Pharmacology Treatment (Based on algorhytm)

EDUKASIDr Stella Palar, SpPD-KGHHIPERTENSISilent killerSering kali pasien tidak menyadari adanya hipertensi sampai timbulnya komplikasi ke target organ

KENDALA PASIEN HIPERTENSI :

Biaya pengobatan

Bosan Minum Obat

Pola Hidup Sulit diubah

Keyakinan sudah sembuh3The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

TD tinggi dapat diatasi dengan mendonorkan darah Tidak benar, justru berbahaya apalagi bila TD tidak terkontrol. Bila darah didonorkan, justru TD akan bertambah tinggi dan membahayakan.4The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

2. Tidak pusing TD normal / tidak tinggiTidak benar, justru sering kali anggapan ini membuat pasien datang ketika penyakitnya sudah parah dan menimbulkan komplikasi.5The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

3. Minum obat bila perlu saja, cukup diet dan olahraga

Tidak sepenuhnya benar, diet dan olah raga memang diperlukan, namun pada kondisi tertentu memerlukan pengobatan seumur hidup untuk mengontrol tekanan darah6The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

4. Persepsi pasien menganggap sudah sembuh.

Istilah sembuh tidak digunakan untuk penyakit degeneratif, namun menggunakan istilah terkontrol atau terkendali. Karena istilah sembuh sering membuat pasien memiliki persepsi yang salah dan tidak mau minum obat lagi.7The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

5. Obat antihipertensi membuat ketergantungan

Obat anti hipertensi tidak mengakibatkan ketergantungan seperti narkoba atau zat aditif lainnya. Pasien tidak perlu kuatir bila sesuai dengan anjuran dokter dan kontrol berkala. Hipertensi yang tidak diobati lebih berbahaya dibandingkan efek samping obat anti hipertensi.8The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

6. semua penyakit pasti ada obatnya, berarti apakah semua penyakit dapat sembuh?

memang benar semua penyakit ada obatnya namun tidak berarti semua penyakit dapat sembuh. Dalam dunia kedokteran ada 4 fungsi obat; obat sebagai pencegahan penyakit, untuk mengontrol penyakit, untuk menghilangkan keluhan/gejala tanpa menghilangkan penyebabnya dan untuk menyembuhkan9The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

7. Efek obat antihipertensi : menyebabkan hipotensi, TD bisa menjadi nol.

Pada sebagian besar kasus, tensi tidak akan turun lagi, karena mekanisme kompensasi tubuh (autoregulasi) untuk mengontrol TD.10The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

SALAH PAHAM MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIPERTENSI :

8. Anemia (kurang darah) sering diidentikkan dengan TD rendah

Anemia dan TD merupakan hal yang berbeda. Sering pada anemia TD meningkat karena mekanisme kompensasi. Anemia yang membuat TD rendah adalah pada perdarahan akut yang hebat. 11The five major classes of antihypertensive drugs are the diuretics, calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).

This slide summarizes the main mechanisms of action for each of these classes:

Diuretics: Increase the rate of excretion of sodium (and other salts) and water by preventing their reabsorption into the bloodstream, thereby decreasing extracellular fluid volume.CCBs: Inhibit the influx of calcium ions into myocytes of cardiac and smooth muscle tissue, thereby altering muscle contraction.Beta-blockers: Prevent stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, thereby decreasing cardiac activity.ACE inhibitors: Inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II, by blocking the activity of ACE.ARBs: Inhibit the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin type 1 receptor site, without affecting binding of angiotensin II to the type 2 receptors.

Thank you