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  • 8/14/2019 00051-Phoenix ADA

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    This special report presents findings based on datasubmitted by 14 hospitals in the Phoenixmetropolitan area for 2002.

    Of the 880,000 visits to Phoenix area emergencydepartments (EDs) in 2002, slightly more than1 percent (10,292) were related to drug abuse.

    During 2002, the most common drugs involvedin these ED visits were alcohol in combinationwith other drugs, narcotic analgesics (painrelievers), cocaine, benzodiazepines,amphetamines, and marijuana.

    Between 1995 and 2002, ED mentions of painrelievers in Phoenix increased 156 percent (from24 to 62 mentions per 100,000 population).

    Among the DAWN areas, Phoenix ranked inthe top 5 in terms of ED visits involvingamphetamines and methamphetamine in 2002.

    DAWN: The Warning NetworkLocal information is essential tosupport local action, and drugs, druguse, and drug-related morbidity candiffer dramatically across communities.DAWN focuses on metropolitan areasto reveal emerging drug problemsbefore they become widespread.DAWN detects new drugs, new drugcombinations, new health consequencesof drug use, and changing patterns involvingold drugs. Facilities participating in DAWNcan use this information to train staff andimprove patient care. Communities can use thisinformation to plan, target resources, and act more effectively.

    Today, hospitals in Phoenix and 20 other metropolitan areas serve theircommunities by participating in DAWN. Expansion to other areas is underway.

    APRIL 2004

    DAWNserves a diverse audience. In addition to participating facilities, users include researchers and policy analysts; pharmaceutical firms;

    State and local substance abuse agencies; community coalitions; and Federal agencies, including the White House Office of National Drug

    Control Policy, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. For more information, go to

    http://DAWNinfo.samhsa.gov/.

    Detroit

    Buffalo

    Boston

    New York

    Newark

    Philadelphia

    Chicago

    Minneapolis

    St. Louis

    Seattle

    DenverSan Francisco

    Los Angeles

    PhoenixDallas

    Atlanta

    Washington

    Baltimore

    Miami

    New

    Orleans

    San

    Diego

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    Amphet-amines

    Benzo-diazepines

    CocaineNarcoticanalgesics

    (pain relievers)

    Alcohol-in-combination

    2,239

    1,727

    1,4361,548

    Numberofvi

    sits

    1,838

    Top 5 drugs in drug abuse-relatedED visits in Phoenix, 2002

    Highlights From DAWN: Phoenix, 2002

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    Trends in Top 4 Drugs, 1995-2002

    2 HIGHLIGHTS FROM DAWN: PHOENIX 2002

    Benzodiazepines

    Pain Relievers

    Cocaine

    Amphetamines

    From 1995 to 2002, pain relievers implicated indrug abuse-related ED visits in Phoenix rose 156

    percent (from 24 to 62 ED mentions per 100,000population). The national rate increased similarlyin percentage terms over the 8-year period (from19 to 46 mentions per 100,000 population).

    Oxycodone, hydrocodone, and methadone werethe most frequently named pain relievers in drugabuse-related ED visits in Phoenix in 2002.

    From 1995 to 1999, the rate of cocaine-related EDvisits in Phoenix rose (from 59 to 91 visits per100,000), but by 2002 had returned to 1995 levels.

    Almost two-thirds (62%) of cocaine-related EDvisits in Phoenix also involved other drugs.

    About one-sixth (16%) of the cocaine-relatedED visits in Phoenix in 2002 were attributedto crack.

    The rate of amphetamine-related ED visits inPhoenix increased by 56 percent between 2001and 2002 alone (from 31 to 49 visits per 100,000population).

    In 2002, the rate of amphetamine-related EDvisits in Phoenix stood at more than 6 timesthe national rate (8 visits per 100,000).

    In Phoenix, ED visits involving amphetaminesusually involved other drugs as well (57%).

    From 1995 to 2002, benzodiazepines implicated indrug abuse-related ED visits in Phoenix remainedrelatively stable. Nationally, the rate increased 25percent during this time (from 33 to 41 visits).

    Clonazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, anddiazepam were the most frequently namedbenzodiazepines in drug abuse-related ED visitsin Phoenix in 2002.

    0

    25

    50

    75

    100

    20022001200019991998199719961995

    Rateper100,0

    00

    population Phoenix

    U.S.

    0

    25

    50

    75

    100

    20022001200019991998199719961995

    Rateper100,0

    00

    population Phoenix

    U.S.

    0

    25

    50

    75

    100

    20022001200019991998199719961995

    Rateper100,0

    00

    population

    Phoenix

    U.S.

    0

    25

    50

    75

    100

    20022001200019991998199719961995

    Rateper100,0

    00

    population

    Phoenix

    U.S.

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    ???

    HIGHLIGHTS FROM DAWN: PHOENIX 2002 3

    Comparisons Across 21 Metropolitan Areas

    The following figures show Phoenix in relation to the Nation and 20 other metropolitan areas represented in DAWNfor selected drugs in 2002. Comparisons across areas are possible because the number of visits for each drug isrepresented in terms of a rate per 100,000 population. Not all differences in rates are statistically significant.

    0 225

    Miami

    Washington, DC

    Dallas

    Los Angeles

    Atlanta

    Denver

    Minneapolis

    San Diego

    San Francisco

    New York

    Chicago

    Phoenix

    Newark

    St. Louis

    Philadelphia

    Seattle

    Boston

    Detroit

    New Orleans

    Buffalo

    Baltimore

    Total U.S.

    Pain Reliever visitsRate per 100,000 population, 2002

    46

    165

    106

    98

    97

    97

    95

    81

    68

    22

    64

    62

    61

    55

    52

    46

    40

    34

    30

    28

    28

    26

    0 300

    San Diego

    Dallas

    Minneapolis

    Phoenix

    Washington, DC

    Denver

    Los Angeles

    New Orleans

    San Francisco

    St. Louis

    Boston

    Seattle

    New York

    Buffalo

    Detroit

    Newark

    Atlanta

    Miami

    Baltimore

    Philadelphia

    Chicago

    Total U.S.

    Cocaine visitsRate per 100,000 population, 2002

    78

    275

    274

    257

    240

    239

    186

    182

    171

    32

    166

    164

    156

    153

    150

    145

    108

    82

    71

    59

    55

    46

    0 130

    Washington, DC

    New York

    Denver

    Minneapolis

    Los Angeles

    Dallas

    Atlanta

    Buffalo

    San Francisco

    San Diego

    Chicago

    Miami

    Seattle

    Phoenix

    Newark

    Baltimore

    Detroit

    St. Louis

    New Orleans

    Philadelphia

    Boston

    Total U.S. 41

    102

    95

    82

    78

    69

    60

    57

    53

    21

    50

    49

    47

    45

    42

    35

    34

    30

    28

    26

    26

    22

    Benzodiazepines visitsRate per 100,000 population, 2002

    0 160

    New York

    Buffalo

    Miami

    Chicago

    Philadelphia

    Minneapolis

    Newark

    Dallas

    Baltimore

    New Orleans

    Detroit

    Boston

    Atlanta

    St. Louis

    Los Angeles

    Seattle

    Denver

    San Diego

    San Francisco

    Phoenix

    Total U.S.

    Amphetamine visitsRate per 100,000 population, 2002

    8

    49

    45

    45

    24

    21

    19

    18

    1

    16

    15

    11

    11

    10

    9

    9

    8

    7

    7

    3

    3

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    4 HIGHLIGHTS FROM DAWN: PHOENIX 2002

    About DAWN

    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES

    The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) is a national surveillance system that monitors drug-relatedmorbidity and mortality. Section 505 of the Public Health Service Act assigns this responsibility to the SubstanceAbuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services. The Act requires SAMHSA to report annually on drug-related visits to hospital emergencydepartments and on drug-related deaths reviewed by medical examiners and coroners. SAMHSA has a contract

    with Westat, a private research firm based in Rockville, MD, to operate the DAWN system.

    DAWN collects data from a scientific sample of hospital emergency departments and a set of medical examinersand coroners from across the U.S., with concentrations in selected metropolitan areas. Each participating facilityhas a DAWN Reporter who is specially trained to identify DAWN cases by retrospectively reviewing emergencydepartment medical records or death investigation case files. No patient, family member, or physician is everinterviewed. No direct identifiers for individual patients or decedents are collected.

    Beginning in 2003, DAWN cases include any emergency department visit or death that was related to drug use.Reportable cases include drug abuse, misuse, overmedication, accidental and malicious poisonings, and adversedrug reactions. For each case, the DAWN Reporter submits a case report detailing the specific drugs involved,and characteristics of the patient or decedent and event (visit or death). Patient and decedent characteristics

    include demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity) and ZIP code. Other data items include date/time, chiefcomplaint, diagnoses, and disposition for each emergency department visit; and date, cause, manner, and placeof death for each decedent.