11 pengaturan asam basa

8/17/2019 11 Pengaturan Asam Basa

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ASAM BASA.. ASAM BASA..

pHpH

[H[H++

]]



3

Acid Bas

No"asi #H dici#"a*an olh soran) ahli *i!ia dari Dn!ar*No"asi #H dici#"a*an olh soran) ahli *i!ia dari Dn!ar*

yai"u Sorn ("r Sornsn #ada "hn +,,. yan) /rar"i lo)yai"u Sorn ("r Sornsn #ada "hn +,,. yan) /rar"i lo)

n)a"i& dari *onsn"rasi ion hidro)n0 Dala! /ahasa 1r!ann)a"i& dari *onsn"rasi ion hidro)n0 Dala! /ahasa 1r!an

dis/u"dis/u"WasserstoffionenexponentWasserstoffionenexponent 2*s#onn ion hidro)n32*s#onn ion hidro)n3dan di/ri si!/ol #H yan) /rar"i: 4dan di/ri si!/ol #H yan) /rar"i: 4##o"n56 2#o7r3 o&o"n56 2#o7r3 o&

HHydro)n0ydro)n0



4

Acid-Base Balance

• Normal pH of body fluids – Arterial blood is 7.4

– Venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.3

– !ntracellular fluid is 7."

• Al#alosis or al#alemia – arterial blood pHrises abo$e 7.4

• Acidosis or acidemia – arterial pH dropsbelo% 7.3



&ources of Hydro'en !ons

• (ost )ydro'en ions ori'inate from cellularmetabolism – Brea#do%n of p)osp)orus-containin' proteins

releases p)osp)oric acid into t)e *+, – Anaerobic respiration of 'lucose produces lactic

acid

– ,at metabolism yields or'anic acids and #etonebodies

– ransportin' carbon dioide as bicarbonatereleases )ydro'en ions



/

Acid0Base Homeostasis1 $er$ie% Acid0Base Homeostasis1 $er$ie%



7

Hydro'en !on e'ulation

• +oncentration of )ydro'en ions isre'ulated seuentially by1 – +)emical buffer systems – act %it)in seconds

– )e respiratory center in t)e brain stem – acts%it)in 5-3 minutes

– enal mec)anisms – reuire )ours to days to

effect pH c)an'es



6

+)emical Buffer &ystems

• ne or t%o molecules t)at act to resist pHc)an'es %)en stron' acid or base isadded

• )ree maor c)emical buffer systems – Bicarbonate buffer system

– 8)osp)ate buffer system

– 8rotein buffer system



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5. Bicarbonate Buffer &ystem

• A miture of carbonic acid :H2+3; and itssalt< sodium bicarbonate :NaH+3;:potassium or ma'nesium bicarbonates%or# as %ell;

• !f stron' acid is added1 – Hydro'en ions released combine %it) t)e

bicarbonate ions and form carbonic acid :a%ea# acid;

– )e pH of t)e solution decreases only sli')tly



5"

Bicarbonate Buffer &ystem

• !f stron' base is added1 – !t reacts %it) t)e carbonic acid to form sodium

bicarbonate :a %ea# base;

– )e pH of t)e solution rises only sli')tly

• )is system is t)e only important *+,buffer



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2. 8)osp)ate Buffer &ystem

• Nearly identical to t)e bicarbonate system

• !ts components are1

– &odium salts of di)ydro'en p)osp)ate:H284 =;< a %ea# acid

– (ono)ydro'en p)osp)ate :H842 =;< a %ea#

base

• )is system is an effecti$e buffer in urineand intracellular fluid



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3. 8rotein Buffer &ystem

• 8lasma and intracellular proteins are t)ebody>s most plentiful and po%erful buffers

• &ome amino acids of proteins )a$e1 – ,ree or'anic acid 'roups :%ea# acids;

– ?roups t)at act as %ea# bases :e.'.< amino

'roups;



53

Buffer &ystems

• )e respiratory system re'ulation of acid-base balance is a p)ysiolo'ical bufferin'

system

• )ere is a re$ersible euilibrium1

+2 @ H2↔ H2+3 ↔ H@ @ H+3 ¯



54

Buffer &ystems

• )en )ypercapnia or risin' plasma H@ occurs1

– eeper and more rapid breat)in' epels morecarbon dioide

– Hydro'en ion concentration is reduced• Al#alosis causes slo%er< more s)allo%

breat)in'< causin' H@ to increase



5

enal (ec)anisms of Acid-BaseBalance

• +)emical buffers can tie up ecess acidsor bases< but t)ey cannot eliminate t)emfrom t)e body

• )e lun's can eliminate carbonic acid byeliminatin' carbon dioide

• nly t)e #idneys can rid t)e body of

metabolic acids :p)osp)oric< uric< andlactic acids and #etones; and pre$entmetabolic acidosis



5/

enal (ec)anisms of Acid-Base Balance

• )e most important renal mec)anisms forre'ulatin' acid-base balance are1 – +onser$in' :reabsorbin'; or 'eneratin' ne%

bicarbonate ions – *cretin' bicarbonate ions

• Cosin' a bicarbonate ion is t)e same as

'ainin' a )ydro'en ionD reabsorbin' abicarbonate ion is t)e same as losin' a)ydro'en ion



b ti f Bi b t



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eabsorption of Bicarbonate

H d ! * ti



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Hydro'en !on *cretion



2"

Ammonium !on *cretion

• )is met)od uses ammonium ions

produced by t)e metabolism of 'lutaminein 8+ cells

• *ac) 'lutamine metaboliFed produces t%oammonium ions and t%o bicarbonate ions

• Bicarbonate mo$es to t)e blood andammonium ions are ecreted in urine

A i ! * i



25

Ammonium !on *cretion



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Bicarbonate !on &ecretion

• )en t)e body is in al#alosis< type Bintercalated cells1 – *)ibit bicarbonate ion secretion

– eclaim )ydro'en ions and acidify t)e blood• )e mec)anism is t)e opposite of type A

intercalated cells and t)e bicarbonate ionreabsorption process

• *$en durin' al#alosis< t)e nep)rons andcollectin' ducts ecrete fe%er bicarbonateions t)an t)ey conser$e

Eid H d ! B l i + ll ti t



Eidney Hydro'en !on Balancin'1 +ollectin' uct



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SourcsSourcs

5. Ac)madi< A.< ?eor'e< GH.< (ustafa< !. 8ende#atan &te%artI8ende#atan &te%artIalam ,isiolo'i Eeseimban'an Asam Basa. 2""7alam ,isiolo'i Eeseimban'an Asam Basa. 2""7

2. Beaudoin< . *lectrolytes and ion sensiti$e electrodes. 88.2""3.

3. !$#o$ic< A .< a$e< . enal re$ie%. 88

4. Eersten. ,luid and electrolytes. 88.

. (arieb< *N. ,luid< electrolyte< and acid-base balance. 88.

8earson *ducation< !nc. 2""4/. as)id< ,A. espiratory mec)anism in acid-base )omeostasis.

88. 2"".

7. &il$ert)orn< J. !nte'rati$e 8)ysiolo'y !!1 ,luid and *lectrolyteBalance. +)apter 2"< part B. 8earson *ducation< !nc. 2""4

6. &mit)< &. Acid-Base isorders. %%%.acid-base.com

http://www.acid-base.com/

http://www.acid-base.com/

11 pengaturan asam basa

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