1 pertemuan 9 understanding public b2b exchanges and portals matakuliah: j0324/sistem e-bisnis...

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Pertemuan 9 Understanding Public B2B

Exchanges and Portals

Matakuliah : J0324/Sistem e-Bisnis

Tahun : 2005

Versi : 02/02

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

• menguraikan konsep dan aplikasi portal pertukaran informasi B2B

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Outline Materi

• B2B Electronic Exchanges – An Overview

• B2B Portals

• Third Party (Trading) Exchanges

• Consortium Trading Exchanges

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ChemConnect: The World Chemical Exchange

• The Problem– Before the Internet, the B2B trading process

was slow, fragmented, ineffective, and costly– Buyers paid too much, sellers had high

expenses, and intermediaries were needed to smooth the trading process

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ChemConnect: The World Chemical Exchange (cont.)

• The Solution– Traders meet electronically in a large Internet

marketplace– Save on transaction costs, reduce cycle time,

and find new markets and trading partners around the globe

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– ChemConnect provides a trading marketplace and an information portal to over 7,500 members in 135 countries

– Members are: • Producers• Consumers• Distributors• Traders• Intermediaries involved in the chemical industry

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– Trading Center consists of 3 trading areas1. Marketplace for buyers

2. Marketplace for sellers

3. Commodity market platform

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– ChemConnect members use the Trading Center to streamline sales and sourcing processes by automating requests for quotes, proposals, and finding new suppliers

– The center enables a member to negotiate more efficiently with existing business partners as well as with new companies the member may invite to the table in complete privacy

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– The revenue model includes:• members’ annual transaction fees• monthly or annual subscription fees (for

trading and for auctions)• fulfillment service fees

– Three trading locations provide up-to-the-minute market information

– Business partners provide several support services (payments, delivery, etc.)

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• The Results– Benefits of ChemConnect to its members are:

• more efficient business processes• lower overall transaction costs• time saved during negotiations and biddings • sellers reach more buyers and liquidate

surpluses rapidly

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• What we can learn…– Electronic exchange is owned and operated

by a third-party intermediary – Buyers and sellers, as well as other business

partners, congregate electronically to conduct business

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B2B Electronic Exchanges

• Public e-marketplaces (public exchanges): Trading venues open to all interested parties (sellers and buyers) and usually run by third parties

• Exchange: A many-to-many e-marketplace. Also known as e-marketplaces, e-markets, and trading exchanges

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B2B Electronic Exchanges (cont.)

• Market maker: The third-party that operates an exchange (and in many cases, also owns the exchange)

• Systematic sourcing: Purchasing done in long-term supplier–buyer relationships

• Spot sourcing: Unplanned purchases made as the need arises

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• Vertical exchange: An exchange whose members are in one industry or industry segment

• Horizontal exchanges: Exchanges that handle materials used by companies in different industries

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• Dynamic pricing: A rapid movement of prices over time, and possibly across customers, as a result of supply and demand

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• Process that results in dynamic pricing in most exchanges includes

1. A company posts a bid to buy a product or an offer to sell one

2. Anonymity is often a key ingredient of dynamic pricing

3. Buyers and sellers interact with bids and offers in real time

4. A deal is struck when there is an exact match between a buyer and a seller on price, volume, and other variables such as location or quality

5. The deal is consummated, and payment and delivery are arranged

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• Functions of exchanges– Matching buyers and sellers– Facilitating transactions– Maintaining exchange policies and

infrastructure

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• Ownership of exchanges– An industry giant– A neutral entrepreneur– The consortia (or “third-party” co-op)

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• Revenue models– Transaction fees– Fee for service– Membership fees– Advertising fees– Other revenue

sources

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• Governance and organization– Membership

the community in the exchange

– Site access and securityinformation should be carefully protected

– Services provided by exchangesprovide many services to buyers and sellers

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• Source : Turban, Efraim, David King, Jae Lee and Dennis Viehland. Electronic Commerce. A Managerial Perspective (2004). Prentice Hall. PPT for Chapter : 7

1 pertemuan 9 understanding public b2b exchanges and portals matakuliah: j0324/sistem e-bisnis...

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