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INTRODUCTION OF

COMP. ARCH & ORG

Danang Wahyu Utomo

danang.wu@dsn.dinus.ac.id

+6285 740 955 623

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Kontrak Kuliah

Tugas : 40% ???

UAS : 30% ???

UTS : 30% ???

Toleransi Keterlambatan : 20 menit

- Punishment : Review Materi sebelumnya min 2 hal. Folio

Tugas UTS UAS

>90 >80 >80

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RENCANA KEGIATAN PERKULIAHAN SEMESTER

W Pokok Bahasan

1 Organisasi dan ArsitekturKomputer

2 Sistem Komputer

3 Instruction Set Architecture and Design4

5 Computer Arithmetic

6

7 Review Materi 1-6

8 Ujian Tengah Semester

W Pokok Bahasan

9Desain Unit Pemrosesan

10

11 Desain Sistem Memory

12

13 Desain dan Organisasi InputOutput14

15 Teknik Desain Pipelining

16 Ujian Akhir Semester

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Reference

Mustafa Abd-el-Bhar, Hesham El Rewini – Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture 9th

Edition (2004)

William Stallings – Computer Organization and Architecture Designing For Performance 9th

Edition (2013)

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Content

History of Computer Organization and Architecture

Component (Main) of System

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Introduction

What is Computer ?

An electronic device that can :

accept data (input), process the input to useful information (process), according to a set of instructions,store the instructions and the results of processing(storage), and produce the information (output).

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Architecture & Organization

Architecture is those visible to the programmer

instruction set,

number of bits used for data representation,

addressing techniques,

I/O mechanisms

e.g : Is there a multiply instruction?

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Architecture & Organization

Organization is how features are implemented

Control signals,

interfaces,

memory technology.

e.g : Is there a hardware multiply unit?

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Structure & Function

Structure is the way in which components relate to each other

Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

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Structure – TOP LEVEL

Computer

Main

Memory

Input

Output

Systems

Interconnection

Peripherals

Communication

lines

Central

Processing

Unit

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Structure – TOP LEVEL

a computer consists of four main structural components, which are:

Central processing unit (CPU) – referred as processor, perform data processing and control the operation of the computer

Main memory – stores data

I/O – move data between the computer and its external environment

System interconnection - provides communication among CPU, main memory and I/O

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Structure – THE CPU

Computer Arithmetic

and

Logic Unit

Control

Unit

Internal CPU

Interconnection

Registers

CPU

I/O

Memory

System

Bus

CPU

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Structure – THE CPU

The CPU itself consists of several components such as:

registers – provides storage internal to the CPU

arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) – perform data processing function

control unit – control the operation of CPU

internal CPU interconnection – provides communication among ALU, registers and control unit

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Function

Data processing

Data storage (long term data storage function and short term data storage function)

Data movement (movement between computer and peripheral known as input / output (I/O), movement over longer distances known as data communication)

Control

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Functional View

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Data Movement

Transferring data from one peripheralOr communication line to another

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Data Storage

Data transferred from the externalenvironment to computer storage(read) or vice versa (write)

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Processing From/To Storage

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Processing From Storage to I/O

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Traditional - Calculate Tool

Abacus (Cina)

Abacus (Roman)

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Traditional - Calculate Tool

Abacus (Japan)

Abacus (Russian)

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Traditional - Calculate Tool

Abacus (School)

Abacus Binary

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History & Computer Evolution

First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

Fourth Generation

Fifth Generation

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First Generation

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First Generation

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

- John Mauchly and John Eckert, proposed to build a general purpose computer using Vacuum Tubes

- Started 1943 and finished 1946

- Used until 1955

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First Generation

ENIAC – detail

- Decimal

- 20 accumulator of digits

- Program manually by switches

- 18,000 vacuum tubes

- 30 tons

- 15,000 square feet

- 140 kW power consumption

- 5000 additions per second

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First Generation

Von Neumann / Alan Turing

- Princeton Institute for Advance Studies (IAS)

- Store program concept

- Main memory

- Arithmetic Logic Unit

- Control Unit

- Input / Output equipment

- Completed in 1952

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First Generation

Store Program Concept ???

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Architecture of Von Neumann

Computer designs are based on John Von Neumann

Data and instruction are stored in a single read memory

Execution occurs in a sequential fashion from one instruction to the next

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Structure of The IAS Computer

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Structure of The IAS Computer

Main memory storing program and data

ALU operating on binary data

Control Unit interpreting instructions from memory and executing

I/O equipment operated by Control Unit

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Second Generation

Transistor

- Replaced vacuum tubes

- Smaller

- Cheaper

- Less heat dissipation

- Solid state device

- Invented 1947 at Bell Labs

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Second Generation

1947 Eckert – Mauchly Computer Corporation

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)

US Bureau of Census 1950 calculation

Ex ;

IBM 701

IBM 702

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Second Generation

IBM 701

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Second Generation

IBM 702

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Third Generation

Small scale integration circuits (100 transistor on chips)

Integrated Circuit

Bus structure

Ex :

- IBM 360

- DEC PDP - 8

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Fourth Generation

Microprocessor

Small

Portable

Reliable

GUI

Ex :

- DEC VAX

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Fourth Generation

DEC VAX

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Fifth Generation

Artificial Intelligence (Present - …)

Characteristic :

- Mega chips

- Parallel processing

- Artificial Intelligence

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Fifth Generation

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The Evolution Of Computer

History

First Generation • Using vacuum tube technology• Produce more heat• Easy to break down• Difficult to identify the problem whenever the computer becomes malfunction• Expensive• Data Processing not accurate

Second Generation • Using transistor• Small size• Low power usage• More efficient• Easy to use• Cheapest• Assembly Language

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The Evolution Of Computer

History

Third Generation • Using Integrated Circuit• Start implement multiprogramming concept and time

sharing• Small size• Low power usage• More efficient• BASIC, PASCAL

Fourth Generation • Using Microprocessor•Using LSI technology (Large Scale Integration)• Main memory becomes more efficient, faster, and large

Fifth Generation • More sophisticated• Cheapest• Faster• have ability to see, listen, talk, think like human• Have AI

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TERIMA KASIH