kuliah farmako
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PENDAHULUAN
FARMAKOLOGI
dr. Dita Hasni, M.Biomed
setiap bahan kimia atau zat biologis,
sintetik atau non-sintetik
yang mempengaruhi kondisi biologis
sel didalam makhluk hidup
•Diagnosis
•Pencegahan penyakit
•Pengobatan (treatment)
•Menentukan prognosis
Overview
Farmakokinetik
Farmakodinamik
Hubungan Dosis-efek Obat
Interaksi Obat
Topik pembahasan
Pharmacokinetics
Movement of drugs in the body
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Drug administration
Pharmacokinetics
Bioavailabilitas
mempengaruhi daya terapeutik,
aktivitas klinik, dan aktivitas toksik obat.
Kecepatan dan Jumlah
zat aktif obat yang
diserap dari bentuk farmaseutik dan
tersedia di tempat kerja nya.plasma
Time (hour)
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4
m.s.c
Therapeutic level
Low therapy
Drug toxicity
m.e.c
Parameter yang digunakan
untuk menentukan
bioavailabilitas obat
T max
C max
Area dibawah Kurva
(AUC)
waktu yang
diperlukan untuk
mencapai kadar
puncak kadar puncak/tertinggi
obat dalam darah
sesungguhnya
Diperoleh dari
hubungan
konsentrasi obat
dalam plasma
dengan waktu
Memberikan ukuran jumlah
obat yang diserap
Grafik kadar obat-waktu pada
berbagai rute pemberian obat
Drug Time Course
Time Course Studies important for
predicting dosages/dosing intervals
maintaining therapeutic levels
determining time to elimination
Elimination Half-Life
time required for drug blood levels to be reduced by 50%
Approx. 6 half-lives to eliminate drug from body
With repeated regular interval dosing, steady-state
concentration reached in approx. 6 x half-life
Pharmacodinamic
The study of the action and effects of
medications on physiologic function
How drug act ?
Paul Ehrlich :
Corpora non agunt nisi fixata
A drug will not work
Unless it is bound
Kecuali : - osmotic diuretic- osmotic purgatives- antasida- heavy metal chelating agents
Drug-Receptor Interactions
Drug
Receptor
Effect
Drug-Receptor
Complex
Ligand-binding
domain
Effector domain
Pharmacodynamics
• Number of drug’s receptor
• Receptor affinity
DOSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
The intensity and duration of a drug’s effects
are a function of the drug dose and
drug concentration at the effect site
Dose EffectEffect site
Concentration
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excreation
Tissue/organ sensitivity
(receptor status)
DOSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
TD50 : the dose of the drug that produces
a toxic effect in half the population
ED50: the dose of the drug that produces
a therapeutic or desired response in half the population
LD50: the dose of the drug that produces
a lethal effect in half of animal experiments
Definition of the dose
Interaksi Obat
Interaksi fisikokimia
Interaksi farmakokinetik
Interaksifarmakodinamik
TERIMAKASIH
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