfjduslf& Kgil
clo{ln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf cl}ls `ofce{efj }o{su`kunlf qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj
`o`}ufwlg doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb qokljlg klqgq ufsud odq}e{) `ldl
}o{su`kunlf clo{ln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf ldlf cl}ls cgsgfjdlsdlf& Nli gfg ldlf
so{hlcg dl{ofl }ofgfjdlslf odq}e{ so{qokus ldlf `o`ko{gdlf cl`}ld ko{jlfcl
. @uisg}igo{ Obboas ' do}lcl }o{odefe`glf clo{ln& <
k& @ecoi Gfso{{ojgefli Gfae`o
]o{iulqlf cl{g `ecoi klqgq odq}e{ cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf `o`lquddlf
ufqu{ nukufjlf odefe`g lfsl{ zgilwln wlfj cgdofli Gfso{{ojgefli Gfae`o @ecoi
wlfj cgdo`klfjdlf eion Nl{{w Z& [ganl{cqef .<7:>'& Ko{kocl cofjlf @ecoi
Klqgq Odq}e{) wlfj `ofjlqu`qgdlf odq}e{ qokljlg o~ejofeuq rl{glkio) `ldl
clil` `ecoi gfso{{ojgefli gfg) odq}e{ cglqu`qgdlf qokljlg blase{ wlfj ko{lcl
clil` qwqso` .ofcejofeuq rl{glkio' wlfj cgsofsudlf eion }o{do`klfjlf
dojglslf }o{cljlfjlf lfsl{ zgilwln& Qoilfhusfwl) dojglslf }o{cljlfjlf lfsl{
clo{ln so{qokus cgkljg lslq kl{lfj defqu`qg clf kl{lfj `ecli& Cg ql`}gfj gsu)
ljl{ lfligqgq `ofhlcg iokgn {oligqsgq) `ldl }lcl `ecoi lfsl{ {ojgef gfg
cg`lquddlf }uil ufqu{ }o`o{gfsln wlfj cgsl`}gidlf clil` kofsud }ofo{g`llf
clf }ofjoiul{lf }o`o{gfsln clo{ln qo{sl dojglslf gfroqslqg qoqulg cofjlf }{gfqg}
Soe{g Odefe`g Dowfoq .Qhlb{gxli) ;==>871'&
< Qhlb{gxli& ;==>& Odefe`g [ojgefli8 Soe{g clf L}igdlqg& ]lclfj8 Klcueqo @ocgl) nli& >:
<;
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1& Soe{g ]o`klfjuflf Clo{ln
]o`klfjuflf clo{ln lcliln kljglf gfsoj{li cl{g }o`klfjuflf Flqgefli
wlfj }lcl nldgdlsfwl `o{u}ldlf u}lwl so{ofalfl ufsud `ofgfjdlsdlf dl}lqgslq
}o`o{gfsln clo{ln qongfjjl so{ag}sl qulsu do`l`}ulf wlfj lfcli clf
}{eboqqgefli clil` `o`ko{gdlf }oilwlflf do}lcl `lqwl{ldls) qo{sl do`l`}ulf
ufsud `ofjoieil qu`ko{ clwl odefe`g clo{ln qoal{l ko{clwl jufl clf ko{nlqgi
jufl ufsud do`lhulf }o{odefe`glf clo{ln clf doqohlnso{llf clo{ln .Co}clj{g)
;==7'& ]o`klfjuflf clo{ln hujl `o{u}ldlf u}lwl ufsud `o`ko{clwldlf
`lqwl{ldls cg qoiu{un clo{ln qongfjjl so{ag}sl qulsu igfjdufjlf wlfj
`o`ufjdgfdlf `lqwl{ldls ufsud `ofgd`lsg duligslq dongcu}lf wlfj iokgn klgd)
`lhu sofs{l` clf qodligjuq `o`}o{iulq }gignlf wlfj cl}ls cgildudlf `lqwl{ldls
kljg }ofgfjdlslf nl{dls) `l{slkls) clf nl{jl cg{g&
]o`klfjuflf clo{ln cl}ls cgignls cl{g koko{l}l qojg& ]o{sl`l) qojg
}o`klfjuflf qodse{li& ]ofal}lglf qlql{lf }o`klfjuflf Flqgefli cgildudlf
`oiliug ko{kljlg dojglslf }o`klfjuflf qodse{li wlfj cgildudlf cg clo{ln&
]o`klfjuflf qodse{li cgqoqulgdlf cofjlf defcgqg clf }esofqg clo{ln& Docul)
cl{g qojg }o`klfjuflf zgilwln wlfj `oig}usg }o{desllf clf }ocoqllf qokljlg
}uqls clf iedlqg dojglslf qeagli odefe`g cl{g zgilwln so{qokus& Dosgjl)
}o`klfjuflf clo{ln cgignls cl{g qojg }o`o{gfslnlf& Suhulf }o`klfjuflf clo{ln
nlfwl cl}ls cgal}lg l}lkgil }o`o{gfsln clo{ln cl}ls ko{hlilf cofjlf klgd& Eion
dl{ofl gsu) }o`klfjuflf clo{ln `o{u}ldlf qulsu uqlnl `ofjo`klfjdlf clf
`o`}o{duls }o`o{gfslnlf clo{ln clil` {lfjdl `ldgf `lfsl}wl esefe`g clo{ln
wlfj fwlsl) cgfl`gq) qo{lqg clf ko{slfjjufjhlzlk .Qhlb{gxli) ;==>'&
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Cofjlf }o`lnl`lf }o`klfjuflf clo{ln qokljlg }ofhlkl{lf cl{g
}o`klfjuflf flqgefli) dgfo{hl }o`klfjuflf flqgefli `o{u}ldlf lj{ojls cl{g
dgfo{hl }o`klfjuflf qoiu{un clo{ln& ]ofal}lglf suhulf clf qlql{lf
}o`klfjuflf flqgefli `o{u}ldlf lj{ojlqg cl{g }ofal}lglf qo`ul }{ergfqg) clf
}ofal}lglf suhulf }o`klfjuflf cg sgfjdls }{ergfqg `o{u}ldlf lj{ojlqg
}ofal}lglf dlku}lsof%desl& Cofjlf co`gdglf slfjjufj hlzlk ufsud `ofal}lg
suhulf clf qlql{lf ‑ qlql{lf clil` }o`klfjuflf flqgefli `ofhlcg dozlhgklf
ko{ql`l lfsl{ }o`o{gfsln }uqls clf clo{ln& ]o{ofalfllf }o`klfjuflf clo{ln
`o{u}ldlf kljglf wlfj sgcld so{}gqlndlf cl{g qwqso` }o{ofalfllf }o`klfjuflf
flqgefli& Qgfd{efgqlqg dokghldlf) }{ej{l`) clf dojglslf }o`klfjuflf qlfjls
}ofsgfj ufsud `ofje}sg`lidlf }ofjoieillf clf }o`lfbllslf qu`ko{ clwl wlfj
so{klslq&
3& ]ofcl}lslf Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli K{use
]{ecud ce`oqsga lcliln qo`ul kl{lfj clf hlql qokljlg nlqgi cl{g
}ofoigsglf ‑ }ofoigsglf odefe`g cg zgilwln ce`oqsga) slf}l `o`}o{nlsgdlf
l}ldln blase{ }{ecudqgfwl ko{lqli lslu cg`gigdg eion }ofcucud clo{ln so{qokus&
Wlfj cg`ldquc }{ecud {ojgefli lcliln }{ecud ce`oqsga cgsl`kln cofjlf
}ofcl}lslf wlfj cgso{g`l cl{g iul{ clo{ln%fojo{g cgdu{lfjg }ofcl}lslf wlfj
cgklwl{dlf do iul{ clo{ln%fojo{g so{qokus& Hlcg }{ecud {ojgefli `o{u}ldlf }{ecud
wlfj cgsg`kuidlf eion blase{ }{ecudqg wlfj cg`gigdg eion }ofcucud qulsu clo{ln
.K]Q ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj) ;==7'&
Clsl ]C[K so{qokus `ofjjl`kl{dlf do`l`}ulf qulsu clo{ln clil`
`ofjoieil qu`ko{ clwl lil` clf qu`ko{ clwl `lfuqgl wlfj cg`gigdg& _fqu{-
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ufqu{ }eded clil` ]ofcl}lslf Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K' lcliln qokljlg
ko{gdus8
• Eus}us
Eus}us lcliln fgilg kl{lfj lslu hlql wlfj cgnlqgidlf clil` qulsuu }o{geco
so{sofsu) kglqlfwl qlsu slnuf& Hofgq eus}us lcl 1 `lal`) wlgsu8 .<' eus}us usl`l)
wlgsu eus}us wlfj `ofhlcg suhulf usl`l }{ecudqg4 .;' eus}us ql`}gfjlf) wlgsu
kudlf `ofhlcg suhulf usl`l }{ecudqg) clf .1' eus}us gduslf) wlgsu eus}us wlfj
so{hlcg ko{ql`l-ql`l lslu sgcld cl}ls cgngfcl{dlf cofjlf eus}us usl`lfwl&
• Kglwl Lfsl{l
Kglwl lfsl{l lcliln kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj sgcld slnlf il`l clf hlql wlfj
cgjufldlf%nlkgq clil` }{eqoq }{ecudqg& Kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj wlfj slnlf il`l
u`u`fwl iokgn cl{g qlsu slnuf) clf sgcld nlkgq clil` }{eqoq }{ecudqg sgcld
so{`lqud qokljlg kglwl lfsl{l&
• Fgilg Sl`kln
<' Fgilg Sl`kln K{use
Fgilg sl`kln k{use `o{u}ldlf qoigqgn lfsl{l eus}us clf kglwl lfsl{l)
cofjlf dlsl ilgf `o{u}ldlf }{ecud cl{g }{eqoq }{ecudqg&
]{ecud gfg so{cg{g lslq8
l' ]ofcl}lslf blase{) wlfj so{cg{g lslq8
.<' _}ln%jlhg qokljlg klilq hlql }ojlzlg
.;' Qu{}iuq uqlnl .qozl slfln) kufjl `ecli) clf
doufsufjlf'
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k' ]ofwuquslf kl{lfj `ecli sosl} .su{uffwl fgilg kl{lfj
`ecli'
a' ]lhld sld ilfjqufj fosse
]lhld sld ilfjqufj fosse lcliln qoigqgn lfsl{l }lhld ilfjqufj
cofjlf qukqgcg& .K]Q ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj& ;==7& Nli 1'
[u`uq wlfj cgjufldlf qokljlg ko{gdus8
]{ecud Ce`oqsgd 0 F]-FKL
Doso{lfjlf8
F] 0 Fgilg ]{ecudqg
FKL 0 Fgilg Kglwl Lfsl{l
;' Fgilg Sl`kln Fosse
L}lkgil }ofwuquslf cgdoiul{dlf cl{g fgilg sl k̀ln k{use ldlf
cg}o{eion fgilg sl`kln fosse&
• ]C[K @ofu{us Il}lfjlf _qlnl
]C[K qodse{li lcliln hu`iln qoiu{un fgilg sl`kln k{use cl{g
qoase{%qukqoase{ cg qulsu zgilwln& Qodse{%il}lfjlf uqlnl gfg
so{cg{g cl{g8
<' Qodse{ ]o{slfglf
;' Qodse{ ]o{sl k̀lfjlf clf ]ofjjliglf
1' Qodse{ Gfcuqs{g ]ofjeilnlf
3' Qodse{ Igqs{gd) Jlq clf Lg{ Ko{qgn
?' Qodse{ Klfjuflf
2' Qodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf
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:' Qodse{ Lfjduslf clf ]o{nukufjlf
>' Qodse{ Io`kljl Doulfjlf) ]o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf
7' Qodse{ hlql ‑ hlql
Lj{ojls ‑ lj{ojls ]C[K cgqlhgdlf clil` kofsud cgqs{gkuqg
}o{qofslqo) gfcodq }o{do`klfjlf) gfcodq ko{lfslg) clf gfcodq
nl{jl g`}igqgs&
l& Cgqs{gkuqg ]o{qofslqo
Koql{ `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj qukqoase{%qoase{ cg}o{ieon cofjlf al{l
`o`kljg fgilg qukqoase{%qoase{ cofjlf fgilg ]C[K cgdlig <==
}o{qof& ]o{qofslqo gfg `ofao{`gfdlf koql{fwl }o{lflf `lqgfj ‑
`lqgfj qukqoase{%qoase{ clil` }o{odefe g̀lf clo{ln) qo{sl
`ofufhuddlf }o{odefe`glf clo{ln so{qokus&
k& Gfcodq ]o{do`klfjlf
Gfcodq }o{do k̀lfjlf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l `o`kljg fgilg
qukqodse{%qoase{%]C[K }lcl slnuf clql{) cgdligdlf cofjlf <==&
Cofjlf gfcodq }o{do`klfjlf }lcl slnuf clql{ ql`l cofjlf <==&
a& Gfcodq Ko{lfslg
Gfcodq ko{lfslg cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l `o`kljg fgilg
qukqoase{%qoase{%]C[K slnuf ko{hlilf cofjlf fgilg
qukqoase{%qoase{%]C[K slnuf qokoiu`fwl) cgdligdlf <== .slnuf
qokoiu`fwl 0 <=='& Lfjdl gfcodq ko{lfslg ]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl
defqslf `ofufhuddlf }o{su`kunlf odefe`g ufsud slnuf ko{hlilf&
c& Gfcodq Nl{jl G`}igqgs
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Gfcodq nl{jl g`}igqgs cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l `o`kljg ]C[K
lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cofjlf ]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf
cgdligdlf <==&
l& @oseco ]o{ngsufjlf ]C[K lslq Clql{ Nl{jl Ko{ildu
]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cggngsufj `oiliug cul `oseco)
wlgsu `oseco ilfjqufj clf `oseco sgcld ilfjqufj&
@oseco ilfjqufj cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf `ofjjufldlf 1
`lal` }ofcodlslf&
<' ]ofcodlslf ]{ecudqg
Wlgsu cofjlf `ofjngsufj fgilg sl`kln kl{lfj clf hlql
wlfj cg}{ecudqg eion qoiu{un dojglslf odefe`g cofjlf al{l
`ofju{lfjdlf kglwl lfsl{l cl{g `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj fgilg
}{ecudqg k{use sgl} ‑ sgl} qoase{ lslu qukqoase{& ]ofcodlslf gfg
kglql hujl cgqokus cofjlf }ofcodlslf fgilg sl`kln&
;' ]ofcodlslf ]ofcl}lslf
Clil` }ofcodlslf }ofcl}lslf) fgilg sl`kln cl{g qosgl}
dojglslf odefe`g cgngsufj cofjlf `ofhu`ilndlf qo`ul klilq
hlql blase{ }{ecudqg) wlgsu u}ln clf jlhg) qu{}iuq uqlnl)
}ofwuquslf) clf }lhld sld ilfjqufj fosse&
1' ]ofcl}lslf ]ofjoiul{lf
]ofcodlslf cl{g qojg }ofjoiul{lf ko{sgsgdseild }lcl
}ofjjufllf ldng{ cl{g kl{lfj clf hlql&
Qoclfjdlf `oseco sgcld ilfjqufj lcliln cofjlf
`ofjngsufj }ofcl}lslf {ojgefli dlku}lsof cofjlf al{l
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`ofjliedg{ lfjdl }ofcl}lslf {ojgefli ]{ergfqg ufsud sgl} ‑
sgl} dlku}lsof cofjlf `ofjjufldlf liedlse{ fgilg }{ecudqg
k{use) hu`iln }{ecudqg) sofljl do{hl clf }ofcucud&
]o`ldlglf `lqgfj-`lqgfj `oseco }ofcodlslf qlfjls
so{jlfsufj }lcl clsl wlfj so{qocgl& ]lcl dofwlsllffwl)
}o`ldlglf docul `oseco so{qokus ldlf qligfj `ofufhlfj qlsu
ql`l ilgf) dl{ofl `oseco ilfjqufj ldlf `ofce{efj
}ofgfjdlslf duligslq clsl clo{ln) qoclfjdlf `oseco sgcld
ilfjqufj ldlf `o{u}ldlf de{odqg clil` }o`klfcgfj kljg clsl
clo{ln&;
k& @oseco ]o{ngsufjlf ]C[K lslq Clql{ Nl{jl Defqslf
Qoal{l defqo} fgilg lslq clql{ nnl{jl defqslf cl}ls hujl
`ofao{ g̀fdlf dulfsu` }{ecudqg }lcl slnuf wlfj ko{hlilf wlfj
cgfgilg lslq clql{ nl{jl }lcl slnuf clql{& Cl{g qojg `oseco qslsgqsga)
qulsu fgilg lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cl}ls cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l8
<' [orliulqg) cgildudlf cofjlf al{l `ofgilg }{ecudqg clf
kglwl lfsl{l `lqgfj-`lqgfj slnuf cofjlf nl{jl }lcl slnuf
clql{& Nlqgifwl `o{u}ldlf eus}us clf kglwl lfsl{l lslq
clql{ nl{jl defqslf& Qoilfhusfwl fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{
nl{jl defqslf) cg}o{eion cl{g qoigqgn lfsl{l eus}us clf
kglwl lfsl{l lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf& Clil` }{ldsod)
qlfjls quigs `oildudlf {orliulqg so{nlcl} kglwl lfsl{l wlfj
cgjufldlf) dl{ofl `ofaldu} de`}efof gf}us wlfj qlfjls
; nss}8%%kuflzeie&ze{c}{oqq&ae`%}c{k%) cgldqoq }lcl <= L}{gi ;=<; }udui <<&?< zgk
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klfwld cgql`}gfj gsu clsl nl{jl wlfj so{qocgl sgcld cl}ls
`o`ofung qo`ul do}o{iulf so{qokus& Eion dl{ofl gsu kglwl
lfsl{l lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf kglqlfwl cg}o{eion cl{g
}o{dliglf lfsl{l eus}us lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf `lqgfj-
`lqgfj slnuf cofjlf {lsge sosl} kglwl lfsl{l so{nlcl}
eus}us }lcl slnuf clql{&
;' Odqs{l}eilqg) fgilg sl`kln `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj slnuf lslq
clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l `ofjligdlf
fgilg sl`kln }lcl slnuf clql{ cofjlf gfcodq }{ecudqg&
Gfcodq }{ecudqg qokljlg odqs{l}eilse{ cl}ls `o{u}ldlf
gfcodq cl{g `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj }{ecudqg wlfj cgnlqgidlf
lslu}uf gfcodq cl{g ko{kljlg gfcgalse{ }{ecudqg qo}o{sg
sofljl do{hl) hu`iln }o{uqlnllf clf ilgffwl) wlfj
cglfjjl} aeaed cofjlf hofgq dojglslf qukqoase{) clf qoase{
wlfj cgngsufj& Odqs{l}eilqg hujl cl}ls cgildudlf so{nlcl}
eus}us lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf) do`ucglf cofjlf
`ofjjufldlf {lqge sosl} fgilg sl`kln so{nlcl} eus}us ldlf
cg}o{eion }o{dg{llf fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf&
1' Cobilqg) fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion
cofjlf al{l `o`kljg fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu
`lqgfj-`lqgfj slnuf cofjlf gfcodq nl{jl& Gfcodq nl{jl
wlfj cgjufldlf qokljlg cobilse{ kglqlfwl `o{u}ldlf
gfcodq nl{jl defqu`of .GND') gfcodq nl{jl }o{cljlfjlf
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koql{ .GN]K' clf qokljlgfwl) so{jlfsufj `lfl wlfj iokgn
aeaed& Gfcodq nl{jl cg lslq cl}ls }uil cg}ldlg qokljlg
gfbilse{) clil` dolcllf cg`lfl fgilg sl`kln lslq nl{jl
ko{ildu huqs{u cg}o{eion cofjlf `ofjligdlf fgilg sl`kln
lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cofjlf gfcodq nl{jl so{qokus
]o{dg{llf }{ecud%}ofcl}lslf ce`oqsga lslq clql{ nl{jl
defqslf cl}ls cgildudlf }lcl ]C[K `ofu{us il}lfjlf uqlnl cofjlf
al{l `ofjngsufj fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf ufsud ko{kljlg
il}lfjlf uqlnl& Fgilg sl`kln k{use qodse{li lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf
cgngsufj cofjlf al{l `ofjjufldlf cul sodfgd) wlgsu sodfgd gfcgalse{
jlfcl clf sodfgd gfcgalse{ sufjjli& ]lcl sodfgd gfcgalse{ jlfcl
}o{dg{llf lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf ufsud `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj fgilg
}{ecudqg clf kglwl lfsl{l cgildudlf qoall{l so{}gqln& ]o{ngsufjlf lslq
clql{ nl{jl defqslf kljg `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj fgilg }{ecudqg clf kglwl
lfsl{l cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf al{l {orliulqg) al{l odqs{l}eilqg) clf
al{l cobilqg& Qosoiln }o{dg{llf lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion)
`ldl fgilg eus}us lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf ldlf `ofjnlqgidlf fgilg
sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf lslu cofjlf {u`uq8
FSKd 0 F]d - FKLd
.Qu`ko{8 K]Q ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj& ;==7& Nli <?'
cg `lfl4
FSKd 0 fgilg sl`kln k{use lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf
F]d 0 fgilg }{ecudqg lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf
FKLd 0 fgilg kglwl lfsl{l lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf
;<
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]lcl sodfgd gfcgalse{ sufjjli) `ldl }o{dg{llf fgilg sl`kln lslq
clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion qoal{l ilfjqufj cofjlf `ofjjufldlf
`oseco cobilqg clf `oseco odqs{l}eilqg&
Cofjlf `oseco cobilqg) fgilg sl`kln k{use lslq clql{ nl{jl
defqslf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l `o`kljg fgilg sl`kln k{use slnuf wlfj
ko{hlilf cofjlf gfcodq nl{jl }lcl `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj slnuf cgkljg <==&
Cofjlf `oseco odqs{l}eilqg) fgilg sl`kln k{use lslq clql{
nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l `ofjligdlf fgilg sl`kln k{use
}lcl slnuf clql{ cofjlf gfcodq dulfsu` `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj slnuf
cgkljg <==&
a& Dojufllf Clsl ]C[K
Cl{g clsl ]C[K) cl}ls hujl cgsu{ufdlf koko{l}l gfcgdlse{
odefe`g }ofsgfj ilgffwl) qo}o{sg 8
<& ]{ecud Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli Fose Lslq Clql{ Nl{jl ]lql{ )
wlgsu ]C[K cgdu{lfjg cofjlf qoiu{un }ofwuquslf lslq kl{lfj-kl{lfj
`ecli sosl} wlfj cgjufldlf clil` }{eqoq }{ecudqg qoil`l qoslnuf&
;& ]{ecud Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli Fose Lslq Clql{ Kglwl Bldse{
]{ecudqg) wlgsu }{ecud ce`oqsgd {ojgefli fose lslq clql{ nl{jl }lql{
cgdu{lfjg cofjlf }lhld sgcld ilfjqufj fose& ]lhld sgcld ilfjqufj fose
`o{u}ldlf }lhld sgcld ilfjqufj wlfj cg}ufjus }o`o{gfsln cgdu{lfjg
cofjlf qukqgcg wlfj cgko{gdlf eion }o`o{gfsln& Klgd }lhld sgcld
ilfjqufj `lu}uf qukqgcg) docul-culfwl cgdofldlf so{nlcl} kl{lfj
clf hlql wlfj cg}{ecudqg lslu cghuli& ]lhld sgcld ilfjqufj ko{qgbls
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?& ]C[K clf ]ofcl}lslf [ojgefli ]o{dl}gsl lslq clql{ nl{jl
ko{ildu `ofufhuddlf fgilg ]C[K clf ]ofcl}lslf [ojgefli }o{ do}lil
lslu }o{ qlsu e{lfj }ofcucud&
2& ]C[K clf ]ofcl}lslf [ojgefli ]o{dl}gsl lslq clql{ nl{jl
defqslf ko{jufl ufsud `ofjoslnug }o{su`kunlf fwlsl odefe`g }o{
dl}gsl }ofcucud qulsu zgilwln&
?& @ecoi Klqgq Odefe`g
@ofu{us Qhlb{gxli .;==>8>7' }ofhoilqlf qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq) wlgsu8
’Qodse{ klqgq lcliln qoase{ wlfj `ofhlcg suilfj }ufjjufj }o{odefe`glf
clo{ln dl{ofl `o`}ufwlg doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb wlfj audu} sgfjjg& Qoclfjdlf
qoase{ fef klqgq `o{u}ldlf qoase{ ‑ qoase{ ilgffwl wlfj du{lfj }esofqgli sosl}g
ko{bufjqg qokljlg }ofufhlfj Qodse{ Klqgq lslu Qo{rgao Gfcuqs{goq‐&
Lcl}uf `ofu{us Jilqqef .<77=821-23') defqo} clql{ klqgq odefe g̀
`o`kljg }o{odefe`glf `ofhlcg ; .cul' qoase{ wlgsu8
]o{sl`l) qoase{ ‑ qoase{ klqgq lcliln qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj `ofjodq}e{
kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj clf hlql do so`}ls cg iul{ klslq }o{odefe`glf `lqwl{ldls wlfj
ko{qlfjduslf lslq `lqudlf kl{lfj clf hlql `o{odl do}lcl `lqwl{ldls wlfj
clslfj cl{g iul{ }o{klslqlf }o{odefe`glf `lqwl{ldls wlfj ko{qlfjduslf&
Docul) Qodse{ ‑ qoase{ kudlf klqgq lcliln qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj `ofhlcgdlf
kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj wlfj cgkusundlf eion e{lfj wlfj ko{so`}ls sgfjjli cg clil`
klslq }o{odefe`glf `lqwl{ldls ko{qlfjduslf& Qodse{ ‑ qoase{ sgcld `ofjodq}e{
kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj& [ulfj igfjdu} `o{odl clf clo{ln }lql{ so{usl`l lcliln ko{qgbls
ieali&
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Clil` `ecoi klqgq odefe g̀ cgfwlsldlf klnzl blase{ }ofofsu usl`l
}o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb wlfj ko{nukufjlf
ilfjqufj cofjlf }o{`gfsllf kl{lfj clf hlql cl{g iul{ clo{ln& Ko{clql{dlf soe{g
gfg }o{odefe g̀lf qulsu zgilwln cgkljg `ofhlcg cul wlgsu qoase{ klqgq clf qoase{
fef klqgq& Qodse{ klqgq lcliln qoase{ wlfj `ofhlcg suilfj }ufjjufj
}o{odefe`glf clo{ln dl{ofl `o`}ufwlg doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb wlfj audu}
sgfjjg) qongfjjl `l`}u `ofjodq}e{ kl{lfj clf hlql do iul{ klslq-klslq
}o{odefe`glf zgilwln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf& Qoclfjdlf qoase{ fef klqgq
`o{u}ldlf dojglslf-dojglslf wlfj `ofwocgldlf kl{lfj clf hlql ufsud `o`ofung
dokusunlf e{lfj-e{lfj wlfj ko{so`}ls sgfjjli cg clil` klslq-klslq
}o{odefe`glf zgilwln so{qokus& Qodse{ fef klqgq gfg ko{bufjqg qokljlg qoase{
}ofufhlfj qoase{ klqgq klqgq lslu qo{rgao gfcuqs{goq .Qhlb{gxli) ;==>'&
Lclfwl }o{`gfsllf kl{lfj clf hlql cl{g iul{ clo{ln ldlf `ofgfjdlsdlf
}{eqoq }{ecudqg cg qoase{ gfcuqs{w& ]{eqoq }{ecudqg cg qulsu clo{ln wlfj
`ofjjufldlf qu`ko{ clwl }{ecudqg ieali) so{`lqud sofljl do{hl clf klnlf
kldufwl) wlfj nlqgi eus}us ldng{fwl cgodq}e{ ldlf `ofjnlqgidlf }o{su`kunlf
odefe`g) }ofgfjdlslf }ofcl}lslf }o{ dl}gsl) clf }ofag}sllf }oiulfj do{hl cg
clo{ln so{qokus&
]ofjo{sglf klqgq odefe`g cg qulsu zgilwln sgcld ko{qgbls qslsgq `oilgfdlf
cgfl g̀q) `ldqucfwl }lcl slnuf so{sofsu `ufjdgf qlhl qoase{ klqgq so{qokus kgql
ko{lign do qoase{ ilgf& Qodse{ klqgq kgql `ofjlil`g do`lhulf lslu do`ufcu{lf&
]ofwoklk do`lhulf qoase{ klqgq lcliln }o{do`klfjlf hl{gfjlf s{lfq}e{slqg clf
de`ufgdlqg) }o{do`klfjlf sodfeiejg) }o{do`klfjlf }ofcl}lslf clf }ofo{g`llf
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clo{ln) clf lclfwl }o{do`klfjlf }{lql{lfl odefe g̀ clf qeagli& Qoclfjdlf
}ofwoklk do`ufcu{lf qoase{ klqgq lcliln lclfwl }o{uklnlf }o{`gfsllf cl{g iul{
clo{ln clf donlkgqlf alclfjlf qu`ko{ clwl&
l& Iealsgef \uesgofs
_fsud `ofjlfligqgq klqgq odefe`g qulsu zgilwln) qliln qlsu sodfgd wlfj
ilxg` cgjufldlf lcliln dueqgof iedlqg . Iealsgef \uesgofs ) I\'& Lfligqgq
Iealsgef \uesgofs .I\' cgjufldlf ufsud `ofofsudlf qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq
clil` }o{odefe g̀lf desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& L}lkgil nlqgi }o{ngsufjlfffwl
`ofufhuddlf lfjdl iokgn cl{g qlsu .I\ 6 <' ko{l{sg qoase{ so{qokus `o{u}ldlf
qoase{ klqgq& Qokligdfwl) l}lkgil nlqgifwl `ofufhuddlf lfjdl du{lfj cl{g qlsu
.I\ 9 <' ko{l{sg qoase{ so{qokus kudlf qoase{ klqgq& _fsud `ofcl}lsdlf gfcodq
I\ cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf cul al{l) wlfj }o{sl`l lcliln cofjlf }ofcodlslf
sofljl do{hl clf wlfj docul lcliln cofjlf }ofcodlslf fgilg sl`kln)
be{`uilqgfwl cl}ls cgignls qokljlg ko{gdus8
• I\ 0 Ig%Is 8 Fg%Fs
cg `lfl Ig lcliln Hu`iln sofljl do{hl qoase{ g zgilwln {ofcln .clil` nli
gfg desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf'4 Is lcliln Hu`iln sofljl do{hl sesli zgilwln {ofcln4
Fg lcliln Hu`iln sofljl do{hl qoase{ g zgilwln sgfjjg . clil` nli gfg }{ergfqg
Klfsof'4 clf Fs lcliln hu`iln sofljl do{hl sesli zgilwln sgfjjg&
• I\ 0 Qg%Qs 8 Wg%Ws
cg `lfl Qg lcliln ]C[K qoase{ g zgilwln {ofcln4 Qs lcliln ]C[K sesli
zgilwln {ofcln4 Wg lcliln ]C[K qoase{ g zgilwln sgfjjg4 clf Ws lcliln ]C[K
sesli zgilwln sgfjjg&
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k& Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o
Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o .QQ' `o{u}ldlf sodfgd wlfj qlfjls ko{jufl clil`
`ofjlfligqgq }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{ odefe g̀ cg clo{ln cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf
}o{odefe`glf Flqgefli& Suhulf lfligqgq gfg qofcg{g lcliln ufsud `ofofsudlf
dgfo{hl lslu }{ecudsgrgslq do{hl }o{odefe`glf clo{ln cofjlf `o`klfcgfjdlffwl
cofjlf clo{ln wlfj iokgn koql{ .{ojgef%Flqgefli'&
Lfligqgq QQ) `o`ko{gdlf clsl sofslfj dgfo{hl }o{odefe`glf clil` sgjl
kgclfj wlfj ko{nukufjlf qlsu ql`l ilgffwl) wlgsu8
• ]o{sl`klnlf odefe g̀ clo{ln cgudu{ cofjlf al{l `ofjlfligqgq
}o{uklnlf lj{ojls qoal{l qodse{li cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf }o{uklnlf
}lcl qoase{ wlfj ql`l cg }o{odefe`glf wlfj cghlcgdlf laulf&
• ]o{joqo{lf }{e}e{qgefli `o{u}ldlf }o{kocllf lfsl{l }o{su`kunlf
clo{ln cofjlf `ofjjufldlf }o{su`kunlf flqgefli qodse{li clf
}o{su`kunlf clo{ln cofjlf `ofjjufldlf }o{su`kunlf flqgefli&
Clo{ln cl}ls su`kun iokgn ao}ls%iokgn il`kls cl{g {lsl-{lsl flqgefli
hgdl `o`}ufwlg qoase{ lslu gfcuqs{w wlfj su`kun iokgn ao}ls%il`kls
cl{g Flqgefli& Cofjlf co`gdglf) }o{kocllf ilhu }o{su`kunlf cofjlf
flqgefli cgqoklkdlf eion de`}eqgqg qoase{ wlfj ko{kocl&
]o{joqo{lf cgbo{ofqgli) cgjufldlf ufsud `ofofsudlf qoko{l}l hlun clwl
qlgfj gfcuqs{w clo{ln .ieali' cofjlf }o{odefe`glf wlfj cghlcgdlf laulf&
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K& ]ofoigsglf So{clnuiu
Cg ql`}gfj }o`klnlqlf soe{g-soe{g) }ofjdlhglf so{nlcl} nlqgi }ofoigsglf
wlfj soiln cgildudlf }l{l }ofoigsg }o{iu cgildudlf& ]ofjdlhglf lslq nlqgi-nlqgi
so{clnuiu ldlf qlfjls `o`klfsu clil` `ofoilln `lqliln wlfj wlfj cgklnlq
cofjlf ko{kljlg }ofcodlslf q}oqgbgd& Qoilgf gsu hujl `o`ko{gdlf }o`lnl`lf
`ofjoflg }eqgqg }ofoigsg) ufsud `o`kocldlf }ofoigsglf so{clnuiu wlfj soiln
cgildudlf& Ko{gdus gfg koko{l}l nlqgi }ofoigsglf so{clnuiu&
<& @unl``lc Lro{{eoq Blcilf clil` qd{g}qgfwl wlfj ko{hucui
’Lfligqgq ]esofqg ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g cg ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj ]o{geco
;==3-;==7 .Lfligqgq Iealsgef \uesgofs clf Qngbs Qnl{o'‐) `ofhoilqdlf
sofslfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu qoase{ }o{odefe`glf wlfj so{hlcg cg
qulsu zgilwln ldlf ko{cl`}ld so{nlcl} }o{su`kunlf qoal{l Flqgefli&
]o{sl`klnlf }ofcl}lslf wlfj cgl`kgi qliln qlsufwl lcliln
}o{sl`klnlf ]ofcl}lslf Ce`oqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K' qulsu clo{ln
wlfj `o`gigdg 7 qodse{ usl`l) wlgsu8 .<' }o{slfglf4 .;' }o{sl`klfjlf clf
}ofjjliglf4 .1' gfcuqs{w }ofjeilnlf4 .3' igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{ `gfu`4 .?'
klfjuflf clf defqs{udqg4 .2' }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) clf {oqse{lf4 .:'
lfjduslf clf de`ufgdlqg4 .>' klfd clf io`kljl doulfjlf ilgffwl4 .7'
hlql-hlql&
Clsl wlfj cg}o{jufldlf lcliln clsl qodufco{ ko{u}l ]C[K ]{ergfqg
Il`}ufj lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cofjlf qoase{ odefe`g wlfj }ligfj
ce g̀flf lcliln qoase{ }o{slfglf wlfj `o g̀igdg qukqoase{ wlgsu8 .<'
Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]lfjlf) .;' Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]o{dokuflf) .1'
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Qukqodse{ ]oso{fldlf clf nlqgi-nlqgifwl) .3' Qukqodse{ Donuslflf clf
]o{ku{ulf) clf .?' Qukqodse{ ]o{gdlflf&
Nlqgi }ofoigsglffwl `ofo`udlf klnzl so{cl}ls qukqoase{ ufjjuilf wlfj
cl}ls cgghlcgdlf de`ecgslq odq}e{ clf hujl wlfj `ofjlil`g
}o{su`kunlf ao}ls) wlgsu qukqoase{ }o{dokuflf wlfj `ofhlcg }esofqg
ufjjuilf cl{g ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj zlilu}uf `lqgn cg klzln cl{g
Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]lfjlf ldlf qu`klfjlffwl so{nlcl} ]C[K Qodse{
]o{slfglf sosl}g `o`kudsgdlf klnzl Qukqodse{ ]o{dokuflf lcliln qlsu-
qlsufwl Qukqodse{ wlfj cl}ls ko{qlgfj cofjlf Qukqodse{ ilgffwl clil`
qu`klfjlf so{nlcl} Flqgefli& Clf Qukqodse{ ilgffwl `lqgn ko{}esofqg
ufsud cgsgfjdlsdlf cg clil` ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj qofcg{g&
;& Xunlg{lf W& Wuflf clil` hu{flifwl wlfj ko{hucui ’Lfligqgq
]ofofsulf Qodse{ _fjjuilf ]o{odefe`glf Zgilwln Desl`lcwl
Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf Cofjlf ]ofcodlslf Qodse{ ]o`kofsud ]C[K‐)
suhulf cl{g }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln }o`oalnlf `lqliln cofjlf }o{iu lclfwl
do`l`}ulf cg kgclfj odefe g̀ cg clo{ln lfligqgq) cofjlf }e}uilqg
lcliln ]C[K qodse{li desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf clf ]{e}gfqg Klfsof wlfj
cgngsufj ko{clql{dlf nl{jl defqslf slnuf ;===& Clsl wlfj cgjufldlf
`o{u}ldlf clsl qodufco{) cofjlf `ofjjufldlf `oseco lfligqgq wlgsu
Lfligqgq Iealsgef \uesgofs .I\' qo{sl Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o&
]ofoigsglf wlfj cgildudlf `ofwg`}uidlf klnzl qoase{ klfd4 doulfjlf4
}o{uqlnllf `o{u}ldlf qoase{ klqgq wlfj `o`gigdg gfcodq so{koql{
cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf qoase{ klqgq ilgffwl clf `o`ko{gdlf fgilg
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qu`klfjlf so{sgfjjg clil` }o{do`klfjlf ]C[K desl Slfjo{lfj
Qoilslf& Qodse{ klqgq ilgffwl wlfj sgcld dliln }ofsgfj cofjlf dosgjl
qoase{ klqgq cg lslq lcliln qoase{ }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) {oqse{lf4 qoase{
}ofjlfjduslf clf de`ufgdlqg4 clf qoase{ igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{ ko{qgn&
Qoilgf gsu doofl` qoase{ so{qokus hujl `o{u}ldlf qoase{ klqgq odefe`g
wlfj ko{}esofqg `ofgfjdlsdlf }o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ zgilwln desl
Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf dl{ofl `o`gigdg fgilg I\ iokgn cl{g qlsu&
Nlqgi lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o `ofufhuddlf klnzl qoase{ wlfj `o{u}ldlf
qoase{ de`}osgsgb) wlgsu qoase{ klfjuflf4 clf qoase{ }ofjlfjduslf clf
de`ufgdlqg&
1& G{`lf clf Blan{gxli Klan{g clil` hu{flifwl wlfj ko{hucui
’Lfligqgq ]esofqg Qodse{li Dlku}lsof Ilnls ]{ergfqg Qu`lso{l Qoilslf‐&
Suhulf }ofoigsglf lcliln ufsud `ofjoslnug qoase{-qodse{ odefe`g wlfj
}esofqgli ufsud cgdo`klfjdlf jufl `o`lau }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg
Dlku}lsof Ilnls4 `ofojslnug }ofjl{un qoase{-qodse{ wlfj }esofqgli
so{qokus so{nlcl} }ofag}sllf doqo`}lslf do{hl4 `ofjoslnug koql{fwl
fgilg GAE[ Dlku}lsof Ilnls& Clsl qodufco{ qokljlg clsl wlfj
cgjufldlf clil` }ofoigsglffwl) cg `lfl clsl so{qokus cg}o{eion cl{g
gfqslfqg so{dlgs qo}o{sg Klclf ]uqls Qslsgqsgd) Dlfse{ Qslsgqsgd) Klfd
Gfcefoqgl) clf qu`ko{ ilgffwl wlfj ko{dlgslf cofjlf }ofoigsglf& Clsl
cglfligqgq `oiliug `oseco8 <' I\) ;' Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o) 1' Aekk-
Ceujilq) 3' Lfligqgq GAE[&
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]o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ cg desl ]lio k̀lfj klfwld cgsofsudlf eion
flqgefli qnl{o&
?& Zlig G& @efcli) cofjlf }ofoigsgffwl wlfj ko{hucui ’Lf Lfliwqgq
eb sno gfcuqs{gli coroie}`ofs }esofqgli eb @lilwqgl8 L qngbs qnl{o
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}ofoigsglf wlfj `ofufhuddlf klnzl @lilwqgl `o`}ufwlg qoase{ klqgq cg
zgilwln Dilfslf) So{ofjlffu) ]lnefj clf Henl{ _sl{l cg `lfl do o`}ls
zgilwln so{qokus `o`}ufwlg `g~ gfcuqs{w wlfj ufgd cgklfcgfjdlf
cofjlf zgilwln ilgffwl wlfj lcl cg @lilwqgl) nli so{qokus cgcudufj
cofjlf dodlwllf lil`fwl wlfj `oig`}ln& ]lcl qo`oflfhufj @lilwqgl
dlwl ldlf qoase{ }o{slfglf clf qoase{ }o{gdlflf) qoilgf gsu defs{gkuqg
qoase{ }l{gzgqlsl `o`gigdg }o{lflf }ofsgfj clil` }o{odefe`glf
@lilwqgl&
Qoal{l iofjdl} }ofoigsglf so{clnuiu cl}ls cgignls clil` slkoi ;&< ko{gdus8
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Fe ]ofoigsg Lils Lfligqgq Nlqgi ]ofoigsglf< @unl``lc Lro{{eoq Blcilf
.;=<<'
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hujl wlfj `ofjlil`g
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Slfl`lf ]lfjlf ldlf
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clf qoase{ igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{
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clf qoase{ doulfjlf) }o{qozllf
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]o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg desl
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[ojgefli K{use lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cgjufldlf ufsud `ofjoslnug qs{udsu{
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qulsu clo{ln lcliln cofjlf `ofjoslnug clo{ln `lfl wlfj `o`}ufwlg
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@oseco }ofoigsglf `o{u}ldlf qulsu al{l kljlg`lfl u{uslf }ofoigsglf
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@oseco }ofju`}uilf clsl `ofhlcg qlfjls }ofsgfj dl{ofl cg}o{iudlf
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<& _fsud `ofjoslnug clf `ofjjeiefjdlf lfsl{l qoase{ klqgq clf fef
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;& _fsud `ofjoslnug }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{ odefe`g wlfj so{hlcg }lcl
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zgilwln sgfjjg }o{su`kunlffwl cofjlf il`kls lslu klndlf
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sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl 6=' dl{ofl cg zgilwln sgfjjg }o{su`kunlffwl
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7/23/2019 Potensi Ekonomi TangSel(Tugas PI)
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- Sg}eiejg RGGG 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ fef klqgq cofjlf I\
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32
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7/23/2019 Potensi Ekonomi TangSel(Tugas PI)
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<& Ilhu }o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ lcliln doflgdlf ]C[K slf}l
`o`lfclfj l}ldln doflgdlf gsu iokgn koql{ lslu iokgn doagi
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odefe`g ko{ildu lslu sgcld& Ilhu }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cgudu{
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;& Qodse{ odefe g̀ lcliln il}lfjlf uqlnl wlfj so{cl}ls }lcl
]C[K) wlfj `ofaldu} 7 .Qo`kgilf' qodse{&
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