community dyagnosis

Community Diagnosis

Definition of a “Community”

• Sekelompok orang dengan setidaknya satu karakteristik umum (lokasi geografis, pekerjaan, etnis, kondisi rumah ... ...)Sekelompok orang dengan karakteristik umum atau kepentingan hidup bersama dalammasyarakat yang lebih besar

Community

• Sebuah komunitas adalah entitas keseluruhan yang berfungsi karena interdependensibagian atau subsistem. Delapan subsistem inti ditambah masyarakat diidentifikasi.

Community Core

1. Community core: history, socio-demographic characteristics, vital statistics, values/beliefs/religions.core

Eight Subsystems

2. Eight subsystems: • Physical environment• Education• Safety and transportation• Politics and government• Health and social services• Communication• Economics• recreation

Definition of Community Diagnosis

• Diagnosis masyarakat umumnya mengacu pada identifikasi dan kuantifikasi masalah kesehatan di masyarakat secara keseluruhan dalam hal kematian dan tingkat morbiditasdan rasio, dan identifikasi berkorelasi mereka untuk tujuan mendefinisikan mereka yang berisiko atau mereka yang membutuhkan perawatan kesehatan.

The Community Diagnosis Process

• "Sebuah cara memeriksa statistik agregat dan sosial di samping pengetahuan tentangsituasi lokal, dalam rangka untuk menentukan kebutuhan kesehatan masyarakat"

Komponen diagnosa komunitas

• Aspek Demografi• Mortalitas dan Morbiditas• Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kes.• Pola Gizi• Keadaan Komunitas: Kebudayaan, strata sosial

ekonomi• Kepemimpinan dan komunikasi• Linhkungan Hidup

Komponen lanj.

• Kesehatan Mental: sebap-sebap stress• Pengetahuan dan perilaku• Analisa Epidewmiologi• Peran serta masyarakat

Goal• Misi diagnosis komunitas adalah untuk:

Menganalisis status kesehatan masyarakatMengevaluasi sumber daya kesehatan, pelayanan, dan sistem perawatan dalam masyarakatMenilai sikap terhadap pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat dan isu-isuMengidentifikasi prioritas, menetapkan tujuan, dan menentukan arah tindakan untuk meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakatMembentuk dasar epidemiologi untuk mengukur perbaikan dari waktu ke waktu.

•

•How is the community diagnosed?

Community Analysis

• Analisis masyarakat adalah proses memeriksa data untuk menentukan kekuatankebutuhan, hambatan, peluang, kesiapan, dan sumber daya. Produk dari analisis adalah"profil komunitas".

Community Analysis (cont.)

• To analyze assessment data is helpful to categorize the data. This may be done as following:

– Demographic– Environmental– Socioeconomic – Health resources and services– Health policies– Study of target groups.

• Community is diagnosed using:

Health Indicators

Indicators of health are variables used for

the assessment of community health.

Characteristics of Indicators:• a. should be valid, i.e., they should actually measure what they are

supposed to measure;

• b. should be reliable and objective, i.e., the answers should be the same if measured by different people in similar circumstances;

• c. should be sensitive, i.e., they should be sensitive to changes in the situation concerned,

• d. should be specific, i.e., they should reflect changes only in the situation concerned,

• e. should be feasible, i.e., they should have the ability to obtain data needed, and;

• f. should be relevant, i.e., they should contribute to theunderstanding of the phenomenon of interest.

Classification of health Indicators

• kematian indikatormorbiditas indikatorcacat tingkatIndikator status giziPemberian perawatan indikator kesehatanpemanfaatan tingkat

• Indikator kesehatan sosial dan mentalindikator lingkunganIndikator sosial ekonomiIndikator kebijakan kesehatanIndikator kualitas hidupindikator lain

Mortality Indicatorskematian Tarif- Para tradisional ukuran status kesehatan.Banyak digunakan karena ketersediaan siap mereka (sertifikat kematian merupakan persyaratan hukum di banyak negara).Minyak mentah angka kematianAngka kematian spesifik: usia / penyakitHarapan hidupAngka kematian bayiAngka kematian ibuProporsional rasio kematianCase Fatality tingkat

Morbidity IndicatorsMorbidity Indicators

morbiditas tingkat    - Data morbiditas lebih baik, meskipun sering sulit untuk mendapatkan.

Insidensi dan prevalensipemberitahuan tingkatKehadiran tarif: keluar-pasien klinik atau pusat kesehatan.Masuk dan debit tingkatDurasi tinggal di rumah sakit tingkat

Disability IndicatorsDisability Indicators

Disability ratesDisability rates Jumlah hari kegiatan terbatasBed kecacatan hariBekerja / Sekolah hilangnya hari dalam jangka waktu tertentu.Harapan hidup bebas dari cacat

Nutritional IndicatorsNutritional Indicators

Nutritional Status Nutritional Status IndicatorsIndicators

- It is an indicator of positive health- It is an indicator of positive health

pengukuran antropometriTinggi anak-anak masuk sekolah diPrevalensi berat badan lahir rendahKlinis survei: Anemia,Hipotiroidisme, Nightblindness

Health Care Delivery IndicatorsHealth Care Delivery Indicators

Health Care Delivery Health Care Delivery IndicatorsIndicators

- Reflect the Equity / Provision of - Reflect the Equity / Provision of health carehealth care

Doctor / Population ratioDoctor / Population ratio Doctor / Nurse ratioDoctor / Nurse ratio Population / Bed ratioPopulation / Bed ratio Population / per health centerPopulation / per health center

Utilization IndicatorsUtilization Indicators Health care utilization RatesHealth care utilization Rates- - Extent of use of health servicesExtent of use of health services- Proportion of people in need of service Proportion of people in need of service - who actually receive it in a given periodwho actually receive it in a given period

Proportion of infants who are fullyProportion of infants who are fully immunized in the 1immunized in the 1stst year of life. year of life. i.e..immunization coverage.i.e..immunization coverage. Proportion of pregnant women who Proportion of pregnant women who receive ANC.receive ANC. Hospital-Beds occupancy rate.Hospital-Beds occupancy rate. Hospital-Beds turn-over ratioHospital-Beds turn-over ratio

Social/Mental Health IndicatorsSocial/Mental Health Indicators

Indicators of Social and Indicators of Social and Mental HealthMental Health

- Valid positive indicators does not often - Valid positive indicators does not often existexist

- Indirect measures are commonly used- Indirect measures are commonly used

Suicide & Homicide ratesSuicide & Homicide rates Road traffic accidentsRoad traffic accidents Alcohol and drug abuse.Alcohol and drug abuse.

Environmental IndicatorsEnvironmental Indicators Environmental health IndicatorsEnvironmental health Indicators - Reflect the quality of environment- Reflect the quality of environment

Measures of PollutionMeasures of Pollution The proportion of people The proportion of people

having access to safe water having access to safe water and sanitation facilitiesand sanitation facilities

Vectors densityVectors density

Socio-economic IndicatorsSocio-economic Indicators Socio-economic Socio-economic

IndicatorsIndicators - Is not a direct measure of health - Is not a direct measure of health

status.status. - For interpretation of health care - For interpretation of health care

indicators.indicators.

Rate of population increaseRate of population increase Per capita GNPPer capita GNP Level of unemploymentLevel of unemployment Literacy rates - femalesLiteracy rates - females Family sizeFamily size Housing condition e.g. No. of Housing condition e.g. No. of

persons per roompersons per room

Health Policy IndicatorsHealth Policy Indicators

Health Policy IndicatorsHealth Policy Indicators - - Allocation of adequate resources.Allocation of adequate resources.

Proportion of GNP spent on Proportion of GNP spent on health services.health services.

Proportion of GNP spent on Proportion of GNP spent on health related activities.health related activities.

Proportion of total health Proportion of total health resources devoted to primary resources devoted to primary health carehealth care

Other IndicatorsOther Indicators

Other health Other health indicatorsindicators

Indicators of quality of life.Indicators of quality of life. Basic needs indicators.Basic needs indicators. Health for all indicators.Health for all indicators.

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