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GIS Konsorsium Aceh Nias [email protected]

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KATA SAMBUTAN .. i KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................ ii UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ iv BAB I SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS ....................................................................... 1

1.1. Pengertian Sistem Informasi Geografis ......................................................... 1 1.2. Data Spasial ................................................................................................. . 2

1.2.1. Format Data Spasial ............................................................................. 2 1.2.1.1. Vektor....................................................................................... 2 1.2.1.2. Raster ...................................................................................... 3

1.2.2. Sumber Data Spasial ............................................................................ 4 1.2.2.1. Peta Analog ............................................................................. 4 1.2.2.2. Data Sistem Penginderaan Jauh .............................................. 4 1.2.2.3. Data Hasil Pengukuran di Lapangan......................................... 4 1.2.2.4. Data GPS ................................................................................ 4

1.3. Peta, Proyeksi Peta, Sistem Koordinat, Survei, dan GPS............................... 4 1.3.1. Peta ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2. Proyeksi Peta ....................................................................................... 5

1.3.2.1. Pengelompokan Proyeksi Peta ............................................... 5 1.3.2.1.1. Yang Mempertahankan Sifat Asli .............................. 5 1.3.2.1.2. Yang Menggunakan Bidang Proyeksi ....................... 5

1.3.2.2. Proyeksi Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) ....................... 6 1.3.2.2.1. Sifat-sifat Proyeksi UTM .......................................... 6 1.3.2.2.2. Sistem Koordinat UTM ............................................ 6

1.3.2.3. Metode Penentuan Posisi ....................................................... 7 1.3.3. Sistem Koordinat ................................................................................. 8

1.3.3.1. Lokasi dari Titik Nol pada Koordinat ......................................... 8 1.3.3.2. Orientasi dari Sumbu-sumbu .................................................. 8

1.3.4. Metode Penentuan Posisi Global (GPS) ............................................... 9 1.3.4.1. Sistem GPS ............................................................................. 10

1.3.4.1.1. Bagian Angkasa ........................................ ............. 10 1.3.4.1.2. Bagian Pengontrol ................................................... 11 1.3.4.1.3. Bagian Pengguna .................................................... 11

1.3.4.2. Metode Penentuan Posisi dengan GPS ................................... 11 1.3.4.2.1. Metode Absolut ....................................................... 12 1.3.4.2.2. Metode Relatif (Differensial) .................................... 12

1.3.4.3. Ketelitian Penentuan Posisi dengan GPS ................................. 13 1.3.4.4. Aplikasi-aplikasi GPS ............................................................... 13

BAB II PENGENALAN ArcMAP ...................................................................................... 14

2.1. Membuka Data Spasial atau Peta yang Telah Ada dengan ArcMap ............... 15 2.2. Melihat Data Atribut Sebuah Layer Menggunakan Map Tips .......................... 17 2.3. Penyusunan Layer......................................................................................... 18 2.4. Mengaktifkan dan Menonaktifkan Layer ......................................................... 19 2.5. Perbedaan View pada Data Anda .................................................................. 20 2.6. Mengolah Peta .............................................................................................. 22 2.7. Melihat Atribut Data ....................................................................................... 23 2.8. Mengaktifkan Map Tips.................................................................................. 25 2.9. Mencari Feature dan Membuat Bookmark...................................................... 27 2.10. Mengukur Jarak dan Membuat Skala .......................................................... 30 2.11. Pengelompokan Layer ............................................................................... 30 2.12. Mengubah Tampilan Layer.......................................................................... 32 2.13. Mengubah Tampilan dengan Skala............................................................. 33

DDAAFFTTAARR IISSII


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BAB III PENGANTAR ArcCATALOG............................................................................... 34 3.1. Sekilas Tentang ArcCatalog........................................................................... 35 3.2. Browsing Data dengan ArcCatalog ................................................................ 36 3.3. Menggunakan ArcCatalog................................................................................................. 38 3.4. Mengedit Metadata........................................................................................ 42 3.5. Mencari Data dengan ArcCatalog .................................................................. 42 3.6. Terminologi Sistem Koordinat ........................................................................ 45

3.6.1.Sistem Koordinat ................................................................................... 45 3.6.2. Mengatur Tampilan Sistem Koordinat.................................................... 48 3.6.3. Pengaturan Koordinat Baca .................................................................. 50 3.6.4. Membuat Template Dokumen Peta....................................................... 53

3.7. Pengantar Geodatabase................................................................................ 56 3.7.1. Terminologi Geodatabase ..................................................................... 56 3.7.2. Membuat Shapefile Baru....................................................................... 58 3.7.3. Membuat Geodatabase Baru ................................................................ 65 3.7.4. Membuat Feature Classes .................................................................... 65 3.7.5. Mengimpor Data ke dalam Geodatabase .............................................. 69 3.7.6. Menambah Data Baru ke dalam Sebuah Peta....................................... 70

BAB IV REKTIFIKASI ...................................................................................................... 71

4.1. Pengertian Rektifikasi .................................................................................... 72 4.2. Menampilkan Data Raster ............................................................................. 73 4.3. Proses Rektifikasi .......................................................................................... 74 4.4. Menyiapkan Semua Layer Data Spasial......................................................... 75 4.5. Menyiapkan Layer Image............................................................................... 75 4.6. Menambah Titik Kontrol ................................................................................. 76 4.7. Rektifikasi Menggunakan Titik Kontrol di GPS................................................ 77 4.8. Menggunakan Tabel Data.............................................................................. 80 4.9. Proses Pengaturan........................................................................................ 81 4.10. Menyimpan Hasil Rektifikasi .......................................................................... 81 4.11. Menampilkan Citra Hasil Rektifikasi ............................................................... 83

BAB V MEMBUAT DATA SPASIAL ................................................................................ 84

5.1. Pengertian Digitasi Peta ................................................................................ 85 5.2. Metode Digitasi.............................................................................................. 85 5.3. Menambah Data Gambar .............................................................................. 85 5.4. Membuat Layer/Shapefile.............................................................................. 85 5.5. Menentukan Sistem Koordinat Shapefile........................................................ 87 5.6. Digitasi .......................................................................................................... 89 5.7. Snapping....................................................................................................... 91 5.8. Memulai Digitasi ............................................................................................ 91 5.9. Menyimpan Hasil Digitasi............................................................................... 93 5.10. Membuat Annotation Sederhana.................................................................... 94 5.11. Membuat Layer Point dari Teks File............................................................... 98 5.12. Membuat Link ke Database Acces................................................................. 101 5.13. Impor Data dari MapInfo ................................................................................ 106 5.14. Labelling Lanjutan ......................................................................................... 108 5.15. Pengaturan Advance Simbol Layer untuk Titik ............................................... 112

BAB VI MENGEDIT DATA VEKTOR ............................................................................... 118

6.1. Mengedit Data Vektor .................................................................................... 119 6.2. Membuat Setting Snap .................................................................................. 125 6.3. Menambah Feature Linier.............................................................................. 129 6.4. Menambah Feature Titik Menggunakan Koordinat Absolut............................. 132


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BAB VII MENAMPILKAN DATA SPASIAL ...................................................................... 139 7.1. Menampilkan Data Berdasarkan Kategori Data Atribut ................................... 140

7.1.1. Menampilkan Data dalam Semua Kategori............................................ 140 7.1.2. Menampilkan Data Berdasarkan Kategori yang Diinginkan.................... 143 7.1.3. Membuat Layer Transparan .................................................................. 143

7.2. Menampilkan Data dalam Beberapa Kelompok (Class) .................................. 144 7.2.1. Menampilkan Data dengan Gradasi Warna .......................................... 144 7.2.2. Menampilkan Data dengan Gradasi Simbol.......................................... 146

7.3. Menampilkan Data dengan Grafik.................................................................. 148 7.4. Menampilkan Tabel Atribut dan Mengubah Tampilan..................................... 149

7.4.1.Menampilkan Tabel Atribut.................................................................... 149 7.4.2.Mengubah Atribut Data ......................................................................... 151

7.5. Memilih Features........................................................................................... 152 BAB VIII QUERY DATA ................................................................................................... 155

8.1. Identifikasi Sebuah Feature .......................................................................... 157 8.2. Mencari Feature Tertentu ............................................................................. 158 8.3. Melakukan Query Secara Interaktif ................................................................ 160 8.4. Melakukan Query Spasial .............................................................................. 161

8.4.1. Select By Attributes.............................................................................. 162 8.4.2. Select By Location ............................................................................... 163 8.4.3. Select By Graphics .............................................................................. 164

8.5. Query Lanjutan ............................................................................................. 165 8.5.1. Membuat Calculated Field ................................................................... 165 8.5.2. Menggunakan Definition Query ............................................................ 169 8.5.3. Latihan Tambahan .............................................................................. 172 8.5.3.1. Pembuatan Point..................................................................... 172 8.5.3.2. Membuat Sebuah Joint Table ................................................. 177 8.5.3.3. Membuat Ringkasan Data ...................................................... 178 8.5.3.4. Query Attributes ..................................................................... 180 8.5.3.5. Membangun Query Spasial .................................................... 182

BAB IX LAYOUT DAN PENCETAKAN PETA

9.1. Menampilkan atau Mengatur Peta.................................................................. 186 9.2. Mengatur Proyeksi......................................................................................... 188 9.3. Mengatur Halaman Layout............................................................................. 189 9.4. Langkah-langkah untuk Menambahkan Koordinat Peta.................................. 191 9.5. Langkah-langkah untuk Menambahkan Skala................................................ 194 9.6. Langkah-langkah untuk Menambahkan Panah Penunjuk arah ....................... 195 9.7. Langkah-langkah untuk Menambahkan Judul Peta ........................................ 196 9.8. Menambahkan Objek pada Layout................................................................. 197 9.9. Menambahkan Teks pada Layout .................................................................. 197 9.10. Membuat Extent Rectangle............................................................................ 198 9.11. Langkah-langkah untuk Menambahkan Legenda ........................................... 200 9.12. Menyimpan Peta............................................................................................ 202 9.13. Ekspor peta ................................................................................................... 203 9.14. Mencetak Peta .............................................................................................. 203

BAB 10 SUMBER DATA DALAM ArcGIS 10.1. Menambah Data dari ESRI Melalui Internet ................................................... 205 10.2. Menambah Data Geografi (selain ESRI) ........................................................ 207 10.3. Mengelola Website ........................................................................................ 210

DAFTAR ISTILAH ............................................................................................................ 212

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