A K I B A T H U K U M P E R K A W I N A N S E R T A P R O S E S P E M B A G I A N

H A R T A W A R I S A N PADA M A S Y A R A K A T D E S A M U A R A L A M A

K E C A M A T A N M U A R A R U P I T K A B U P A T E N M U S I R A W A S

S K R I P S I

Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Menempuh Ujian

Sarjana Hukum

Oleh

Niko A l Al i f 50 2005 078

U N I V E R S I T A S M U H A M M A D I Y A H P A L E M B A N G F A K U L T A S H U K U M

2009

PERSETUJUAN UNTUK UJIAN K O M P R E H E N S I F

Judul Skripsi : A K I B A T HUKUM PERKAWINAN S E R T A PROSES PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARISAN PADA MASYARAKAT DESA MUARA LAMA K E C A M A T A N MUARA RUPIT K A B U P A T E N MUSI RAWAS

Nama Nim / Nirm Program Studi Program Kekhususan

Pembimbing :

Atika Ismail, SH, MH.

Niko Al Alif 50 2005 078 Dmu Hukum Hukum Bisnis

Palembang, Juni 2009

P E R S E T U J U A N DAN PENGESAHAN

Judul Skripsi : A K I B A T H U K U M PERKAWINAN S E R T A PROSES PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARISAN PADA M A S Y A R A K A T DESA MUARA LAMA K E C A M A T A N MUARA RUPIT KABUPATEN MUSIRAWAS

Nama : Niko Al alif Nim / Nirm : 502005078 Program Studi : Bmu Hukum Program Kekhususan : Hukum Bisnis

Pembimbing :

Atika Ismail, SB,. M H

Penguji

Ketua

Anggota

Palembang,

Rosmawati, SH,.MH (

1. Yudhisthira Rusydi, SH.,M.Huiii f

2. Zulfikri Naawawi, SH <

Juli 2009

DISAHKAN O L E H F A K U L T A S H U K U M

ITAS MUHAMMADIYAH P A L E M B A N G

SALIA, S H , M H )

ii

"Jify f(fiMu menyata^n sesuatu ^6ajil(fin,

meiryemSuityifyMtrgi atau memaafkfin sesuatu fi§saldfian (orang

Cain), mafyACCa/ipemaaf, ma/ia ^jtasa"

(Qs.An-9fisa: 149)

70tpersem6a/il{gn t ) n t u i ( :

• AyafiandaddnlCundan^erdnta

" Saudafa-saudarali]t Tercinta

" SafiaSat-safiaBatliji

• ^ C a m a m a t e r ^

iii

Judul Skripsi : A K I B A T H U K U M P E R K A W I N A N S E R T A

P R O S E S P E M B A G I A N H A R T A W A R I S A N

PADA M A S Y A R A K A T D E S A M U A R A L A M A

K E C A M A T A N M U A R A R U P I T K A B U P A T E N

M U S I R A W A S

P e n u l i s , P e m b i m b i n g ,

N i k o A l A U i f A t i k a I s m a i l , S H , M H

A B S T R A K

Yang m e n j a d i p e r m a s a l a h a n d i d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i yaitu : 1 . B a g a i m a n a k a h a k i b a t h u k u m p e r k a w i n a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t H u k u m

a d a t d e s a m u a r a l a m a k e c a m a t a n m u a r a r u p i t k a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s ? 2 . B a g a i m a n a k a h p r o s e s p e m b a g i a n h a r t a w a r i s a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t

H u k u m a d a t d e s a m u a r a l a m a k e c a m a t a n m u a r a r u p i t k a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s ?

S e l a r a s d e n g a n t u j u a n y a n g d i m a k s u d u n t u k m e n e l u s u r i p r i n s i p -p r i n s i p h u k u m d a n s i s t e m a t i k a h u k u m , m e n g e n a i a k i b a t h u k u m p e r k a w m a n s e r t a p r o s e s p e m b a g i a n h a r t a w a r i s a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t H u k u m a d a t D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s , m a k a j e n i s p e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r s i f a t e k s p l o r a t o r i s , s e h i n g g a t i d a k p e r l u m e n g u j i h i p o t e s a . T e h n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a d i i a k u k a n m e l a l u i c a r a - c a r a s e b a g i b e r i k u t : 1 . P e n e l i t i a n K e p u s t a k a a n ( L i b r a r y Research)

D a l a m u p a y a m e m p e r o l e h d a t a s e k u n d e r d e n g a n c a r a m e n g k a j i l i t e r a t u r , p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n d a n b a h a n - b a h a n h u k u m l a i n n y a y a n g r e l e v a n d e n g a n m a t e d p e m b a h a s a n .

2 . P e n e l i t i a n L a p a n g a n ( F i e l d Research) D a l a m u p a y a m e m p e r o l e h d a t a p r i m e r , d i i a k u k a n w a w n c a r a s e c a r a l a n g s u n g d e n g a n p i h a k t e r k a i t y a i t u B a p a k A p r i l K o h a r , s e b a g a i K e p a l a D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s .

T e k n i k p e n g o l a h a n d a t a d i i a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a a n a l i s i s i s i t e r h a d a p d a t a t e k s t u a l d a n c a r a d e d u k t i f t e r h a d a p d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i l a p a n g a n u n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a d i k o n s t r u k s i k a n d a l a m s u a t u k e s i m p u l a n .

i v

B e r d a s a r k a n p e m b a h a s a n d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i p e n u l i s b e r k e s i m p u l a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t : 1 . A k i b a t h u k u m d a r i p e r k a w i n a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t h u k u m a d a t d e s a m u a r a

l a m a k e c a m a t a n m a u a r a r u p i t k a b u a p a t e n M u s i r a w a s a d a l a h b i l a s e l u r u h r a n g k a i a n p e m i k a h a n t e l a h s e l e s a i m a k a k e d u d u k a n p e n g a n t i n p e r e m p u a n h a r u s t i n g g a l a t a u m e n e t a p d i t e m p a t s u a m i n y a , b e r a r t i p e n g a n t i n p e r e m p u a n s u d a h m e n j a d i a n g g o t a k e l u a r g a l a k i - l a k i d a n a k i b a t h u k u m d a r i p e r k a w i n a n t e r s e b u t s i i s t r i d a n a n a k - a n a k n y a m e n a r i k g a r i s k e t u r u n a n s u a m i n y a d a n s i s t e m k e w a r i s a n j u g a b e r s i f a t p a t r i l i n i a l

2 . P r o s e s p e m b a g i a n h a r t a w a r i s a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t h u k u m a d a t d e s a m u a r a l a m a k e c a m a t a n m u a r a r u p i t k a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s a d a l a h y a n g d i u t a m a k a n m e n d a p a t h a r t a w a r i s a n a d a l a h a n a k l a k i - l a k i k a r e n a a n a k l a k i - l a k i s e b a g a i p e l i n d u n g d a n p e n g a y o m k e l u a r g a d a n a n a k l a k i - l a k i t e r s e b u t m e m p e r o l e h h a r t a w a r i s a n s e c a r a t u r u n - t e m u r u n d a r i o r a n g t u a n y a , s e d a n g k a n p e m b a g i a n w a r i s a n u n t u k a n a k p e r e m p u a n h a n y a m e n d a p a t w a r i s a n p a d a s a a t m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e n i k a h a n b e r u p a p e r h i a s a n d a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g u n t u k k e p e r l u a n r u m a h t a n g g a .

V

K A T A P E N G A N T A R

Assalamualaikum, wr. wb.

F u j i d a n s y u k u r p e n u l i s p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t A l l a h S W T b e s e r t a

s a l a w a t d a n s a l a m k e p a d a j u n j u n g a n k i t a N a b i b e s a r M u h a m m a d S A W ,

s e h i n g g a p e n u l i s d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i y a n g b e r j u d u l "AKIBAT

HUKUM PERKAWINAN S E R T A PROSES PEMBAGIAN HARTA

WARISAN PADA M A S Y A R A K A T DESA MUARA LAMA

K E C A M A T A N MUARA RUPIT K A B U P A T E N MUSI RAWAS" y a n g

m e r u p a k a n p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k m e n e m p u h u j i a n S a r j a n a H u k u m p a d a

F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

D a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i p e n u l i s m e n y a d a r i b a h w a m a s i h b a n y a k

k e k u r a n g a n - k e k u r a n g a n , h a l i n i d i k a r e n a k a n t e r b a t a s n y a k e m a m p u a n d a n

p e n g e t a h u a n p e n u l i s b a i k d a l a m p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a m a u p u n b a h a s a d a n c a r a

p e n y u s u n a n n y a , o l e h k a r e n a n y a s e g a l a k r i t i k d a n s a r a n d a r i p e m b a c a s a n g a t

d i h a r a p k a n d a n d i t e r i m a d e n g a n s e n a n g h a t i o l e h p e n u l i s .

D a l a m u s a h a p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i p e n u l i s b a n y a k m e n d a p a t

b a n t u a n d a r i b e r b a g a i p i h a k , k a r e n a n y a p a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i p e n u l i s

m e n g u c a p k a n r a s a t e r i m a k a s i h y a n g s e b e s a r - b e s a m y a k e p a d a :

1 . B a p a k H . M . I d r i s , S E , M . S i s e b a g a i R e k t o r U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g .

vi

2. Y t h . B a p a k E r l i S a l i a S H , M H s e l a k u D e k a n F a k u l t a s H u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g d a n s e b a g a i P e n a s e h a t

A k a d e m i k p e n u l i s .

3 . Y t h . B a p a k P e m b a n t u D e k a n I , I I , i n , r V p a d a F a k u l t a s H u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g

4 . Y t h - B ^ a k M u l y a d i , S H , M H s e l a k u K e t u a B a g i a n H u k u m

K e p e r d a t a a n F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g

5 . Y t h . I b u A t i k a I s m a i l , S H , M H s e l a k u p e m b i m b i n g s k r i p s i y a n g

t e l a h b a n y a k m e m b e r i p e t u n j u k d a n b i m b i n g a n d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n

m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i .

6 . Y t h . B a p a k d a n I b u d o s e n b e s e r t a s t a f k a r y a w a n F a k u l t a s H u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g , y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k

m e m b e r i k a n b e k a l i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n y a n g s a n g a t b e r g u n a b a g i

p e n u l i s .

7. A y a h d a n I b u t e r c i n t a s e r t a k e l a u r g a k u y a n g t e r c i n t a y a n g t e l a h

b a n y a k m e m b e r i k a n s e m a n g a t d a n d o r o n g a n s e r t a b e k o r b a n b a i k

m a t e r i l l m a u p u n m o r i l s e l a m a p e n u l i s m e n u n t u t i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n

d i F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g

8 . R e k a n - r e k a n A l m a m a t e r t e r u t a m a a n g k a t a n 2 0 0 5 d i F a k u l t a s

H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g

vii

A k h i r k a t a p e n u l i s b e r d o ' a s e m o g a b a n t u a n d a n b i m b i n g a n y a n g

t e l a h d i b e r i k a n d a l a m r a n g k a p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i m e n d a p a t b a l a s a n d a r i

A l l a h S W T , d a n m u d a h - m u d a h a n k a r y a p e n u l i s y a n g s e d e r h a n a i n i a k a n

b e r g u n a d a n b e r m a n f a a t b a g i s e m u a p i h a k , A m i i n .

P a l e m b a n g , j u n i 2 0 0 9

H o r m a t P e n u l i s ,

NIKO A L A L I F

v i i i

D A F T A R I S I

Halaman

H A L A M A N J U D U L i

H A L A M A N P E R S E T U J U A N DAN P E N G E S A H A N ii

H A L A M A N M O T T O D A N P E R S E M B A H A N iii

A B S T R A K iv

K A T A P E N G A N T A R vi

D A F T A R I S I ix

B A B I P E N D A H U L U A N

A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g 1

B . P e r m a s a l a h a n 5

C . R u a n g L i n g k u p d a n T u j u a n 5

D . M e t o d o l o g i 6

B A B I I T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A

A . P e n g e r t i a n P e r k a w i n a n 7

B . S y a r a t - s y a r a t P e r k a w i n a n 8

C . P e n c e g a h a n d a n P e m b a t a l a n P e r k a w i n a n 1 2

D . P u t u s n y a P e r k a w i n a n 1 5

E . P e n g e r t i a n H u k u m W a r i s 2 3

F . P r o s e s P e w a r i s a n 3 7

B A B I I I P E M B A H A S A N

A . A k i b a t H u k u m D a r i P e r k a w i n a n P a d a M a s y a r a k a t

H u k u m D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t

K a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s 4 0

i x

B . A k i b a t H u k u m D a r i P e r k a w i n a n P a d a M a s y a r a k a t

H u k u m D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a Rupit

K a b u p a t e n M u s i r a w a s 4 1

B A B I V P E N U T U P

A K e s i m p u l a n 4 6

B . S a r a n 4 7

D A F T A R P U S T A K A

L A M P I R A N

X

B A B I

P E N D A H U L U A N

A. Latar B e l a k a n g

T e l a h m e n j a d i k o d r a t n y a , s e t i a p m a n u s i a d i d u n i a y a n g b e r l a i n a n

j e n i s h a r u s b e r s a m a ( b e r p a s a n g - p a s a n g a n ) , u n t u k h i d u p b e r p a s a n g -

p a s a n g a n i t u h a r u s m e l a l u i p e r k a w i n a n , m a k a k e d u a j e n i s i n s a n t e r s e b u t

w a j a r d a n l a y a k m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n n y a u n t u k h i d u p b e r s a m a d a n

d a n m e m b e n t u k s u a t u k e l u a r g a y a n g b a h a g i a y a n g b e r t u j u a n

m e n g e m b a n g k a n k e t u r u n a n n y a a g a r k e h i d u p a n m a n u s i a t e r s e b u t t i d a k

t e r p u t u s d a n d a p a t b e r k e s i n a m b u n g a n .

M e n g e n a i h a l i n i r u m u s a n p e n g e r t i a n p e r k a w i n a n d a l a m U n d a n g -

u n d a n g N o m o r : 1 T a h i m 1 9 7 4 p a s a l 1 b e r b u n y i s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

P e r k a w i n a n a d a l a h i k a t a n l a h i r b a t i n a n t a r a s e o r a n g p r i a d e n g a n s e o r a n g w a n i t a s e b a g a i s u a m i - i s t r i d e n g a n t u j u a n m e m b e n t u k k e l u a r g a ( r u m a h t a n g g a ) y a n g b a h a g i a d a n k e k a l b e r d a s a r k a n k e t u h a n a n Y a n g M a h a E s a .

D a r i r u m u s a n p e n g e r t i a n p e r k a w i n a n t e r s e b u t d i a t a s j e l a s l a h b a h w a

p e r k w i n a n i t u t i d a k h a n y a m e r u p a k a n i k a t a n l a h i r d a n b a t i n , m e l a i n k a n

k e d u a - d u a n y a .

S u a t u i k a t a n l a h i r a d a l a h i k a t a n y a n g d a p a t d i l i h a t m e n g u n g k a p k a n

a d a n y a s u a t u h u b i m g a n h u k u m a n t a r a s e o r a n g p r i a d a n s e o r a n g w a n i t a

u n t u k h i d u p b e r s a m a , s e b a g a i s u a m i - i s t r i .

1

2

B e b e r a p a p e r i s t i w a y a n g d i p a n d a n g s e b a g a i p e n g u k u h a n d a r i i k a t a n

p e r k a w i n a n i t u a n t a r a l a i n a d a l a h :

1 . P e n y e r a h a n h a d i a h - h a d i a h p e r k a w i n a n t e r t e n t u

2 . P e r a r a k a n p e n g a n t i n p r i a k e r u m a h p e n g a n t i n w a n i t a , d i i r i n g i b a n y a k

p e n g i k u t b e s e r t a a n e k a r a g a m b a r a n g a n t a r a n

3 . P e r t a m u a n b e b e r a p a a c a r a a n t a r a m e m p e l a i b e r d u a

4 . S a n t a p a n b e r s a m a

5 . P e m b a y a r a n u a n g j u j u r

6 . B e r k u m p u l s e b a g a i s u a m i i s t r i ' *

P a d a u m u n m y a b a h w a k e t u r u n a i t u a d a n y a h u b u n g a n h u k u m y a n g

d i d a s a r k a n p a d a h u b u n g a n d a r a h a n t a r a l a i n o r a n g t u a d e n g a n a n a k -

a n a k n y a . J u g a b a h w a a d a n y a k i b a t h u k u m y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n

k e t u r u n a n . A k i b a t h u k u m i n i t i d a k s a m a d i s e l u r u h d a e r a h , t e t a p i w a l a u p u n

d e m i k i a n b a h w a k e t u r u n a n a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n u n s u r y a n g h a k i k i s e r t a

m u t l a k b a g i s e s u a t u k l a n , s u k u y a n g m e n g h e n d a k i g e n e r a s i p e n e r u s n y a .

I n d i v i d u s e b a g a i k e t u r u n a n ( a n g g o t a k e l u a r g a ) m e m p u n y a i h a k d a n

k e w a j i b a n t e r t e n t u y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n k e d u d u k a n n y a d a l a m

k e l u a r g a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n , m i s a l n y a b o l e h i k u t m e n g g u n a k a n n a m a

k e l u a r g a , w a j i b s a l i n g m e m e l i h a r a d a n s a l i n g m e m b a n t u . D a p a t s a l i n g

m e w a k i l i d a l a m m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n h u k u m d e n g a n p i h a k k e t i g a d a n l a i n

s e b a g a i n y a .

" Imam Sudiyat, Hukum Adat Sketsa Asas, Liberty, Yogyakarta, 1981.

3

S a l a h s a t u i n t i d a r i u n s u r - u n s u r h u k u m a d a t g u n a p e m b i n a a n h u k u m

w a r i s n a s i o n a l a d a l a h h u k u m w a r i s a d a t y a n g t e r d a p a t d i s e l u r u h k a w a s a n

n u s a n t a r a i n i d a p a t d i c a r i t i t i k t e m u d a n k e s e s u a i a n n y a d e n g a n k e s a d a r a n

h u k u m n a s i o n a l .

K e s a d a r a n h u k u m n a s i o n a l y a n g m e n y a n g k u t h u k u m w a r i s a d a t

a d a l a h p a d a t e m p a t n y a h a k - h a k k e b e n d a a n ( w a r i s a n ) t i d a k l a g i d i b e d a k a n

a n t a r a p r i a d a n w a n i t a , s e t i d a k - t i d a k n y a a n t a r a p r i a d a n w a n i t a d i p e r l u k a n

a s a s k e s a m a a n h a k .

M e n u r u t H i l m a n H a d i K e s u m a , s e s u n g g u h n y a h u k u m w a r i s a d a t a d a l a h a t u r a n - a t u r a n h u k u m t e n t a n g c a r a b a g a i m a n a t e r j a d i n y a p u t u s a n a t a u p e m e l i h a r a a n h a r t a k e k a y a a n d a r i p e w a r i s a h l i w a r i s . T e r j a d i n y a p e n e r u s a n a t a u p e r a l i h a n h a r t a k e k a y a a n i t u d a p a t b e r l a k u k e t i k a p e w a r i s m a s i h h i d u p a t a u s e t e l a h p e w a r i s w a f a t . K e k a y a a n y a n g d i t e r u s k a n a t a u d i a l i h k a n a d a y a n g d a p a t d i b a g i - b a g i p e n g u a s a a n a t a u p e m i l i k . J i k a p e r a l i h a n h a r t a w a r i s a n i t u t e r b a g i - b a g i p a d a a h l i w a r i s , m a k a c a r a p e n y e l e s a i a a n n y a b e r d a s a s a r k a n m u s y a w a r a h m u f a k a t , y a n g i n t i n y a g u n a m e m p e r t a h a n k a n k e r u k u n a n d a n k e k e l u a r g a a n d i m a n a p e m i l i k h a r t a w a r i s a n i t u b e r s i f a t m u t l a k u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n d i r i s e n d i r i , t e t a p i s e l a l u b e r f u n g s i k e k e l u a r g a a n d a n k e b e r s a m a a n . ^ *

S e d a n g k a n S o e p o m o m e r u m u s k a n h u k u m w a r i s a d a t s e b a g a i b e r i k u t

" H u k u m a d a t w a r i s m e n u r u t p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n y a n g m e n g a t u r p r o s e s

p e n e r u s a n s e r t a p e n g o p e r a n b a r a n g , h a r t a b e n d a d a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g y a n g

t i d a k b e r w u j u d b e n d a ( i m m a t e r i e l e g o e r d e r e n ) d a r i s u a t u a n g k a t a n m a n u s i a

( g e n e r a t i c ) k e p a d a k e t u r u n a n n y a . ^ *

' Hilman Hadi Kesuma, H u k u m Waris Adat, Citra Aditya Bhakti, Bandung, 1990, hal.125

^ U b i d , h a i A 2 6

4

A p a b i l a k i t a m e l i h a t d a r i p e n g e r t i a n - p e n g e r t i a n y a n g d i k e m b a n g k a n

o l e h p a r a a h l i w a r i s h u k u m a d a t t e r s e b u t , m a k a p e n g e r t i a n h u k u m w a r i s

t e r d a p a t t i g a u n s u r y a i t u : a d a y a n g m e n i n g g a l d u n i a , m e n i n g g a l k a n h a r t a

w a r i s a n d a n a d a p a r a a h l i w a r i s .

A t u r a n - a t u r a n y a n g d e m i k i a n i t u t e r d a p a t d a n b e r l a k u d a l a m

k e h i d u p a n m a s y a r a k a t a d a t y a n g p a d a u m u m n y a b e r p o r o s p a d a k e h i d u p a n

d e s a , d i m a n a k e h i d u p a n k e l u a r g a r u m a h t a n g g a i t u t e n a n g d a n t i d a k b a n y a k

g e j o l a k . D e m i k i a n p u l a d e n g a n p e w r i s d a n p a r a p a r a w a r i s y a n g m a s i h

m e m p e r t a h a n k a n s i f a t - s i f a t k e k e l u r g a a n y a n g a k r a b , m a s i h t e t a p

m e n g h o r m a t i r u m a h k e r a b a t d a n i k a t a n k e r a b a t . H a l y a n g d e m i k i a n i t u p u l a

t e r g a m b a r d e n g a n j e l a s d i M a s y a r a k a t H u k u m A d a t D e s a M u a r a L a m a

K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a p u b a t e n M u s i R a w a s d i m a n a m a y o r i t a s

p e n d u d u k n y a m e m e l u k a g a m a i s l a m , a k a n t e t a p i u n t u k p e m b a g i a n h a r t a

w a r i s a n c e n d e r u n g m e n g g u n a k a n h u k u m a d a t s e t e m p a t d i b a n d i n g k a n

k e t e n t u a n h u k u m a g a m a .

B e r d a s a r k a n l a t a r b e l a k a n g t e r s e b u t d i a t a s , m a k a p e n u l i s t e r t a r i k

u n t u k m e n u a n g k a n n y a k e d a l a m t u l i s a n i l m i a h y a n g b e r b e n t u k s k r i p s i

d e n g a n j u d u l : " A K I B A T H U K U M P E R K A W I N A N S E R T A P R O S E S

P E M B A G I A N H A R T A W A R I S A N P A D A M A S Y A R A K A T D E S A

M U A R A L A M A K E C A M A T A N M U A R A R U P I T K A B U P A T E N

M U S I R A W A S "

5

B. Permasalahan

Y a n g m e n j a d i p e r m a s a l a h a n a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . B a g a i m a n a k a h a k i b a t h u k u m p e r k a w i n a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t h u k u m

a d a t D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a b u p a t e n

M u s i r a w a s ?

2 . B a g a i m a n a k a h p r o s e s p e m b a g i a n h a r t a w a r i s a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t

h u k u m a d a t D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a b u p a t e n

M u s i r a w a s ?

C . Ruang Lingkup dan Tujuan

R u a n g l i n g k u p p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i t i t i k b e r a t k a n p a d a a k i b a t h u k u m

p e r k a w i n a n s e r t a p r o s e s p e m b a g i a n h a r t a w a r i s a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t h u k u m

a d a t D e s a M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a b u p a t e n M u s i R a w a s ,

t a n p a m e n u t u p k e m u n g k i n a n m e n y i n g g u n g p u l a h a l - h a l l a i n y a n g a d a

k a i t a n n y a .

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n a d a l a h i m t u k m e n c a r i k e j e l a s a n g u n a m e l e n g k a p i

p e n g e t a h u a n t e o r i t i s y a n g d i p e r o l e h s e l a m a s t u d i d i F a k u l t a s H u k u m

U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g .

H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n d i h a r a p k a n b e r m a n f a a t s e b a g a i b a h a n t a m b a h a n

i n f o r m a s i b a g i i l m u p e n g e t a h u a n , k h u s u s n y a d i b i d a n g h u k u m p e r k a w i n a n

d a n k e w a r i s a n a d a t s e k a l i g u s s u m b a n g a n p e m i k i r a n y a n g d i p e r s e m b a h k a n

s e b a g a i p e n g a b d i a n p a d a A l m a m a t e r .

6

D.Metode Penelitian

S e l a r a s d e n g a n t u j u a n y a n g b e r m a k s u d m e n e l u s u r i p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p

h u k u m t e r u t a m a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t p a u t d e n g a n a k i b a t h u k u m p e r k a w i n a n

s e r t a p r o s e s p e m b a g i a n h a r t a w a r i s a n p a d a m a s y a r a k a t h u k u m a d a t D e s a

M u a r a L a m a K e c a m a t a n M u a r a R u p i t K a b u p a t e n M u s i R a w a s , m a k a j e n i s

p e n e l i t i a n n y a h u k u m t e r g o l o n g p e n e l i t i a n s o s i o l o g i s y a n g b e r s i f a t

d e s k r i p t i f , s e h i n g g a t i d a k b e r m a k s u d m e n g u j i h i p o t e s a .

M e t o d e p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a d i i a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . P e n e l i t i a n K e p u s t a k a a n

D a l a m r a n g k a m e m p e r o l e h d a t a s e k u n d e r b e r u p a p e r a t u r a n

p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n , b u k u - b u k u , l i t e r a t u r d a n b a h a n h u k u m l a i n n y a

y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n s k r i p s i i n i .

2 . P e n e l i t i a n L a p a n g a n ( F i e l d R e s e a r c h )

D a l a m r a n g k a m e m p e r o l e h d a t a p r i m e r d e n g a n c a r a m e w a w a n c a r a i

k e p a d a a p a r a t d a n p i h a k - p i h a k t e r k a i t l a i n n y a .

T e k n i k p e n g o l a h a n d a t a d i i a k u k a n d e n g a n m e n e t a p k a n c a r a a n a l i s i s

i s i (contens analysis) t e r h d a p d a t a y a n g d i p r o l e h d a r i k e p u s t a k a a n s e r t a c a r a

k u a l i t a t i f t e r h d a p d a t a y a n g d i p e r o l e h d a r i l a p a n g a n . U n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a

d i k o n s t r u k s i k a n k e d a l a m s u a t u k e s i m p u l a n .

B A B I I

T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A

A. Pengertian Perkawinan

M e n u r u t p a s a l 1 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 7 4 p e r k a w i n a n

a d a l a h i k a t a n l a h i r b a t i n a n t a r a s e o r a n g p r i a d e n g a n s e o r a n g w a n i t a s e b a g a i

s u a m i i s t r i d e n g a n t u j u a n m e m b e n t u k k e l u a r g a ( r u m a h t a n g g a ) y a n g

b a h a g i a d a n k e k a l b e r d a s a r k a n K e t u h a n a n Y a n g M a h a E s a .

D a r i u n g k a p a n d i a t a s d a p a t d i k e t a h u i b a h w a t u j u a n p e r k a w i n a n

t e r s e b u t a d a l a h u n t u k m e m b e n t u k k e l u a r g a ( r u m a h t a n g g a ) y a n g b a h a g i a

d a n k e k a l . N a m u n t i d a k s e m u a n y a p e r k a w i n a n d a p a t b e r l a n g s u n g k e k a l d a n

b a h a g i a , k a r e n a t i d a k j a r a n g d a p a t t e r j a d i p e r k a w i n a n y a n g p u t u s d i t e n g a h

j a l a n .

P e r k a w i n a n m e n u r u t H u k u m a d a t m e r u p a k a n u r u s a n k e r a b a t , p e r s e k u t u a n , m a r t a b a t d a n j u g a m e r u p a k a n u r u s a n p r i b a d i , t e r g a n t u n g k e p a d a t a t a s u s u n a n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n p e r k a w i n a n b u k a n s a j a m e r u p a k a n p e r i s t i w a y a n g s a n g a t b e r a r t i , s e r t a s e p e n u h n y a m e n d a p a t p e r h a t i a n d a n d i i k u t i d a r i k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k , j u g a b e s e r t a s e l u r u h k e l u a r g a n y a . ' * *

P a d a p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n p e r k a w i n a n m e s k i p u n t e l a h d i p e d o m a n k a n

k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n m e n u r u t p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g t e l a h

d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n m a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a p a d a z a m a n s e k a r a n g

i n i , u p a c a r a - u p a c a r a a d a t m a s i h s e n a n t i a s a d i a d a k a n , a p a b i l a s u a t u k e l u a r g a

Muhtar Muhammad, Hukum P e r k a w i n a n Adat D i I n d o n e s i a , Grafika, Jakarta, 1998, hal.89

7

8

y a n g m e l a k u k a n p e r k a w i n a n t i d a k m e n y e l e n g g a r a k a n u p a c a r a - u p a c a r a a d a t

s a m a s e k a l i d a p a t m e n i m b u l k a n p a n d a n g a n - p a n d a n g a n y a n g n e g a t i f d a r i

m a s y a r a k a t s e k i t a m y a .

P a d a k e n y a t a a n s e k a r a n g i n i d a l a m p r o s e s p e r k a w i n a n , u p c a r a -

u p a c a r a a d a t d i p e r l u k a n s e c a r a m u t l a k , d i m a n a d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n n y a

a d a l a h p e m u k a - p e m u k a a d a t d a n p e m u k a - p e m u k a a g a m a y a n g m e n g a t u r

s e m u a t a t a c a r a u p a c a r a a d a t t e r s e b u t , s e d a n g k a n y a n g m e n e n t u k a n w a k t u

p e l a k s a n a a n a d a l a h o r a n g t u a d a r i k e d u a m e m p e l a i .

S e t i a p k e l u a r g a , k e r a b a t s e r t a p e r s a t u a n H u k u m a d a t m e n g h e n d a k i

a g a r p e r k a w i n a n y a n g d i i a k u k a n o l e h k e d u a m e m p e l a i d a p a t d i p e r t a h a n k a n

u n t u k s e l a m a h i d u p n y a , t e t a p i a p a b i l a p a d a k e n y a t a a n n y a p e r c e r a i a n t e r j a d i

d a l a m r u m a h t a n g g a m e r e k a , m a k a o r a n g t u a k e r a b a t m e m p u n y a i p e r a n a n

p e n t i n g a g a r k e d u a m e m p e l a i d a p a t m e n g h i n d a r i p e r c e r a i a n t e r s e b u t .

B. Syarat-syarat Perkawinan

P e r k a w i n a n y a n g a k a n d i l a n g s u n g k a n h a r u s d i d a s a i k a n a t a s

p e r s e t u j u a n k e d u a c a l o n m e m p e l a i ( p a s a l 6 U U N o . l 1 9 7 4 ) . S e b a g a i m a n a

d i j e l a s k a n d a l a m p e n j e l a s a n n y a d i m a k s u d d a r i k e t e n t u a n t e r s e b u t , a g a r

s u a m i i s t r i y a n g k a w i n i t u k e l a k a k a n m e m b a w a k e l u a r g a y a n g k e k a l d a n

b a h a g i a , d a n s e s u a i p i l a d e n g a n h a k a z a s i m a n u s i a , m a k a h a r u s d i s e t u j u i

o l e h k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k y a n g m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n i t u t a n p a a d a

p a k s a a n d a r i p i h a k m a n a p u n .

9

K e t e n t u a n i n i t i d a k b e r a r t i m e n g u r a n g i y a n g s u d a h d i t e n t u k a n d a l a m

p a s a l 6 U U N o . l T a h u n 1 9 7 4 y a n g b u n y i n y a a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . P e r k a w i n a n h a r u s b e r d a s a r k a n a t a s p e r s e t u j u a n k e d u a c a l o n

m e m p e l a i

2 . U n t u k m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n s e o r a n g y a n g b e l u m m e n c a p a i

u m u r 2 1 ( d u a p u l u h s a t u ) t a h i m m e n d a p a t k a n i z i n k e d u a o r a n g t u a .

3 . D a l a m h a l s a l a h s a t u d a r i k e d u a o r a n g t u a t e l a h m e n i n g g a l d u n i a

a t a u k e a d a a n y a n g t i d a k m a m p u m e n y a t a k a n k e h e n d a k n y a , m a k a

i z i n y a n g d i m a k s u d a y a t ( 2 ) p a s a l i n i c u k u p d i p e r o l e h d a r i o r a n g t u a

y a n g m a m p u m e n y a t a k a n k e h e n d a k n y a .

4 . D a l a m h a l i n i k e d u a o r a n g t u a t e l a h m e n i n g g a l d u n i a a t a u d a l a m

k e a d a a n t i d a k m a m p u u n t u k m e n y a t a k a n k e h e n d a k n y a , m a k a i z i n

d i p e r o l e h d a r i w a l i , o r a n g y a n g m e m l i h a r a a t a u k e l u a r g a y a n g

m e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n d a r a h d a l a m g a r i s k e t u r u n a n l u r u s k e a t a s

s e l a m a m e r e k a m a s i h h i d u p d a n d a l a m k e a d a a n d a p a t m e n y a t a k a n

k e h e n d a k n y a .

5 . D a l a m h a l a d a p e r b e d a a n a n t a r a o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g d i s e b u t d a l a m

a y a t ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , d a n ( 4 ) p a s a l i n i , a t a u s a l a h s e o r a n g t u a l e b i h d i a n t a r a

m e r e k a t i d a k m e n y a t a k a n p e n d a p a t n y a , m a k a p e n g a d i l a n d a l a m

d a e r a h h u k u m t e m p a t t i n g g a l o r a n g t e r s e b u t d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n i z i n

s e t e l a h l e b i h d u l u m e n d e n g a r o r a n g - o r a n g t e r s e b u t d a l a m a y a t ( 1 ) ,

( 3 ) d a n ( 4 ) p a s a l i n i .

1 0

6 . K e t e n t u a n t e r s e b u t a y a t ( 1 ) , ( 3 ) d a n ( 4 ) p a s a l i n i ;

7 . B e r l a k u s e p a n j a n g h u k u m m a s i n g - m a s i n g a g a m a n y a d a n

k e p e r c a y a a n n y a i t u d a r i y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n t i d a k m e n e n t u k a n l a i n .

U n t u k d a p a t m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n s e o r a n g y a n g b e l u m

m e n c a p a i u m u r 2 1 ( d u a p u l u h s a t u ) t a h u n h a r u s l a h m e n d a p a t i z i n d a r i

k e d u a o r a n g t u a n y a ( p a s a l 6 a y a t 2 U U N o . l T a h u n 1 9 7 4 ) . J i k a k e d u a c a l o n

m e m p e l a i t i d a k m e m p u n y a i l a g i o r a n g t u a a t a u o r a n g t u a y a n g

b e r s a n g k u t a n t i d a k m a m p u m e n y a t a k a n k e h e n d a k n y a , m a k a i z i n d i m a k s u d

c u k u p d a r i o r a n g t u a y a n g m a s i h h i d u p a t a u o r a n g t u a y a n g m a m p u

m e n y a t a k a n k e h e n d a k n y a .

H u k u m a d a t u m u m n y a t i d a k m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g b a t a s u m u r u n t u k m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n . H a l i t u b e r a r t i b a h w a h u k u m a d a t m e m b o l e h k a n p e r k a w i n a n s e m u a u m u r , n a m u n k e n y a t a a n n y a k e b a n y a k a n d a e r a h , b a h w a o r a n g t u a a t a u w a l i d a r i a n a k - a n a k y a n g a k a n m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n b a r u m e n g i z i n k a n s e t e l a h m e r e k a b e r u m u r p a n t a s , y a i t u a n t a r a 1 5 a t a u 1 6 t a h u n u n t u k p e r e m p u a n d a n 1 8 a t a u 1 9 t a h u n u n t u k l a k i - l a k i . ^ *

S e p e r t i h a l n y a d a l a m h u k u m a d a t , d e m i k i a n p u l a d a l a m h u k u m i s l a m

t i d a k t e r d a p a t k a e d a h - k a e d a h b e r s i f a t m e n e n t u k a n b a t a s u m u r .

P e n e n t u a n b a t a s u m u r s e c a r a expresif verbis ( d i l u a r k e b i a s a a n )

a d a l a h s u a t u l a n g k a h p e n e r i b i s a n h u k u m a d a t d a n b a t a s n y a d i j u m p a i d a l a m

b e b e r a p a m a s y a r a k a t d i d a e r a h j a w a s e r i n g d i i a k u k a n p e r k a w i n a n a n a k

p e r e m p u a n y a n g m a s i h m u d a s e k a l i u m u m y a .

Ibid, hal. 90

1 1

S e b e n a m y a p a d a m a s a s e k a r a n g i n i s u d a h j a r a n g t e r j a d i p e r k a w i n a n

d a l a m u s i a m u d a , d a l a m h a l i n i d i m u n g k i n k a n d i p e n g a r u h i u r b a n i s a s i d a n

m e n u j u m a s y a r a k a t i n t e r a k s i d a n i n t e r p e n s i m a s y a r a k a t k i t a d e n g a n d u n i a

i u a r , j u g a p e n g a r u h p e n d i d i k a n , s e m u a n y a t e l a h b e r u b a h m e n u r u t u k u r a n -

u k u r a n k e m a t a n g a n r u m a h t a n g g a p a d a u m u r y a n g r e l a t i f t u a .

S e b a g a i m a n d i j e l a s k a n d a l a m p a s a l 7 a y a t ( 1 ) U U N o . l T a h u n 1 9 7 4

b a h w a " p e r k a w i n a n h a n y a d i i z i n k a n j i k a p r i a m e n c a p a i u m u r 1 9 t a h u n d a n

p i h a k w a n i t a s u d a h b e r u m u r 1 6 t a h u n " . S e l a n j u t n y a d i j e l a s k a n s e h u b u n g a n

d e n g a n s u a t u p e r k a w i n a n y a n g t e l a h t e r j a d i d i b a w a h u m u r , s e b a g a i m a n a

d i k e h e n d a k i U U N o . l a T a h u n 1 9 7 4 , p e r k a w i n a n y a n g d i b a w a h u m u r

t e r s e b u t d i a t a s h a r u s m e m i n t a d i s p e n s a s i p e n g a d i l a n a t a u p e j a b a t y a n g

b e r w e n a n g . H a l i n i d i a t u r d a l a m p a s a l 7 a y a t ( 2 ) U U N o . l T a h u n 1 9 7 4

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t ; " d a l a m h a l p e n y i m p a n g a n t e r h a d a p a y a t ( 1 ) p a s a l i n i d a p a t

d i m i n t a k a n d i s p e n s a s i k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n a t a u p e j a b a t y a n g d i t u n j u k o l e h

o r a n g t u a p i h a k p r i a m a u p u n w a n i t a " .

S e d a n g k a n d a l a m p a s a l 7 a y a t ( 3 ) U U N o . l T a h u n 1 9 7 4 m e n j e l a s k a n

b a h w a : : k e t e n t u a - k e t e n t u a n m e n g e n a i k e a d a a n p a s a l 6 a y a t ( 3 ) o r a n g t u a

y a n g m a s i h h i d u p m a m p u m e n y a t a k a n k e h e n d a k n y a d a n ( 4 ) i z i n d i p e r o l e h

d a r i w a l i / m e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n d a r a h . U n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i b e r l a k u j u g a

d a l a m p e r m i n t a a n d a n d i s p e n s a s i t e r s e b u t a y a t ( 2 ) p a s a l i n i d e n g a n t i d a k

m e n g u r a n g i y a n g d i m a k s u d d a l a m p a s a l 6 a y a t ( 6 ) " .

1 2

C . Pencegahan dan Pembatalan Perkawinan

P e r k a w i n a n d a p a t , d i c e g a h a p a b i l a p a r a p i h a k t i d a k m e m e n u h i

p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n . A p a k a h k a r e n a d i r i n y a

m a s i h t e r i k a t d a l a m p e r k a w i n a n a t a u d i d a l a m k e a d a a n b e l u m d e w a s a a t a u

j u s t r u b e r c e r a i u n t u k k e d u a k a l i n y a d e n g a n s u a m i i s t r i y a n g s a m a .

T i d a k s e m u a o r a n g d a p a t m e n g a j u k a n p e r m o h o n a n u n t u k m e n c e g a h

p e r k a w i n a n k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n . U n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r k a w i n a n m e n e n t u k a n

s i a p a y a n g d a p a t m e l a k s a n a k a n p e n c e g a h a n i t u s e p e r t i d i a t u r d a l a m p a s a l

1 4 s a m p a i d e n g a n p a s a l 1 6 , y a i t u d i r u m u s k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t , y a i t u :

a . P a r a k e l u a r g a d a l a m g a r i s k e t u r u n a n k e a t a s d a n k e b a w a h ; b . S a u d a r a ; c . W a l i n i k a h ; d . W a l i ; e . P e n g a m p u d a r i s a l a h s e o r a n g m e m p e l a i ; f . P i h a k y a n g b e r k e p e n t i n g a n ; g . S u a m i a t a u i s t r i ;

h . P e j a b a t y a n g d i t u n j u k ;

P e n c e g a h a n p e r k a w i n a n d i a j u k a n k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n d a l a m d a e r a h

h u k u m d i m a n a p e r k a w i n a n a k a n d i l a n g s u n g k a n d e n g a n m e m b e r i t a h u k a n

k e p a d a p e g a w a i p e n c a t a t a n p e n g a d i l a n .

P e n c e g a h a n p e r k a w i n a n d a p a t d i c a b u t d e n g a n p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n

a t a u d e n g a n m e n a r i k k e m b a l i p e r m o h o n a n k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n o l e h y a n g

m e n c e g a h . ^ *

' Wirjono Projodikoro. Hukum P e r k a w i n a n D i I n d o n e s i a , Sumur, Bandung, 1981, hal.22

1 3

P e g a w a i p e n c a t a t p e r k a w i n a n t i d a k d i p e r b o l e h k a n u n t u k m e m b a n t u

m e l a n g s i m g k a n p e r k a w i n a n a p a b i l a d i a m e n g e t a h u i b a h w a y a n g

b e r s a n g k u t a n t i d a k m e m n u h i s y a r a t , m e n g e n a i h a l i n i d a p a t d i l i h a t d a l a m

p a s a l 2 q l U n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r k a w i n a n y a n g b u n y i n y a s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . J i k a p e g a w a i p e n c a t a t p e r k a w i n a n b e r p e n d a p a t b a h w a t e r h a d a p

p e r k w i n a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a r a n g a n m e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i , m a k a

i a a k a n m e n o l a k m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n ;

2 . D i d a l a m h a l p e n o l a k a n , m a k a p e r m i n t a a n s a l a h s a t u p i h a k y a n g

i n g i n m e l a n g s u n g k a n p e r k a w i n a n a k a n d i b e r i k a n s u a t u k e t e r a n g a n

t e r t u l i s d a r i p e n o l a k t e r s e b u t d i s e r t a i d e n g a n a l a s a n p e n o l a k a n ;

3 . P a r a p i h a k y a n g p e r k a w i n a n n y a d i t o l a k b e r h a k m e n g a j u k a n

p e r m o h o n a n k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n d a l a m w i t a y a h m a n a p e g a w a i

p e n c a t a t p e r k a w i n a n y a n g m e n g a d a k a n p e n o l a k a n b e r k e d u d u k a n

u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n k e p u t u s a n , d e n g a n m e n y e r a h k a n s u r a t

k e t e r a n g a n p e n o l a k a n t e r s e b u t ;

4 . P e n g a d i l a n a k a n m e m b e r i k a n p e r k a r a n y a d e n g a n a c a r a s i n g k a t d a n

a k a n m e m b e r i k a n k e t e t a p a n a p a k a h d i a a k a n m e n g u a t k a n p e n o l a k a n

t e r s e b u t a t a u k a h m e m e r i n t a h k a n s u p a y a p e r k a w i n a n d i l a n g s u n g k a n ;

5 . K e t e t a p a n i n i h i l a n g k e k u a t a n n y a , j i k a r i n t a n g a n - r i n t a n g a n y a n g

m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e n o l a k a n t e r s e b u t h i l a n g d a n d a n p a r a p i h a k y a n g

i n g i n k a w i n d a p a t m e n g u l a n g i p e m b e r i t a h u a n t e t a n g m a k s u d

m e r e k a .

1 4

S a m a h a l n y a d e n g a n p e n c e g a h a n , t i d a k s e t i a p o r a n g d a p a t

m e n g a j u k a n p e m b a t a l a n p e r k a w i n a n k e p e n g a d i l a n . U n d a n g - u n d a n g

p e r k a w i n a n m e n e n t u k a n s i a p a - s i a p a y a n g d a p a t m e n g a j u k a n p e m b a t a l a n

p e r k a w i n a n s e p e r t i d i a t u r d a l a m p a s a l 2 3 s a m p a i d e n g a n p a s a l 2 7 , y a n g

s i n g k a t n y a d a p a t d i s e b u t k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

a . P a r a k e l u a r g a d a l a m g a r i s k e t u r u n a n k e a t a s d a r i s u a m i a t a u i s t r i ;

b . S u a m i d a n i s t r i

c . P e j a b a t y a n g b e r w e n a n g

d . P e j a b a t y a n g d i t u n j u k

e . J a k s a . *̂

D a l a m h u b u n g a n s u a m i i s t r i , s e o r a n g i s t r i a t a u s u a m i d a p a t

m e n g a j u k a n p e r m o h o n a n p e m b a t a l a n p e r k a w i n a n , d a l a m h a l p e r k w i n a n i t u

d i l a n g s u n g k a n d i b a w a h a n c a m a n y a n g m e l a n g g a r h u k u m a t a u a p a b i l a

b e r l a n g s u n g n y a p e r k a w i n a n i t u t e i j a d i s a l a h s a n g k a m e n g e n a i d i r i s u a m i

a t a u i s t r i , a k a n t e t a p i j i k a d i r i s u a m i a t a u i s t r i , a k a n t e t a p i j i k a d a l a m j a n g k a

e n a m b u l a n t i d a k a d a l a g i a n c a m a n k e m u d i a n y a n g b e r s a l a h s a n g a k i t u

m e n y a d a r i d i r i n y a m a s i h t e t a p h i d u p s e b a g i s u a m i i s t r i d a n t i d a k

d i p e r g u n a k a a n h a k n y a u n t u k m e n g a j u k a n p e r m o h o n a n p e m b a t a l a n , m a k a

h a k n y a i t u g u g u r .

P e m b a t a l a n p e r k a w i n a n h a n y a d a p a t d i p u t u s k a n o l e h s u a m i a t a u i s t r i

d a n p e r m o h o n a n p e m b a t a l a n i t u d i g u n a k a n o l e h p i h a k y a n g y a n g b e r h a k

1 5

m e n g a j u k a n k e p a d a p e n g a d i l a n y a n g d a l a m d a e r a h h u k u m n y a m e l i p u t i

t e m p a t b e r l a n g s u n g n y a p e r k a w i n a n a t a u t e m p a t b e r l a n g s u n g n y a

p e r k a w i n a n a t a u d i t e m p a t s u a m i i s t r i , m e n g e n a i t a t a c a r a m e n g a j u k a n

p e r k a w i n a n s e m a d e n g a n g u g a t a n c e r a i .

D. Putusnya Perkawinan

P a d a d a s a m y a p e r k a w i n a n b e r t u j u a n u n t u k s e l a m a - l a m a n y a , a k a n

t e t a p i a d a k a l a n y a o l e h s e b a b - s e b a b t e r t e n t u y a n g m e n g a k i b a t k a n

p e r k a w i n a n t i d a k d a p a t d i t e r u s k a n a t a u d e n g a n k a t a l a i n p e r k a w i n a n

t e p u t u s . P a s a l 3 8 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 7 4 m e n g e m u k a k a n

t i g a s e b a b y a n g d a p a t m e n g a k i b a t k a n t e r p u t u s n y a s u a t u p e r k a w i n a n y a k n i :

a . K e m a t i a n ;

b . P e r c e r a i a n ;

c . K e p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n ;

A k i b a t m e n i n g g a l n y a s a l a h s a t u p i h a k d e n g a n b e g i t u p e r k a w i n a n

t e r p u t u s . K e j a d i a n s e p e r t i i n i b a g a i m a n a p u n a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n t a k d i r i l a h i .

L a i n h a l n y a d e n g a n t e r p u t u s n y a p e r k a w i n a n k a r e n a p e r c e r a i a n d a n

k e p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n s e r i n g k a l i U n d a n g - u n d a n g m e n g a t u m y a j u s t r u u n t u k

k e k a l p e r k a w i n a n d a n m e m b a t a s i p e r c e r a i a n .

D a l a m p a s a l 3 9 a y a t ( 2 ) U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 7 4

d i s e b u t k a n b a h w a u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e r c e r a i a n h a r u s a d a c u k u p a l a s a n ,

b a h w a a n t a r a s u a m i i s t r i t i d a k a k a n r u k u n s e b a g a i s u a m i i s t r i .

1 6

A l a s a n - a l a s a n y a n g d a p a t d i j a d i k a n d a s a r u n t u k p e r c e r a i a n , b a i k

c e r a i t a l a k ( h a k s u a m i y a n g b e r a g a m a i s l a m ) y a n g h a r u s d i i a k u k a n d i d e p a n

s i d i n g p e n g a d i l a n m a u p u n c e r a i g u g a t ( h a k i s t r i y a n g p e r k a w i n a n n y a

m e n u r u t a g a m a i s l a m d a n h a k s u a m i i s t r i y a n g b u k a n a g a m a i s l a m ) y a n g

h a m s d i i a k u k a n d e n g a n k e p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n t e r d a p a t d a l a m U n d a n g -

u n d a n g N o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 7 4 p a s a l 3 9 a y a t ( 2 ) d a n P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h

N o m o r 9 T a h u n 1 9 7 5 p a s a l 1 9 , a l a s a n - a l a s a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h s e b a g a i

b e r i k u t :

1 . S a l a h s a t u p i h a k z i n a a t a u m e n j a d i p e m a b u k , p e n j u d i d a n s e b a g a i n y a

y a n g s u k a r d i s e m b u h k a n .

2 . S a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e n i n g g a l k a n p i h a k l a i n s e l a m a 2 ( d u a ) t a h u n

b e r t u m t - t u r u t t a n p a i z i n p i h a k l a i n d a n t a n p a a l a s a n y a n g s a h a t a u

k a r e n a h a l l a i n d i l u a r k e m a m p u a n n y a ;

3 . S a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e n d ^ a t h u k u m p e n j a r a 5 ( l i m a ) t a h u n a t a u

h u k i u n a n y a n g l e b i h b e r a t s e t e l a h p e r k a w i n a n b e r l a n g s u n g ;

4 . S a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e n d a p a t c a c a t b a d a n a t a u p e n y a k i t d e n g a n a k i b a t

t i d a k d a p a t m e n j a l a n k a n k e w a j i b a n n y a s e b a g i s u a m i / i s t r i .

5 . A n t a r a s u a m i i s t r i t e r n s m e n e r u s m e n j a d i t e r u s t e r j a d i s u a t u

p e r s e l i s i h a n d a n p e r t e n t a n g a n s e r t a t i d a k a d a h a r a p a n a k a n h i d u p

r u k u l a g i d a l a m m m a h t a n g g a .

A d a s a l a h s a t u p i h a k b e r b u a t z i n a a t a u m e n j a d i p e m a b u k , p e n j u d i

d a n s e b a g a i n y a y a n g s u k a r d i s e m b u h k a n .

1 7

A l a s a n m e l a k u k a n z i n a p a l i n g b a n y a k d i a j u k a n k e p e n g a d i l a n u n t u k

m e m o h o n p e r c e r a i a n . D a l a m p r a k t e k p a d a u m u m n y a , t e r l e b i h d a h u l u

p e m o h o n m e n g a j u k a n k a s u s p i d a n a n y a i m t u k m e n d a p a t k a n k e p u t u s a n

k e s a l a h a n p i h a k l a w a n , d e g a n p u t u s a n i n i b a r u d i a d a k a n g u g a t a n c e r a i n y a .

P i h a k p e r a d i l a n p e r d a t a a k a n m e n e r i m a g u g a t a n i n i j i k a d i n i l a i t i d a k

a d a b u k t i y a n g d a p a t m e l a w a n g u g a t a n p e n g g u g a t .

P e r b u a t a n m e n j a d i p e m a b u k , p e n j u d i d a n I a i n - l a i n i t u m e r u p a k a n

p e r b u a t a n y a n g s i f a t n y a t i d a k s a j a m e r u g i k a n k e p a d a p e l a k u , a k a n t e t a p i

j u g a d a p a t m e n i m b u l k a n k e r u g i a n t e r h a d a p m a s y a r a k a t s e k a l i g u s p e r b u a t a n

t e r s e b u t d i p a n d a n g o l e h m a s y a r a k a t s a n g a t t e r c e l a . D a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g

p e r k a w i n a n t i d a k d i j e l a s k a n a p a y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n p e m a b u k , p e n j u d i ,

k e s e m u a n y a i t u d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a h a k i m u n t u k m e n a f s i r k a n . Y a n g p a s t i

p e r b u a t a n - p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t h a r u s t e r j a d i u n t u k m e n a f s i r k a n , Y a n g p a s t i

p e r b u t a n - p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t h a r u s t e r j a d i s e d e m i k i a n n i p a , d a l a m a r t i h a r u s

b e b e r a p a k a l i t e i j a d i d a n s u k a r i m t u k d i s e m b u h k a n d a r i k e b i a s a a n i t u . I n i

b e r a r t i j i k a b a r u s a t u k a l i m a b u k , m i s a l n y a i s t r i l a n t a s m e m i n t a c e r a i .

H a k i m d a l a m h a l i n i s u d a h b a r a n g t e n t u a k a n m e n g a b u l k a n n y a s e b a b

p e r b u a t a n s e r u p a i t u b e l u m t e n t u d a p a t d i d e f m i s i k a n s e b a g a i p e m a b u k . J u g a

d e m i k i a n d e n g a n p e n j u d i . D a l a m k a i t a n i n i k a r e n a p e r b u t a n - p e r b u a t a n

t e r c e l a t e r s e b u t d i a t a s m e n y a n g k u t f a k t o r k e t a g i h a n , m a k a d a l a m g o l o n g a n

i n i j u g a d i m a k s u d k a n m i s a l n y a k e t a g i h a n o b a t - o b a t a n k e r a s l a i n n y a s e p e r t i

1 8

n a r k o t i k a d a n z a t a d i k t i f l a i n n y a y a n g p a d a s a a t s e k a r a n g i n i b a n y a k s e k a l i

j e n i s d a n m a c a m n y a .

Ad. B. s a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e n i n g g a l k a n p i h a k l a i n n y a u n t u k m a s a d u a

t a h u n b e r t u r u t - t u r u t t a n p a i z i n d a r i p i h a k l a i n n y a d a n t a n p a a l a s a n y a n g s a h

k a r e n a h a l i n i d i l u a r k e m a m p u a n n y a .

S y a r a t p e n t i n g u n t u k d a p a t m e n g g u n a k a n a l a s a n i n i a d a l a h :

a . H a r u s t a n p a i z i n p i h a k y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n

b . T a n p a s e b a b y a n g l a i n

c . K a r e n a h a l l a i n d i I u a r k e m a m p u a n n y a

S y a r a t y a n g l a i n a d a l a h b e r t u r u t - t u r u t , i t u b e r a r t i k e p e r g i a n n y a h a r u s

p e n u h d u a t a h u n l a m a n y a d a n s e l a m i t u h a r u s p u l a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n t i d a k

k e m b a l i .

D e n g a n d i s e b u t k a n n y a s e c a r a t e g a s o l e h U n d a n g - i m d a n g

p e r k a w i n a n t e n t a n g b a t a s w a k t u m i n i m a l l a m a n y a s a l a h s a t u p i h a k

m e n i n g g a l k a n y a n g l a i n - l a i n n y a 2 t a h u n b e r t u r u t - t u r u t l e b i h m e m e n u h i

t u n t u t a n a d a n y a k e p a s t i a n h u k u m . D a n b a h w a m e n i n g g a l k a n p i h a k y a n g

l a i n i t u t a n p a i z i n d a n t a n p a a l a s a n y a n g s a h a t a u k a r e n a h a l l a i n d i I u a r

k e m a m p u a n n y a m e m b e r i k a n p e r t i m b a n g a n d a n s u a t u k e p a s t i a n h u k u m

p u l a .

I P e r u m u s a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r k a w i n a n m e n g e n a i a l a s a n p e r c e r a i a n

i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e l i n d u n g i p i h a k y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n j a n g a n s a m p a i I'. k e p e n t i n g a n s e b a g a i a n g g o t a m a s y a r a k a t m a u p u n s e b a g a i m a n u s i a , a k i b a t

1 9

t i n g k a h l a k u p i h a k l a i n m e n i n g g a l k a n n y a t a n a p i z i n d a n t a n p a a l a s a n y a n g

s a h a t a u k a r e n a s e b a b l a i n d i l u a r k e m a m p u a t m y a .

Ad. C . s a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e n d a p a t h u k u m a n l i m a t a h u n a t a u

h u k u m a n l e b i h b e r a t s e t e l a h p e r k a w i n a n b e r l a n g s u n g .

R a s i o d a r i a l a s a n i n i a d a l a h i m t u k m e n j a g a d a n m e l i n d u n g i p i h a k

l a i n y a n g t i d a k d i u k u m s e b a g a i m a n u s i a m a u p u n s e b a g a i a n g g o t a

m a s y a r a k a t d i k o r b a n k a n l a n t a r a n d a r i p e r b u a t a n k e s a l a h a n p i h a k y a n g

d i h u k u m p e n j a r a l i m a t a h u n a t a u h u k u m a n l e b i h b e r a t . ^ *

P e n e n t u a n l a m a n y a l i m a t a h u n d i n i l a i c u k u p b e r a l a s a n o l e h k a r e n a

w a k t u l i m a t a h u n d i a n g g a p c u k u p b a g i k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k u n t u k

m e n e n t u k a n a p a k a h p e r k a w i n a n m e r e k a a k a n d i t e r u s k a n a t a u d i a k h i r i .

P e n e t a p a n w a k t u y a n g c u k u p l a m a , a k a n m e n y e b a b k a n p e n d e r i t a a n , b u k a n

t e t a p i j u g a b a g i m e r e k a y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n . " h u k u m a n p e n j a r a l i m a t a h u n

a t a u h u k u m a n l e b i h b e r a t d i j a t u h k a n o l e h p e n g a d i l a n d i m a n a s a j a ( d i

I n d o n e s i a a t a u d i l u a r n e g e r i ) d a n k a r e n a t e l a h m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n y a n g

s a l a h .

Ad.D. s a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e l a k u k a n k e k e j a m a n a t a u p e n g a n i a y a a n

b e r a t y a n g m e m b a h a y a k a n t e r h a d a p p i h a k l a i n .

B a h w a m e m a n g s u d a h s e p a n t a s n y a a p a b i l a s a l a h s a t u p i h a k

m e l a k u k a n k e k e j a m a n a t a u p e n g a n i a y a a n b e r a t y a n g d a p a t m e m b a h a y a k a n

' Riduan Syahrani, Masalah-mascdah Hukum P e r k a w i n a n di I n d o n e s i a , Alumni Bandung, I978,h.60.

2 0

p i h a k I a i n , b a g i t e r h a d a p j i w a m a u p u n k e s e m p u m a a n a n g g o t a t u b u h n y a ,

d a p a t d i j a d i k a n a l a s a n p e r c e r a i a n . ^ *

" P e n g e r t i a n m e m b a h a y a k a n t e r h a d a p p i h a k l a i n d i s i n i d i t a f s i r k a n

s e b a g a i y a n g m e m b a h a y a k a n s a j a j a s m a n i t e t a p i j u g a t e n n a s u k j u g a j i w a

p a r a p i h a k . " * *

M a s a l a h n y a d i s i n i a d a l a h k e d a a n b a g a i m a n a k a h k e k e j a m a n a t a u

p e n g a i a y a a n y a n g d i i a k u k a n o l e h s a l a h s a t u p i h a k i t u d a p a t d i k a t a k a n

m e m b a h a y a k a n t e r h a d a p p i h a k l a i n . H a l i n i d i t e n t u k a n o l e h H a k i m s e c a r a

k a s u s t i s u n t u k i t u d i p e r l u k a n v i s u m d a r i d o k t e r a t a u k e t e r a g a n d a r i s a k s i

a h l i .

A d . E . s a l a h s a t u p i h a k m e n d a p a t c a c a t b a d a n a t a u p e n y a k i t y a n g

m e n g a k i b a t k a n t i d a k d a p a t m e n j a l a n k a n k e w a j i b a n n y a s e b a g a i s u a m i i s t r i .

A l a s a n p e r c e r a i a n i n i r e l a t i f s e k a l i s i f a t n y a , s e h i n g g a m e n i m b u l k a n

b e r b a g a i p e r t a n y a a n , m i s a l n y a c a a c a t b a d n b a g a i m a n a k a h , p e n y a k i t a p a d a n

d a l a m k e a d a a n b a g i m a n a k a h y a n g m e n g a k i b a t k a n t i d a k d a p a t m e n j a l a n k a n

k e w a j i b a n n y a s e b a g a i s u a m i i s t r i t e r s e b u t . A p a k a h s a l a h s a t u y a n g k a r e n a

s u a t u p e n y a k i t m a n j a d i l u m p u h , t u l i a t a u b u t a d a p a t d i j a d i k a n a l a s a n u n t u k

b e r c e r a i o l e h p i h a k l a i n , m e n g e n a i k e a d a a n H a k i m l a h y a n g a k a n

m e n e n t u k a n t e r h a d a p s e m u a k e a d a a n a p a k a h d a p a t u n t u k d i j a d i k a n a l a s a n

b e r c e r a i s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d k a n .

2 1

Ad.F. a n t a r s u a m i d a n i s t r i t e r u s m e n e r u s t e r h a d a p p e r t e n g k a r a n d a n

p e r s e l i s i h a n y a n g t i d a k a d a h a r a p a n l a g i a k a n h i d u p r u k u n d a l a m r u m a h

t a n g g a .

S a m p a i s e j a u h m a n a p e r s e l i s i h a n d a n p e r t e n g k a r a n a n t a r a s u a m i d a n

i s t r i i t u s e h i n g g a m e n y e b a b k a n s u a m i i s t r i i t u t i d a k b i s a l a g i d i h a r a p a k a n

a k a n r u k u n d a l a m r u m a h t a n g g a . U n t u k i n i a d a l a h s a n g a t r e l a t i f s e k a l i

s i f a t n y a . D a n h a k i m l a h y a n g a k a n m e n i l a i n y a d a n m e n e t a p k a n s e j a u h m a n a

m e m p e r s e l i s i h k a n d a n p e r t e n g k a r a n i t u t e n t u n y a d e n g a n m e l i h a t b u k t i -

b u i k t i y a n g a d a .

D a r i a l a s a n - a l a s a n y a n g t e l a h d i u r a i k a n d i a t a s , m a k a d a p a t l a h

d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a p a d a h a k e k a t n y a U n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r k a w i n a n

m e m p e r s u l i t t e r j a d i n y a p e r c e r a i a n . H a l i t u d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i s e t i a p u n s u r -

u n s u r y a n g a d a p e n y e b a b d i p e r b o l e h k a n n y a p e r c e r a i a n .

L a i n h a l n y a d e n g a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g p e r k a w i n a n , h u k u m a d a t

m e n d e f l n i s i k a n p e r c e r a i a n a d a l a h m e r u p a k a n p e r i s t i w a I u a r b i a s a ,

m e r u p a k a n p r o b l e m a s o c i a l d a n y u r i d i s y a n g p e n t i n g d a l a m k e b a y a k a n

d a e r a h .

P a d a d a s a m y a t i ^ k e l u a r g a , k e r a b a t s e r t a p e r s e k u t u a n m e n g h e n d a k i

s u a t u p e r k a w i n a n y a n g s u d a h d i i a k u k a n i t u , d i p e r t a h a n k a n u n t u k s e l a m

h i d u p n y a . A k a n t e t a p i a p a b i l a m e m a n g m e n u e r u t k e a d a a n s e r t a k e n y a t a a n ,

p e r c e r a i a n i t u d e m i k e p e n t i n g a n b u k a n s u a m i i s t r i s a j a , m e l a i n k a n j u g a

2 2

k e p e n t i n g a n k e l u a r g a k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k , m a l a h a n j u g a u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n

k e s e l u r u h a n p e r l u d i i a k u k a n m a k a p e r b u a t a n i t u d a p a t d i j a l a n k a n .

S e b a b - s e b a b y a n g o l e h h u k u m a d a t d i b e n a r k a n u n t u k m e l a k u k a n

p e r c e r a i a n a d a l a h :

a . I s t r i b e r z i n a

P e r c a r a i a n y a n g d i s e b a b k a n i s t r i b e r z i n a s u d a h b a r a n g t e n t u

m e m b a w a a k i b a t - a k i b a t y a n g m e r u g i k a n b a g i i s t r i . A p a b i l a i a

t e r t a n g k a p b a s a h d a n d i b u n u h , m a k a s u a m i n y a t i d a k u s a h m e m b a y a r

u a n g b a n g u n a n ;

b . K e m a n d u l a n I s t r i

I s t r i t i d a k d a p a t m e m p u n y a i a n a k , s e d a n g k a n s a l a h s a t u t u j u a n

p e r k a w i n a n i t u a d a l a h u n t u k m e n d a p a t k e t u r u n a n ;

c . I m p o t e n s i S u a m i

S u a m i t i d a k d a p a t m e m e n u h i k e h i d u p a n b e r s a m a s e b a g a i s u a m i d a n

i s t r i , s e h i n g g a k e t u r u n a n t i d a k a k a n d i p e r o l e h d a r i p e r k a w i n a n

t e r s e b u t ;

d . S u a m i m e n i n g g a l k a n i s t r i s a n g a t l a m a a t a u i s t r i b e r k e l a k u a n t i d a k

s o p a n

K e d u a - d u a n y a d i s e b a k a n k a r e n a s a l i n g m e n c i n t a i a n t a r a s u a m i

m e m a n g s u d a h a g a k l a m a l e n y a p ;

e . A d a n y a k e i n g i n a n b e r s a m a k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k m e m p e r s e t u j u i a n t a r a

s u a m i i s t r i u n t u k b e r c e r a i

2 3

I n i s a n g a t j a r a n g t e r j a d i s e b a b k e h e n d a k b e r s a m a d e m i k i a n i n i p a d a

u m u m n y a o l e h m a s i n g - m a s i n g k e l u a r g a t i d a k d i b e n a r k a n , k e c u a l i

a p a b i l a h a l i t u d i s e b a b k a n a p a b i l a h a l i t u d i s e b a b k a n a l a s a n - a l a s a n

l e b i h p e n t i n g .

P e r l u k i r a n y a d i t e g a s k a n b a h w a d a l a m k e n y a t a a n p e r c e r a i a n -

p e r c e r i a n y a n g d i s e b a b k a n a l a s a n - a l a s a n a d a t m e l u l u s e p e r t i i n i a d a l a h

s a n g a t j a r a n g t e r j a d i . M a l a h a n a d a l a h b e b e r a p a d a e r a h y a n g t i d a k

m e m u n g k i n k a n a t a u p u n p r a k t i s t i d a k m e m p e r b o l e h k a n d i l a k u k a n n y a

p e r c a r a i a n k a r e n a a l a s a n - a l a s a n a d a t .

£ . Pengertian Hukum Waris

H u k u m w a r i s s a n g a t e r a t k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n r u a n g l i n g k u p k e h i d u p a n

m a n u s i a s e b a b s e t i a p m a n u s i a p a s t i a k a n m e n g a l a m i p e r i s t i w a h u k u m y a n g

d i n a m a k a n k e m a t i a n . A k i b a t h u k u m y a n g s e l a n j u t n y a t i m b u l d e n g a n

t e r j a d i n y a p e r i s t i w a h u k u m , k e m t i a n s e o r a n g d i a n t a r a n y a i a l a h m a s a i a h

b a g a i m a n a p e n g u r u s a n d a n k e l a n j u t a n h a k - h a k d a n k e w a j i b a n - k e w a j i b a n

s e o r a n y a n g m e n i n g g a l i t u .

P e n g e r t i a n h u k u m w a r i s m e n u n i t a d a t a d a l a h m e n i p a k a n

p e n c e r m i n a n d a r i p a d a s e s u a t u k e k e l u a r g a a n d i m a n a o r a n g y a n g

m e n g g a n t i k a n k e d u d u k a n s i p e w a r i s m e m i n d a h k a n h a k d a n k e w a j i b a n n y a .

H u k u m w a r i s a d a t p a d a k e n y a t a a n n y a d a l a m b e b e r a p a h a l t e l a h m e n g a l a m i

"* S. Wignjodipoero, Pengantar dan Asas-asas Hukum Adat, C V Haji Masagung, Jakarta, l%8,h,144.

2 4

p e r u b a h a n , s a l a h s a t u d a r i s e b a b p e r u b a h a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h a k i b a t

p e r u b a h a n - p e r u b a h a n s o s i a l , m i s a l n y a s e m a k i n k u a t n y a h u b i m g a n

k e k e l u a r g a a n " s o m a h " ( k e l u a r g a y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i A y a h , I b u d a n A n a k ) d a n

s e m a k i n l e m a h n y a i k a t a n k e r a b a t a t a u d i s e b u t k l a n .

I s t i l a h w a r i s d i d a l a m k e l e n g k a p a n i s t i l a h h u k u m w a r i s a d a t d i a m b i l

d a r i " b a h a s a A r a b y a n g t e l a h m e n j a d i b a h a s a I n d o n e s i a " . ' ^ *

P e n g e r t i a n h u k u m w a r i s d i d a l a m h u k u m w a r i s a d a t d a p a t k i t a l i h a t

b e b e r a p a p e n d a p a t s a r j a n a d i a n t a r a n y a a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

- S o e p o m o m e r u m u s k a n h u k u m w a r i s a d a t a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

" H u k u m w a r i s a d a t m e n u r u t p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n y a n g m e n g a t u r

p r o s e s p e n e r u s a n s e r t a p e n g o p e r a s i a n b a r a n g h a r t a b e n d a d a n

b a r a n g - b a r a n g y a n g t i d a k b e r w u j u d b e n d a ( i m m a t e r i e l e g o e d e r e n )

d a r i s u a t u a n g k a t a n m a n u s i a ( g e n e r a t i e ) k e p a d a k e t u r u n a n n y a . ' ^ *

- B . T e r H a a r , m e m b e r i k a n p e n g e r t i a n h u k u m w a r i s a d a t a d a l a h

" a t u r a n - a t u r a n h u k u m y a n g m e n g e n a i c a r a b a g a i m a n a d a r i a b a d k e

a b a d p e n e r u s a n d a n p e r a l i h a n d a r i h a r t a k e j a y a a n y a n g b e r w u j u d

d a n t i d a k b e r w u j u d d a r i g e n e r a s i k e g e n e r a s i . ' ^ *

Hilman Hadikusuma, Hukum Waris Adat, Alumni, Bandung, I980Jli,I7. Soepomo, Bab-bab T e n t a n g Hukum Adat, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta, 1979,h,81-82. Tct Udor, E n a m Superman I n t i s a r i H u k u m Adat, MandarMaju, Bandung, 1991, h,4.

2 5

- D i r j e n S a r a g i h m e m b e r i k a n p e n g e r t i n h u k u m w a r i s a d a t a d a l a h

" s u a t u k o m p l e k k a e d a h y a n g m e n g a t u r p r o o s e s p e n e r u s a n d a n

p e n g o p e r a n h a r t a b a i k m a t e r i l s a u a t g e n e r a s i . ' ^ *

D a r i p e n d a p a t y a n g d i k e m u k a k a n o l e h p a r a s a r j a n a t e r s e b u t d i a t a s ,

m a k a d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n h u k u m w a r i s a d a t

a d a l a h h u k u m y a n g m e n g a t u r p e r a l i h a n h a r t a w a r i s a n d i m a n a d a r i p e w a r i s

k e p a d a o r a n g l a i n , b a i k b e r w u j u d b e n d a m a u p u n t i d a k b e r w u j u d b e n d a d a n

d a r i g e n e r a s i k e g e n e r a s i , y a n g b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e m p e r t a h a n k a n h a r t a

p e n i n g g a l a n o r a n g t u a n y a .

d a r i p e n g e r t i a n y a n g d i k e m u k a k a n o l e h p a r a s a r j a n a t e r s e b u t m a k a

d i d a p a t j u g a t i g a u n s u r y a i t u a d a y a n g m e n i n g g a l d u n i a , m e n i n g g a l k a n

h a r t a w a r i s a n d a n a d a p a r a a h l i w a r i s .

1 . S i f a t P e w a r i s M e n u r u t H u k u m A d a t

H u k u m W a r i s a d a t m e n u n j u k k a n p a d a c o r a k - c o r a k y a n g k h a s a r i

a l i r a n p i k i r a n t r a d i s i o n a l I n d o n e s i a y a n g b e r d a s a r i c a n a t a s p r i n s i p y a n g

t i m b u l d a r i a l i r a n - a l i r a n p i k i r a n k o m u n a l s e r t a k o n k r i t b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a .

a l a m p i k i r a n t e r s e b u t p a d a d a s a m y a b e r t i t i k t o l a k d a r i s i f a t k e k e l u a r g a a n .

u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i a l a m p i k i r a n k o m u n a l t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a :

a . T a n a h D a t i d i S e m e n a n j u n g H i t u ( A m b o n )

S u s u n a n m a s y a k a t d i d a e r a h i n i a d a l a h p a t r i l i n e a l , d i m a n a t a n a h -t a m a h y a n g d i a d a p a t s e s e o r a n g s e g e r a m e m b e l i a t a u m e m b u k a h u t a n , l a m a m e n j a d i m i l i k n y a k e l u a r g a d a n k e m u d i a n m e n j a d i

^ Dirjen Saragih, Pengantar H u k u m Indoenesia, Tersito. Bandung, 1980, h,163.

26

m i l i k n y a f a m i l i k e t u r u n a n p e m i l i k s e m u l a . J a d i s e p e n i n g g a l a n n y a p e m i l i k s e m u l a t a n a h - t a n a h d e n g a n t a n a m a n n y a t e m a p t t i n g g a l t i d a k t e r b a g i - b a g i . ' ^ *

b . H a r t a P u s t a k a d i M i n a n g K a b a u

M a s y a r a k a t M i n a n g K a b a u d e n g a n s u s u n a n m a s y a r a k a t n y a m a t r i l i n e a l , m e m p e r h a t i k a n a d a n y a b a r a n g - b a r a n g k e l u a r g a s e p e r t i t a n a h p e r t a n i a n , p e k a r a n g a n d e n g a n r u m a h d a n t e m a k , p e r k e b u a n , k e r i s d a n I a i n - l a i n y a n g m e r u p a k a n h a r t a p u s a k a m i l i k k e l u a r g a . B ' ' ' * a r a n g - b a r a n g i n i h a n y a d a p a t d i p a k a i s a j a ( g e n g g a m h a u n t i n g ) t i d a k d i m i l i k i s e c a r a s e n d i r i - s e n d i r i . ' ^

K e n y a t a a n i n i r e f l e k s i d a r i a l a m p i k i r a n k e k e l u a r g a a n d i m a n a a n a k

m e s k i p u n s u d a h k a w i n , b e l u m l e p a s d a r i p e n g a w a s a n d a n c a m p u r t a n g a n

k e l u a r g a . s e d a n g k a n s i f a t w a r i s m e n u r u t K U H P e r d a t a a d a l a h i n d i v i d u ,

d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i k e t e n t u a n p a s a l 1 0 6 6 K U H P e r d a t a y a i t u b a h w a t i a d a

s e o r a n g p u n y a n g m e m p i m y a i b a g i a n d a l a m h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n d i w a j i b a k a n

m e n e r i m a b e r l a n g s i m g n y a h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n i t u d i d a l a m k e a d a a n t i d a k

t e r b a g i .

A h l i - a h l i w a r i s t e r s e b u t a d a y a n g b e r h a k legitime protie y a i t u a h l i

w a r i s d a l a m g a r i s l u r u s k e b a w a h t e r d i r i d a r i i b u , b a p a k d a n a n a k ,

s e d a n g k a n a h l i w a r i s d a l a m g a r i s k e t u r u n a n k e a t a s d a r i k a k e k , n e n e k d a n

s e t e r u s n y a k e a t a s .

2 . S i s t e m P e w a r i s

' Soepomo V/igpyodipoero, Pengantar dan Asas-asas Hukum Adat. Jakarta, 1975Ji. 166.

"*lbi(Ui.l67.

2 7

H u k u m w a r i s a d a t e r a t s e k a l i d e n g a n c a r a m e n a r i k g a r i s k e t u r u n a n .

S e c a r a t e o r i t i s c a r a m e n a r i k g a r i s k e t u r u n a n i t u t e r d i r i d a r i s i s t e m

m a t r i l i n e a l , p a t r l i l i n e a l d a n p a r e n t a l a t a u b i l a t e r a l . H a l i n i t e u t a m a b e r k a i t a n

d e n g a n p a r a a h l i w a r i s n y a .

A n a t a r a s i s t e m k e t u n m a n y a n g s a t u d e n g a n y a n g l a i n d i k a r e n a k a n

h u b u n g a n p e r k a w i n a n d a p a t b e r l a k u u n t u k c a m p u r t a n g a n a t a u b e r g a n t i -

g a n t i d i a n t a r a s i s t e m p a t r i l i n e a l - m a t r i l i n e a l . d i d a l m p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a d i

I n d o n e s i a s e k a r a n g t a m a p a k b e r t a m b a h b e s a m y a p e n g a r u h k e k u a s a a n

b a p a k - i b u ( p a r e n t a l ) d a n b e r t a m b a h s u m t n y a p e n g a r u h k e k u a s a a n k e r a b a t

d a l a m h a l m e n y a n g k u t k e b e n d a a n d a n p e w a r i s a n . N a m u n d e m i k i a n d i s a n a

s i n i t e m t a m a d i k a l a n g a n m a s y a r a k a t d i p e d e s a a n m a s i h b a n y a k j u g a y a n g

m a s i h b e r t a h a n p a d a s i s t e m k e t u r u n a n d a n k e k e r a b a t a n a d a t y a n g l a m a ,

s e h i n g g a a p a y a n g d i k e m u k a k a n o l e h H a z a i r i n m a s i h n a m p a k

k e b e n a r a n n y a . I a m e n y a t a k a n :

" H u k u m w a r i s a d a t m e m p u n y a i c o r k a t e r s e n d i r i d a r i a l a m p i k i r a n

m a s y r a k a t y a n g t r a d i s i o n a l d e n g a n b e n t u k k e k e r a b a t a n y a n g s i s t e m

k e t u m a n n y a p a t r i l i n e a l , m a t r i l i n e a l d a n p a r e n t a l a t a u b i l a t e r a l " . ' * *

M a s y a r a k a t b a n g s a I n d o n e s i a y a n g m e n g a n u t b e r b a g a i m a c a m

a g a m a d a n k e p e r c a y a a n y a n g b e r b e d a - b e d a m e m p u n y a i b e n t u k - b e n t u k

k e k r a b a t a n d e n g a n s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n a d a t y a n g b e r b e d a . S e c a r a t e o r i t i s

s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n a d a t i t u d a p a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i t i g a c o r a k :

Hazairin dan Hilman Hadikusuma, Hukum Waris Adat. Alumni Bandung, 1983Ji-34.

2 8

S i s t e m P e w a r i s a n I n d i v i d u a l

P e w a r i s a n d e n g a n s i s t e m i n d i v i d u a t a u p e r s e o r a n g a n a d a l a m

s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n d i m a n a s e t i a p w a r i s m e n d a p a t k a n p e m b a g i a n

u n t u k d a p a t m e n g u a s a i d a n u n t u k m e m i l i k i h a r t a w a r i s a n m e n u r u t

b a g i a n n y a m a s i n g - m a s i n g .

C i r i p e w a r i s a n i n i a d a l a h h a r t a p e n i n g g a l d a r i p e w a r i s d a p a t

d i b a g i k a n p e m i l i k n y a a n t a r a l a i n w a r i s s e p e r t i d i m a s y a r a k a t y a n g

s i s t e m k e k e l u a r g a a n n y a b i l a t e r a l ( j ^ w a ) y a n g d i i a k u k a n p a d a s a a t

a n a k - a n a k m u l a i h i d u p m a n d i r i .

F a k t o r y a n g m e n y a b a b k a n p e r l u d i l a k s a n a k a n n y a p e m b a g i a n

w a r i s a n s e c a r a i n d i v i d u a l d i k a r e n a k a n t i d a k a d a l a g i y a n g b e r h a s r a t

m e m i m p i n p e n g u a s a a n a t a u p e m i l i k a n h a r t a w a r i s a n s e c a r a b e r s a m a .

K e l e m a h a n d a r i s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n i n d i v i d u a l a d a l a h p e c a h n y a h a r t a

w a r i s a n m e r e n g g a n g n y a t a l i s i l a t u r a h m i k e k e r a b a t a n t a n g d a p a t

b e r a k i b a t t i m b u l n y a h a s r a t i n g i n m e m i l i k i k e b e n d a a n s e c a r a p r i b a d i

d a n m e m e n t i n g k a n d i r i s e n d i r i .

S i s t e m P w a r i s a n K o l e k t i f

D i m a n a h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n d i t e r u s k a n d a n d i a l i h k a n

p e m i l i k n y a d a r i p e w a r i s k e p a d a a h l i w a r i s s e b a g a i s a t u k e s a t u a n

y a n g t i d a k t e r b a g i - b a g i p e n g u a s a a n d a n p e m i l i k n y a , m e l a i n k a n

s e t i a p w a r i s b e r h a k u n t u k m e n g u s a h a k a n a t a u m e n d a p a t k a n h a s i l

d a r i p e n i n g g a l a n h a r t a i t u .

2 9

M e n u r u t H i l m a n H a d i k u s u m a , " b a g a i m a n a c a r a p e m a k a i a n

u n t u k k e p e n t i n g a n d a n k e b u t u h a n m a s i n g - m a s i n g w a r i s d i a t u r

b e r s a m a a t a s d a s a r m u s w a r a h d a n m u f a k a t o l e h s e m u a a n g g o t a

k e r a b a t y a n g b e r h a k a t a s h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n d i b a w a h b i m b i n g a n

k e p a l a k e r a b a t . ' ^ *

C i r i p e w a r i s a n i n i b a h w a h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n i t u a k a n d i w a r i s i

o l e h s e k u m p u l a n a h l i w a r i s y a n g m e r u p a k a n s e m a c a m b a d a n h u k u m ,

d i m a n a h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n i t u d i s e b u t h a r t a p u s t a k a , t i d a k b o l e h

d i b a g i - b a g i k a n p e m i l i k n y a k e p a d a a h l i w a r i s d a n h a n y a b o l e h

d i b a g i - b a g i k a n p e m a k a i a n n y a s a j a , s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n d a p a t

d i l i h a t p a d a m a s y a r a k a t m a t r i l i n e a l d i M i n a n g K a b a u d a n m a s y a r a k a t

p a t r l i l n e a l d i A m b o n y a n g d i k e n a l d e n g a n t a n a h d a t i d a n j u g a d a e r a h

M i n a h a s a y a n g d i k e n a l d e n g a n t a n a h k a l a k e r a n y a . K e l e m a h a n

s i s t e m k o l e k t i f i n i a d a l a h m e n u m b u h n k a n c a r a b e r f i k i r t e r l a l u s e m p i t

k u r a n g t e r b u k a b a g i o r a n g l a i n , s e d a n g k a n k e b a i k a n n y a y a i t u a p a b i l a

f u n g s i h a r t a k e k a y a a n i t u d i p e r u n t u k k a n b u a t k e l a n g s u n g a h i d u p

k e l u a r g a b e s a r i t u u n t u k s e k a r a n g d a n m a s a s e t e r u s n y a , m a s i h t e t a p

b e r p e r a n , t o l i o n g m e n o l o n g a n a t a r a s a t u d e n g a n y a n g l a i n d i b a w a h

p i m p i n a n k e p a l a k e r a b a t .

Ibid, h.26.

3 0

S i s t e m P e w a r i s a n M a y o r a t

S i s t e m p e w a r i s a n m a y o r a t s e s i m g g u h n y a a d a l a h j u g a

m e r u p a k a n s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n k o l e k t i f , h a n y a s a j a p e n e r u s a n d a n

p e n g a l i h a n h a k p e n g u a s a a n a t a s h a r t a y a n g t i d a k t e r b a g i - b a g i i t u

d i l i m p a h k a n k e p a d a a n a k t e r t u a y a n g b e r t u g a s s e b a g a i p e m i m p i n

r u m a h t a n g g a a t a u k e p a l a k e l u a r g a m e n g g a n t i k a n k e d u d u k a n b a p a k

a t a u i b u s e b a g a i k e p a l a k e l u a r g a .

A n a k t e r t u a p a d a s a a t m e n i n g g a l n y a p e w a r i s b e r h a k t u n g g a l

u n t u k m e w a r i s i s e j u m l a h h a r t a p o k o k d a r i s u a t u k e l u a r g a y a n g

b e r k e w a j i b a n m e n g u r u s d a n m e m b e r i n a f k a h i b u n y a d a n s a u d a r a -

s a u d a r a n y a y a n g b e l u m d e w a s a s a m p a i m e r e k a b e r k e l u a r g a d a n

b e r d i r i s e n d i r i d a l m s a t u k e k e r a b a t a n m e r e k a y a n g t u r u n t e m u r u n .

J a d i h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n i t u d i t e r u s k a n p e m i l i k n y a d a r i p e w a r i s k e p a d a

a h l i w a r i s s e b a g a i s u a t u k e s a t u a n y a n g t i d a k t e r b a g i b a g i p e n g u a s a a n

d a n p e m i l i k n y a .

S i s t e m m a y o r i t a s i n i a d a d i k a r e n a k a n p e m b e d a a n s i s t e m

k e t u r u n a n y a n g d i a n u t m a y o r a t l a k i - l a k i d a n m a y o r a t p e r e m p u a n .

S i s t e m p e w a r i s b e i h a k t u n g g a l i m t u k m e w a r i s i s e l u r u h p o k o k d a r i

s u a t u k e l u a r g a .

K e l e m a h a n d a n k e b a i k a n s i s t e m i n i t e r l e t a k p a d a

k e p e m i m p i n a n a n a k t e r t u a d a l a m m e n g u r u s i h a r t a k e k a y a a n d a n

3 1

m e m a n f a a t k a n n y a g u n a k e p e n t i n g a n s e m u a a n g g o t a k e l u a r g a y a n g

d i t i n g g a l k a n .

A n a k t e r t u a y a n g p e n u h t a n g g i m g j a w a b a k a n d a t a

m e m p e r t a h a n k a n k e u t u h a n d a n k e r u k u n a n k e l u a r g a n y a s a m p a i

s e m u a a h l i w a r i s m e n j a d i d e w a s a d a n b e r d i r i s e n d i r i , t e t a p i j i k a a n a k

t e r t u a t i d a k b e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b d a n t i d a k d a p a t m e n g e n d a l i k a n d i r i

t e r h a d a p k e b e n d a a n , y a n g p e m b o r o s m a k a i a a k a n d i u r u s o l e h

k e l u a r g a y a n g l a i n . P a d a t i n g k a t y a n g p a l i n g k r u s i a l d a l a m

p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a g i a n w a r i s b e r d a s a r k a n p e n a f s i r a n n i l a i b e n d a

w a r i s a n y a n g k e m u d i a n d i b a g i k a n m e n u r u t k e t e n t u a n d a n

m u s y a w a r a h a d a t

S i s t e m k e t u r u n a n y a n g t e r d a p a t d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t I n d o n e s i a

m e m i l i k i k e k h u s u s a n d a l a m h u k u m w a r i s n y a , y a i t u :

1 . S i s t e m P a t r i l i n e a l

A d a l a h s i s t e m k e k e l u a r g a a n y a n g m e n a r i k g a r i s k e t u r u n a n n e n e k

m o y a n g l a k i - l a k i . D i d a l a m s i s t e m i n i k e d u d u k a n d a n p e n g a r u h p i h a k l a k i -

l a k i d a l a m h u k u m w a r i s s a n g a t m e n o n j o l .

2 . S i s t e m M a t r i l i n e a l

S i s t e m k e k e l u a r g a a n y a n g m e n a r i k g a r i s k e t u r u n a n p i h a k n e n e k

m o y a n g p e r e m p u a n , d i m a n a p i h a k l a k i - l a k i t i d a k m e n j a d i u n t u k a n a k -

a n a k n y a .

3 2

3 . S i s t e m P a r e n t a l d a n B i l a t e r a l

S i s t e m y a n g m e n a r i k g a r i s k e t u r u n a n d a r i d u a s i s i , b a i k d a r i p i h a k

a y a h a t a u p i h a k i b u . D i d a l a m s i s t e m i n i k e d u d u k a n a n a k l a k i - l a k i d a n

p e r e m p u a n m e r u p a k a n a h l i w a r i s d a r i h a r t a p e n i n g g a l a n o r a n g t u a m e r e k a .

P r o s e s p e n e r u s a n d a n p e m i n d a h t a n g a n a n h a r t a k e k a y a a n d a p a t

t e r j a d i k a r e n a a d a n y a u n s u r p e w a r i s a n d a n a h l i w a r i s , b i l a s a l a h s a t u u n s u r

t e r s e b u t t i d a k a d a m a k a a k a n t e r j a d i s u a t u k e k a c a u a , u n s u r - u n s u r h u k u m

w a r i s a d a t a d a l a h : p e w a r i s , a h l i w a r i s d a n h a r t a w a r i s a n .

P e w a r i s a d a l a h s e s e o r a n g y a n g m e n i n g g a l k a n h a r t a w a r i s a n n y a ,

a p a k a h p e w a r i s i t u m a m p u m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n h u k u m t e r t e n t u . S e p e r t i

p e r b u a t a n h i b a h , w a s i a t d i m a n a d i t u n t u t s u a t u s y a r a t t e r t e n t u .

S y a r a t u t a m a b a g i s e s e o r a n g u n t u k m e n g h i b a h k a n a t a u m e w a r i s k a n

h a r t a n i l i k n y a h a r u s l a h s e o r a n g y a n g m a m p u m e n e n t u k a n k e h e n d a k n y a

s e c a r a b e b a s d a n m e r d e k a , s y a r a t - s a y a r a t t e r s e b u t , y a i t u :

a . P i k i r a n S e h a t

s e o r a n g d a p a t m e m b a n t u s u a t u h i b a h a t a u w a s i a t , a p a b i l a i a m a m p u

m e m b e d a k a n p e r b u a t a n b a i k d a n b i m i k . K a r e n a i t u o r a n g y a n g t i d a k d a p a t

d o g o l o n g k a n a t a s d a s a r u k u r a n d i a t a s t e r h a d a p o r a n g g i l a , d a l a m k e a d a a n

m a b u k , m e n d e r i t a s a k i t y a n g s a m p a i t i d a k s a d a r k a n d i r i , j i k a i a m e m b u a t

h i b a h a t a u w a s i a t m a k a d a p a t d i t u n t u t p e m b a t a l a n n y a o l e h a h l i w a r i s d a n

o r a n g y a n g b e r k e p e n t i n g a n d e n g a n s o a l - s o a l p e w a r i s a n s e p e r t i k r e d i t u r .

3 3

M e n u r u t k e l a z i m a n , p e w a r i s a n d i m a n a p e w a r i s y a n g p i k i r a n n y a

t i d a k s e h a t , m a k a b e r l a k u k a n l a h p e w a r i s a n t a n p a w a s i a t .

b . D e w a s a d a n C u k u p B e r b u a t

D a l a m h u k u m a d a t a d a u k u r a n y a n g p a s t i m e n g e n a i k e d e w a s a a n

s e s e o r a n g . N a m u n s a l a h s a t u u n s u r s e s e o r a n g d i k a t a k a n c u k u p b e r b u a t

a p a b i l a o r a n g t e r s e b u t t e l a h d e w a s a d a n t e l a h m a m p u b e r d i r i d a n c a k a p

d a l a m m e l a k u k a n s e g a l a p e r b u a t a n h u k u m .

c . T i a d a K e k e l i r u a n

S y a r a t a g a r p e m b u a t a n h i b a h a t a u w a s i a t d i a n g g a p s a h m a n a k a l a

t i d a k t e r j a d i k e k e l i r u a n a r t i n y a t e r c a p a i a t a u k a u s a l i t a s y a n g b e n a r .

M a n a k a l a m a k s u d t i d a k t e r c a p a i h u b u n g a n s a s a r a n y a n g d i t u j u m e l e s e t ,

m a k a d a p a t d i t u n t u t p e m b a t a l a n o l e h o r a n g y a n g b e r f i a k a t a u m e n g a t u r a g a r

h a k y a n g d i b e r i k a n t e r c a p a i m a k s u d n y a .

d . T i a d a P a k s a a n

O r a n g y a n g m e m b u a t h i b a h a t a u w a s i a t k a r e n a k e a d a a n t e r p a k s a

s e p e r t i m e n d a p a t t e k a n a n , s e h i n g g a k e m e r d e k a a n d a n k e b e b a s a n n y a

t e r a n c a m , m a k h i b a h i t u m e n j a d i b a t a l . K e a d a a n b a t a l i n i b e r a k h i r m a n a k a l a

p i h a k y a n g d i r u g i k a n b a i k s e c a r a t e g a s a t a u d i a m - d i a m m e n y e t u j u i i s i h i b a h

t e r s e b u t .

e . T i a d a P e n i p u a n

P e n g h i b a h a n a t a u p e w a s i a t y a n g m e m b u a t h i b a h a t a u w a s i a t a t a s

h a r t a k e k a y a a n y a n g b u k a n m i l k n y a m a k a b a t a l d e n g a n s e n d i r i n y a .

3 4

S i s t e m p e w a r i s a n m e n u r u t K U H P e r d a t a a d a l a h i n d i v i d u a l , d i m a n a

h a r t a j i k a p e w a r i s a n w a f a t a t a u m e n i n g g a l d u n i a h a r u s s e l e k a s - l e k a s n y a

d i a d a k a n p e m b a g i a n , s i s t e m i n i d a p a t d i l i h a t d a l a m p a s a l 1 0 6 6 K U H

P e r d a t a , p a r a a h l i w a r i s d a l a m s i s t e m i n i d i b e r i h a k u n t u k m e m i l i h d i a n t a r a

t i g a s i k a p y a i t u :

a . S i k a p m e n e r i m a s e c a r a p e n u h , b e r a r t i a h l i w a r i s m e n e r i m a w a r i s a n

t e r m a s u k h u t a n g - p i u t a n g p e w a r i s ;

b . S i k a p m e n e r i m a d e n g a n s y a r a t , b e r a r t i a h l i w a r i s m e n e r i m a w a r i s a n

s e c a r a t e r p e r i n c i d a n h u t a n g - h u t a n g p e w a r i s a k a n d i b a y a r

b e r d a s a r k a n b a r a n g - b a r a n g w a r i s a n y a n g d i t e r i m a ;

c . S i k a p m e n o l a k , b e r a r t i a h l i w a r i s t i d a k m a u m e n e r i m a w a r i s a n

k a r e n a i a t i d a k t a h u m e n a h u m e n g e n a i p e n g u r u s a n w a r i s a n t e r s e b u t .

D a r i u r a i a n d i a t a s , K U H P e r a d a t a m e n g a n u t s i s t e m p e w a r i s a n

i n d i v i d u a l y a n g m u m i b e r d a s a r k a n k e p e n t i n g a n d i r i s e n d i r i d a p a t m e n g e l a k

d a r i b e b a n p e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n t e r h a d a p p e w a r i s a t a s p e r i i i t u n g a n u n t u n g

r u g i . S i s t e m i n i s a n g a t b e r b e d a d e n g a n s i s t e m h u k u m a d a t .

3 . H a r t a W a r i s a n

M e n u r u t p e n g e r t i a n y a n g u m u m w a r i s a n a d a l a h s e m u a h a r t a b e n d a

y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n o l e h s e o r a n g y a n g m e n i n g g a l d u n i a ( p e w a r i s ) , b a i k

b e n d a i t u s e d a n d i b a g i - b a g i k a n a t a u b e l u m t e r b a g i a t a u