desain kerja dan produktivitas -...

P K E - T I P U B 2 0 1 5

DESAIN KERJA DAN PRODUKTIVITAS

MATERI PERKULIAHAN

• Dosen Pengampu : RLS dan SAM

Pertem

uan UTS

Pertemu

an UAS

1 Desain Kerja dan

Produktivitas 8 Konsep Dasar Ergonomi

2 Telaah Metode 9 Sistem Manusia Mesin

3 Studi Gerakan 10 Desain Stasiun Kerja

4 Peta Kerja 1 11 Antropometri

5 Peta Kerja 2 12 Beban dan Kelelahan Kerja

6 Studi Waktu 1 13 Lingkungan Fisik Kerja

7 Studi Waktu 2 14 Display

UTS UAS

NILAI DAN PERATURAN

• Nilai akhir : SAM (35%), RLS (35%), praktikum (30%)

• Nilai RLS : Tugas 30%, Kuis 20%, UTS 50%

• 15 menit keterlambatan

• Semua HP dan sejenisnya mohon silent/non-aktif

• Silakan minum dan makan sewajarnya

• Kuis tidak akan diberitahukan sebelumnya

• Izin : sakit dan keluarga dengan surat

• Nilai UTS akan diinformasikan melalui blog

• Semua pertanyaan tentang nilai UTS dilayani 1 minggu setelah

tanggal pengumuman di blog

• Ketua kelas ?

DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?

DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?

DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?

• Sejarah dimulai pada Perang Dunia II ketika pakar psikologi,

fisiologi, antropologi, dokter, insinyur mulai menggabungkan

teknologi dan ilmu manusia bersama.

• Ergonomi : studi tentang interaksi manusia dan mesin dan faktor

yang mempengaruhi interaksi (Bridger, 2003).

• Ergonom : dari kata Yunani ergon (kerja) dan nomos (hukum)

(Dul and Weerdmeester, 2008).

• Ergonomics ~ Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE)

• Perancangan/desain kerja : studi prinsip dan teknik untuk

menghasilkan desain kerja terbaik (manusia, material, lingkungan)

efektif, efisien, produktif

DESAIN KERJA ? ERGONOMI ?

Tujuan utama ergonomi dan desain kerja : Untuk

mencapai produktivitas optimal, sekaligus memperhatikan

kesehatan dan keamanan kerja

Ergonomi merupakan

penyebab kecelakaan

kerja terbesar

LINGKUP PERANCANGAN KERJA DAN ERGONOMI

LINGKUP

UTAMA

ERGONOMI

Interaksi antara

manusia, mesin,

dan lingkungan

LINGKUP

UMUM

ERGONOMI

Konsumen,

pengembangan

produk, dsb.

DESAIN KERJA DAN LINGKUP ERGONOMI

HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT

- Temperature and Climate

- Psychology and Workload

- Control System

- Display System

- Noise and Light

- Display and Tools Optimation

- Material Handling

- Energy Consumption

- Sit Position and Design Concept

- Workplace Design

- Anthropometry

- Work Design and Biomechanic

- Neural System and EMG

- Physiologycal System

HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT

Interaction Evaluation

H > M : control actions by the

human on the machine

Anatomical : cycle time, posture

Physiological : work rate/work

load, fatigue

Psychological : mental workload

H > E : effects of the human on

the environment

Physical : working environment,

standards

M > H : feedback from the

machine

Anatomical : design

Physical : vibration, noise

Physiological : heat

Psychological : meet user

expectations

M > E : machines may alter

environment

Mainly by industrial/site

engineers and industrial

hygienists

E > H : the environment may

influence the human

Physical/physiological : noise,

temperature, lighting

E > M : the environment may

affect the machine

Industrial/site engineers,

maintenance, facilities

management

Anatomical : Posture analysis with

REBA

HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT

Physiological : Body temperature

and Heart rate Interaction Evaluation

H > M : control actions by the

human on the machine

Anatomical : cycle time, posture

Physiological : work rate/work

load, fatigue

Psychological : mental workload

H > E : effects of the human on

the environment

Physical : working environment,

standards

M > H : feedback from the

machine

Anatomical : design

Physical : vibration, noise

Physiological : heat

Psychological : meet user

expectations

M > E : machines may alter

environment

Mainly by industrial/site

engineers and industrial

hygienists

E > H : the environment may

influence the human

Physical/physiological : noise,

temperature, lighting

E > M : the environment may

affect the machine

Industrial/site engineers,

maintenance, facilities

management

HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT

Physical : Environment

temperature, dust, oxygen Interaction Evaluation

H > M : control actions by the

human on the machine

Anatomical : cycle time, posture

Physiological : work rate/work

load, fatigue

Psychological : mental workload

H > E : effects of the human on

the environment

Physical : working environment,

standards

M > H : feedback from the

machine

Anatomical : design

Physical : vibration, noise

Physiological : heat

Psychological : meet user

expectations

M > E : machines may alter

environment

Mainly by industrial/site

engineers and industrial

hygienists

E > H : the environment may

influence the human

Physical/physiological : noise,

temperature, lighting

E > M : the environment may

affect the machine

Industrial/site engineers,

maintenance, facilities

management

HUMAN, MACHINE, AND ENVIRONMENT

Psychological : drowsiness, blink

rate

Site/industrial engineering

Interaction Evaluation

H > M : control actions by the

human on the machine

Anatomical : cycle time, posture

Physiological : work rate/work

load, fatigue

Psychological : mental workload

H > E : effects of the human on

the environment

Physical : working environment,

standards

M > H : feedback from the

machine

Anatomical : design

Physical : vibration, noise

Physiological : heat

Psychological : meet user

expectations

M > E : machines may alter

environment

Mainly by industrial/site

engineers and industrial

hygienists

E > H : the environment may

influence the human

Physical/physiological : noise,

temperature, lighting

E > M : the environment may

affect the machine

Industrial/site engineers,

maintenance, facilities

management

WORK PRODUCTIVITY

• Effective ? Efficient ? Productive ?

• Example : An output standard for a worker to do a job is 250 units in

5 hours (50units/hour). Because of a method mistake, on day A the

worker could only finished 200 units in 5 hours. But on day B, the

worker was so determined that he could finished 250 units in 4

hours.

• Effectivity (units on day A) : 200/250 = 80% degree of

accomplishment (doing the right things)

• Efficiency (time on day B) : (5-4)/5 = 20% inputs usage to

produce standardized outputs (doing things right)

• Productivity (units/hour on day B) : 250/4 = 62.5 units/hour ratio

of outputs to inputs

WORK PRODUCTIVITY

FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS

• Technical factors : work method, work environment,

tools/machines, materials

• Human factors : ability, skill, motivation

• Management factors : wage, treatment, awards and punishment

PRODUKTIVITAS DAN BIAYA

WORK SPEED AND ERROR

1. Two factors as productivity

input :

- Amount/number of outputs

achieved

- Time needed to complete a

job/task

2. Productivity rate increase

must consider quality control

of the product.

Work speed and error are

generally correlated, considering

: age, experience, ability

WHAT IS WORK DESIGN AND ERGONOMICS ?

• “The science of matching the job to the worker, and the product to the

user”

• “The scientific study of human work”

• “Fitting the task/job to the human”

Worker ? User/customer ?

W O R K D E S I G N A N D E R G O N O M I C S

THANK YOU