daftar isirepo.itera.ac.id/assets/file_upload/sb1911150001/peg0078... · 2019. 11. 15. · x 2.2....

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. i

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ............................................... ii

HALAMAN PENYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ........................... iii

TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ............................. iii

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... v

RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... i

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang....................................................................................... 1

1.2. Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 2

1.3. Batasan Masalah .................................................................................... 2

1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................... 3

1.5. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................. 3

1.6. Perangkat Lunak .................................................................................... 3

1.7. Sistematika Penyusunan ......................................................................... 4

BAB II TEORI DASAR ..................................................................................... 5

2.1. Hiposenter ............................................................................................. 5

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2.2. Metode Grafis ........................................................................................ 5

2.2.1. Metode Wadati ............................................................................... 5

2.2.2. Metode Lingkaran........................................................................... 7

2.3. Penentuan Hiposenter dengan Pendekatan Linier ................................... 8

2.3.1. Metode Geiger ................................................................................ 8

2.4. Penentuan Hiposenter dengan Pendekatan Non-Linier ......................... 10

2.4.1. Grid Search .................................................................................. 10

2.4.2. Metropolis .................................................................................... 11

2.4.3. Oct-Tree ....................................................................................... 12

BAB III GEOLOGI DAN TEKTONIK .......................................................... 16

3.1. Geologi Pulau Maluku ......................................................................... 16

3.2. Fisiografi ............................................................................................. 16

3.2.1. Mandala Halmahera Timur ........................................................... 16

3.2.2. Mandala Halmahera Barat............................................................. 16

3.2.3. Mandala Busur Kepulauan Gunungapi Kuarter ............................. 17

3.3. Tektonik .............................................................................................. 17

BAB IV DATA DAN METODOLOGI ........................................................... 20

4.1. Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 20

4.2. Picking Data Seismogram .................................................................... 20

4.3. Penentuan Parameter Sumber Gempa Bumi ......................................... 21

4.4. Diagram Alir........................................................................................ 24

BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 26

5.1. Hasil .................................................................................................... 26

5.2. Pembahasan ......................................................................................... 31

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BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 33

6.1. Simpulan ............................................................................................. 33

6.2. Saran ................................................................................................... 33

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 35

LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 37

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 5.1 Parameter sumber gempa bumi……………………………………….27

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Lokasi daerah penelitian………………………………………...….2

Gambar 2.1 Gambaran titik Hiposenter (F) dengan kedalaman (h), jarak episenter

(∆) dan jarak Hiposenter (D). S adalah stasiun pengamatan dan E

adalah titik Episenter ....…………………….……...………….……5

Gambar 2.2 Contoh diagram Wadati ..……………………………..……...……..6

Gambar 2.3 Metode lingkaran penentuan hiposenter……………………..…..….7

Gambar 2.4 Visualisasi metode Geiger………………………..…………..…..…9

Gambar 2.5 Gambaran metode Oct-tree ……….…...…..……………...…...…..14

Gambar 2.6 Ilustrasi dari travel time grid model dan data pengamatan dimana

event direkam menggunakan stasiun seismometer (Tobs) ke lokasi

sumber gempa (hiposenter) pada oct-tree……………….….….…..15

Gambar 3.1 Fisiografi Regional Pulau Halmahera…………………...……...…..17

Gambar 3.2 Tektonik Regional Indonesia Timur…………………………….….18

Gambar 3.3 Visualisai Cross Section Laut Maluku………………………….….19

Gambar4.1 Contoh picking waktu tiba gelombang P dan S pada aplikasi

Seisgram2k70……………………………………………………....20

Gambar 4.2 Contoh diagram Wadati dari salah satu sampel event gempa……....21

Gambar 4.3 Model kecepatan gelombang P (Jannah, dkk., 2013) dan kecepatan

gelombang S yang digunakan………………………………............22

Gambar 4.4 Diagram alir untuk tiga langkah pada Nonlinloc7.00 (Lomax, dkk,.

2000) dengan tiga langkah (Vel2Grid, Grid2Time,

Nlloc)………………………………………………………............24

Gambar 4.5 Diagram alir dari anilis hiposenter dengan inversi nonlinier Oct-tree

dengan sampel gempa lokal menggunakan Nonlinloc7.00 (Lomax

dkk., 2000) ……………………...……………………………….....25

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Gambar 5.1 Peta seismisitas daerah penelitian……………………………….....27

Gambar 5.2 Histogram error RMS……………………………………………...27

Gambar 5.3 Visualisai berdasarkan kedalaman pada titik A ke A’………...…...28