2

.1 nauluhadeP nakrasadreB o lisah gnay lawa aracnawaw nad isavresb adapek nakukalid

AMS id awsis aparebeb nad urug 1 N tapadret hisam ,edeggnaraK nahalasamrep narajalebmep sesorp malad ,KIT narajalep atam adap awsis helo imalaid gnay

malad rp urug narajalebmep seso sesorp malaD .hamarec edotem nakanuggnemini narajalebmep nednem aynah awsis id naksalejnem urug nakrag awsis nad salek

d gnay iretam nagned nasob nad fisap gnurednec gnaruk anerak nakiapmasiisaravreb . nagnalu nakajregnem awsis taaS s uj awsi lusek asarem ag i malad natfahgnem sumur la - .lecxE .sM adap sumur KIT set ialin aynlisaH atar - adareb atar

.57 utiay tubesret halokes helo nakpatetid halet gnay MKK hawabid iasaugnem utiay kutnebid naka gnay naupmamek ini naitilenep malaD halognep nemukod taubmem rasad isnetepmok adap aynsusuk lecxE.sM margorp

ned akgna nag utiay iapacid naka gnay rotakidni iuhategnem akitametam isgnuff ,kitsitats nad pukoolv akigol isgnu nad ,FI isgnuf , naanugek iuhategnem les

nagneD .etulosba .tubesret lah aparebeb iasaugnem tapad awsis nakparahid ini lebes narajalebmep sesorp tahileM atar gnay ialin nagned nad aynmu - atar

nahaburep nakulrepid MKK hawabid edotem ,narajalebmep edotem jalebmep a nar narajalep iretam gnatnet awsis namahamep naktakgninem kutnu tapet asarid gnay

awsis taubmem nad awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem aggnihes l hibe halada fitka nakanuggnem nagned edotem gnivloS melborP evitaerC . edoteM evitaerC

gnivloS melborP halada )SPC( edotem natasumep nakukalem gnay narajalebmephalasam nahacemep nalipmaretek nad narajagnep adap . malaD edotem

narajalebmep ninem naka aynitnan ini rajaleb lisah naktakg nad awsis rajaleb .rajagnem rajaleb sesorp taas awsis nafitkaek nahibeleK edotem evitaerC

gnivloS melborP gnay halasam utaus nakhacemem kutnu awsis hitalem haladaipadahid freb nagned nahamelek nakgnadeS .fitaerk kadnitreb nad riki edotem irad

gnajnap hibel gnay utkaw isakola nakulremem ini . nagned nialeS edotem tahilem nad ,nakanugid gnay narajalebmep

edotem irad nahamelek gnivloS melborP evitaerC gnay utkaw nakulremem gnayem kutnu aidem nakulrepid akam isuksid malad gnajnap pukuc edotem samegn

narajalebmep gnivloS melborP evitaerC nakukalem malad asaulel hibel ragaisuksid satabid apnat i utkaw ihuragnepmem turut aguj nakanugid gnay aideM .

.narajalebmep lisah aidem kaynaB - ,ludom ,ukub itepes nakatpicid gnay aidemtupmok aidem aggnih .re S isakilpa kaynab ini taa - pad gnay sitarg isakilpa ta

s,narajalebmep kutnu nakanugid halada aynutas hala regnesseM oohaY gnarakeS . nagnubuhreb kutnu laisos aidem nakanuggnem akus hibel gnurednec awsis

orp gnukudnem kutnu ini nagned ,aynayabes namet nagned raga narajalebmep ses laisos aidem nakanugid fitka hibel awsis regnesseM oohaY samegnem kutnu

narajalebmep edotem gnivloS melborP evitaerC kutnu awsis atnimem nagned , ada gnay isnerevnok iulalem urug nakirebid gnay halasamrep nakisuksidnem

seM oohaY malad regnesseM oohaY irad nahibeleK .regnes niales halada eciov uata araus nakanuggnem tahc nakukalem aguj tapad gnittahc nakukalem iulalem akum patatreb gnilas tapad aguj anuggnep igal kiranem hibel gnay ,tahc

.tahc oediv

3

asadreB gnakaleb ratal naiaru nakr akam gnatnet naitilenep nakukalid naka edoteM napareneP gnivloS melborP evitaerC nagned )SPC( regnesseM oohaY

)MY( saleK KIT narajaleP ataM adap awsiS rajaleB lisaH naktakgnineM kutnUedeggnaraK 1 N AMS iD IX .

.2 akatsuP nauajniT

naitilenep nakrasadreB helo nakukalid gnay aynmulebes nagned idaijuP

akitametaM narajalebmeP igetartS huragneP“ ludujreb gnay aynispirks evitaerC gnivloS melborP naupmameK padahreT fitkaretnI DC nautnabreB )SPC(

”X saleK AMS awsiS adap halasaM nakhacemeM .)8002( naitilenep malaD ini nakapurem halasam nahacemep naupmamek awhab naksalejnem nad sahabmem

.akitametam narajalebmep malad amatu naujut lanoisnevnok narajalebmep adaP raseb naigabes aisenodnI id nakanaskalid nanimod hisam gnarakes iapmas gnay

akukalem asaibret kidid atresep apnat lafahgnem apureb rajaleb nataigek n.halasam nahacemep naupmamek nagnabmegnep ignerabid igetarts utas halaS

hitalreb kidid atresep utnabmem tapad nakparahid gnay narajalebmep narajalebmep igetarts halada halasam nakhacemem gnivloS melborP evitaerC

C( iuhategnem kutnu naujut iaynupmem itileneP .fitkaretni DC nautnabreb )SP igetarts nagned narajalebmep malad awsis sativitka hakapa melborP evitaerC

gnivloS naupmamek padahret fitisop huragnepreb fitkaretni DC nautnabreb )SPC(isatserp nad halasam nahacemep itukignem gnay awsis hakapa nad ,awsis rajaleb

hakapa alup naikimed ,rajaleb nasatnutek ihunemem tapad ini narajalebmep ini narajalebmep itukignem gnay awsis igab halasam nahacemep naupmamek

gnay awsis igab halasam nahacemep naupmamek adap irad kiab hibel itukignem naupmamek naadebrep tapadret hakapa nad ,lanoisnevnok narajalebmep adap hawab nad hagnet ,sata kopmolek adap awsis aratna halasam nahacemep

ini narajalebmep K . igab halasam nahacemep naupmame awsis itukignem gnayned akitametam narajalebmep SPC ledom nag hibel fitkaretni DC nautnabreb

ledom nagned narajalebmep itukignem gnay awsis adap irad kiab gnutih t agrah naheloreP .lanoisnevnok = isnakifingis takgnit nagned 206,21

ahacemep naupmamek ialin naem nad ,%5 < 000,0 rasebes salek halasam n nahacemep naupmamek ialinnaem irad kiab hibel 51,87 rasebes nemirepske

lortnok salek halasam rasebes gnay .24,24 1[ ]. P helo naitilene “ ludujreb gnay hafinahK itiS E sativitkef S igetart

P narajalebme gnivloS melborP evitaerC ( SPC nad ) T smae G ema T tnemanruo( T TGT padahre K naupmame P nahaceme M halasa akitametaM P koko B nasahaP nagnidnabre T irtemonogir S tudu - tudus K adap susuh S awsi K sale SX retseme d i

AMS N 1 irege P nodnage K netapuba K ladne T nuha P )1102(”1102/0102 narajale ,m miyne awhab naklup igetarts padahret fitkefe hibel TGT nad SPC narajalebmep

nagned nakgnidnabid akij akitametam halasam nahacemep naupmamek igetarts nodnageP 1 iregeN AMS X salek awsis adap lanoisnevnok narajalebmep

dap 1102/0102 narajalep nuhat ladneK netapubaK nagnidnabrep nasahab kokop atudus irtemonogirt - susuhk tudus halada ini naitlenep irad lisaH . a naadebrep ad

gnay awsis adap halasam nahacemep naupmamek narajalebmep ledom nakirebid

4

nad )SPC( gnivloS melborP evitaerC nagneD .)TGT( tnemanruoT emaG smaeT iju agrah naktapadid set t ,lebatt > gnutiht anerak ,76,1=lebatt nad 2227,6=gnutiht

nad kalotid oH akam aratna nakifingis gnay naadebrep ada itrareb ini amiretid aHledom emaG smaeT nad )SPC( gnivloS melborP evitaerC narajalebmep

atar ialiN .)TGT( tnemanruoT -r atar ialin nad 18=SPC salek ata - salek atar atar ialin aggnihes ,67=TGT - adap halasam nahacemep naupmamek atar awsis

kiab hibel )SPC( gnivloS meelborP evitaerC ledom nakirebid gnay dnabid gni)TGT( tnemanruoT emaG smaeT 2[ ].

ataM p KIT narajale m turune 4002 mulukiruk sisabreB mulukiruKisnetepmoK PMS gnajnej ialum bijaw narajalep atam nakapurem KIT )KBK( -

aynada isgnuf nad naujuT .DS id kolum nad AMS mulukiruk malad id KIT halokes igolonket rajaleb kutnu awsis utnabmem naka igolonket nad isamrofnikinumok isnetop alages nakanuggnem nad ,isa nagnabmegnep kutnu ada gnay

narajalebmeP .irid naupmamek naka isakinumoK nad isamrofnI igolonkeTnad isavitom nakirebmem ajrekeb nad rajaleb kutnu awsis adapek nagnanesek

.iridnam araces I igolonkeT naasaugnep uti nialeS isakinumoK nad isamrofnnaka uata natakgnit aumes adap narajalebmep sesorp naktakgninem

,gnajnej igolonkeT naujuT .nial narajalep atam umli nilpisid uakgnajnem nagnedraga utiay mumu araces isakinumoK nad isamrofnI tala imahamem awsis

d isamrofnI igolonkeT mumu araces isakinumoK na nad retupmok kusamretisamrofni imahamem 3[ ]. gnabtilaB ,mulukiruk tasup nad naitilenep malaD

atam isiv awhab naktubesid nakididneP naitileneP lanruJ malad )0102( sankidpeDnuggnem asaibret nad tapad awsis raga utiay KIT narajalep takgnarep naka

nad isamrofni igolonket mok naktapadnem kutnu lamitpo nad tapet araces isakinu aynial satifitka nad ,ajrekeb ,rajaleb nataigek malad isamrofni sesorpmem nad ,fitanegami pakis nakgnabmegnem ,isaerkreb upmam awsis aggnihes

upmamek nakgnabmegnem nagned isatpadareb hadum nad ,iridnam isarolpske na awsis nakparahid KIT narajalep atam iulaleM .nagnukgnil id urab nagnabmekrep imalagnem gnay napudihek malad tasep nahaburep adap tabilret tapad

nketkudorp magareb naanuggnep malad nahaburep nad nahabmanep igolo isakinumok nad isamrofni igolonket takgnarep nakanuggnem awsiS .isamrofni isamrofni rakunem rakut gnilas nad ,sisilanagnem ,rolpskegnem ,iracnem kutnu

fitkefe nad neisife araces 4[ ] halada )KIT( isakinumoK nad isamrofnI igolonkeT .nay igolonket aumes nalupmugnep ,nalibmagnep nagned nagnubuhreb g

.isamrofni naijaynep nad ,narabeynep ,nanapmiynep ,nahalognep ,)isnatuka( takgnarep ,sarek takgnarep aumes pukacnem ini naikimed gnay KIT namahameP

.rutkutsarfni nad ,isi nagnudnak ,kanul rajaleb lisaH k halada naupmame - haletes awsis ikilimid gnay naupmamek

aynrajaleb namalagnep amirenem 5[ ]. uti nialeS nakapurem rajaleb lisah .lah utaus nakiaseleynem malad gnaroeses pakis nad ,nalipmartek ,naupmamek

igek( narajalebmep akij dujuwret tapad narajalebmep utaus lisaH rajaleb nataidajret )rajagnem 6[ ].

d gnivlos melborp evitaerC hafinahK itiS nakukalid gnay naitilenep mala iulalem halasam nahacemep nagned narajalebmep irad isairav nakapurem SPC

kutnu fitaerk nasagag nakisasinagrognem malad kitametsis kinket nakiaseleynemnahalasamrep utaus 2[ ]. D SPC ledoM aimiK nakididneP isavonI lanruJ mala

5

ad narajagnep adap natasumep nakukalem gnay narajalebmep ledom utaus hala utaus nagned nakpadahid akiteK .halasam nahacemep nalipmaretek nad

wsis ,naaynatrep a tapad nad hilimem kutnu halasam nakhacemem apnat lafahgnem arac nagned aynah kadiT .aynnapaggnat nakgnabmegnem nupadA .rikipreb sesorp saulrepmem halasam nakhacemem nalipmaretek ,rikipid

narajalebmep ledom irad sesorp gnivloS melborP evitaerC PC( sata iridret ,)Sviralk i dnep napakgnugnep ,halasam isak isaulave ,tapa 7[ ] edotem nahibeleK .

gnivloS melborP evitaerC halasam utaus nakhacemem kutnu awsis hitalem haladaipadahid gnay irad nahamelek nakgnadeS .fitaerk kadnitreb nad rikipreb nagned

gnajnap hibel gnay utkaw isakola nakulremem ini edotem . hakgnal nupadA - narajalebmep edotem hakgnal gnivloS melborP evitaerC inkay )1( lawa hakgnal

ukignem kutnu awsis napaisek nakaynanem uruG salugnem urug ,narajalep it urug naidumek ini taas iretam adap taraysarp iagabes aynmulebes iretam ilabmek atres SPC narajalebmep edotem naanaskalep malad niam naruta naksalejnem iulalem iretam nasahabmep ayngnitnep naka awsis adapek isavitom irebmem

ebmep ,SPC narajal )2( kopmolek pait kopmolek kutnebid awsis audek hakgnal5 sata iridret - nahalasamrep nakhacemem awsis ,kopmolekreb araceS .gnaro 6

nagnibmib tapadnem awsiS .aidesret gnay kujnutep nagned iauses nakijasid gnayurug irad nahara nad khacemem malad nahalasamrep na . nanakenep nupadA

akiaseleynem malad awsis nagnipmadnep malad :tukireb iagabes nahalasamrep n )1( gnatnet awsis adapek nasalejnep nairebmep itupilem halasam isakifiralK

es naiaseleynep gnatnet imahamem tapad awsis raga nakujaid gnay halasam itrep )2( ,nakparahid gnay apa P tapadnep napakgnugne naksabebid awsis ini pahat adaP

naiaseleynep igetarts macam iagabreb gnatnet tapadnep nakpakgnugnem kutnunial amas utas nasagag edi napakgnugnem malad nahaggnas ada kadit ,halasam ,

nad saulavE )3( keleS tapadnep nakisuksidnem kopmolek paites ,ini pahat adaP is -igetarts uata tapadnep - ,halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu kococ gnay anam igetarts

tapad gnay anam igetarts nakutnenem awsis ,ini pahat adaP isatnemelpmI )4(m naidumek halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu libmaid iapmas aynnakparene

.tubesret halasam irad naiaseleynep nakumenem )3( ,tujnal hibeL rihka pahaTgnisam irad nalikawrep - halet gnay lisah nakisatneserpmem kopmolek gnisam

urug naidumeK .aynipaggnanem nial atresep nad salek naped ek nakisuksidid awsis amasreb isuksid lisah naklupmiynem ]7[ .

regnesseM oohaY gnilas kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay aidem utaus haladaasep mirignem nok nakukalem tapad aguj nad ,n v namet adapek isnere - gnay namet

.lanekid Y naknuggnem hilimem silunep irasadnem gna reggnesseM oohaY haladaohaY kusam o enignE hcraeS kiabret 7 maladek 8[ ]. adap oohaY anuggneP

iapacnem 2102 rebmeseD sehcraes noillib 6.8 takgnirep ikududnem oohay nad sinej aparebeb malad agitek enigne hcraes 9[ ].

.3 P edoteM naitilene

naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay naitilenep edetoM nakanuggnem ini

enep il naitilenep utaus nakapurem halada nemirepske naitileneP .nemeirepske nait lebairav hibel uata utas nakiladnegnem nad isalupinamem itilenep tutnunem gnay

takiret lebairav itamagnem atres sabeb 01[ ] nakanugid gnay naitilenep sineJ .

6

ada hal isauQ sngiseD - latnemirepxE . isauQ sngiseD - latnemirepxE haladakopmolek nakgnidnabmem kutnu arac utaus nakukalem 11[ ] naitilenep niaseD .

halada nakanugid gnay .ngiseD puorG lortnoC tnelaviuqenoN ehT ehTngiseD puorG lortnoC tnelaviuqenoN utiay kopmolek aud nakidnabmem

tubesret kopmolek itadnek ,lortnok kopmolek nagned nemirepske kopmolekatetid nad hilipid isasimodner iulalem apnat nakp 11[ .]

irad iridret tapad gnay naitilenep kejbus nahurulesek halada isalupoP,aisunam adneb - aweh ,adneb ubmut ,n h- alajeg ,nahubmut - ialin ,alajeg uata setawitsirep - id utnetret kitsiretkarak ikilimem gnay atad rebmus iagabes awitsirep

naitilenep utaus malad 01[ ]. neP ile edeggnaraK 1 N AMS id nakukalid ini naitd naigabes halada halada lepmaS .API IX salek adap libmaid gnay isalupop ira

licek naigab uata natukgnasreb gnay isalupop ilikawem uata evitatneserper aracesitamaid gnay 01[ ] hilipid natukgnasreb gnay urug irad nagnabmitrep nakrasadreB .

nad nemirepske salek nakidajid kutnu 2 API IX salek iagabes 3 API IX salekb lortnok atar ikilimem tubesret salek audek natukgnasreb gnay urug nakrasadre -

.adebreb huaj kadit gnay atar napahaT - ahat p d na a enep mal l surugnem utiay amatrep pahat ,halada ini naiti

hredes aracnawaw nakukalem ,halokes isavresbo nakukalem ,niji tarus ,ana kopmolek nad nemirepske kopmolek nakutnenem ,nemirepske iretam nakutenem nad satilibailer ,satidilav naijugnep apureb tnemurtsni aboc iju naidumek ,lortnok utiay nemirepske nad lortnok salek nakutnetid haletes audek pahaT .adeb ayad

nairebmep tseterp gnay laos tobob nagned lortnok nad nemirepske salek kutnuk salek ,salek audek adapek nakukalrep nakirebmem agitek pahat ,amas o lortn

ok edotem nagned nemirepske salek nad lanoisnevn edotem nakanuggnem evitaerc gnivlos melborp nagned regnesseM oohaY . nakirebmem rihkaret pahaT tsetsop

.tubesret salek audek adapek eB .narajalebmep sesorp nagnacnar tukir

lebaT 1 narajalebmeP sesorP nagnacnaR tnemirepskE saleK lortnoK saleK

uggniM amatrep .1 nakukaleM tseterP .1 nakukaleM tseterP

uggniM audek isarobalE .1 napaisek nakaynanem uruG

narajalep itukgnem malad awsis .2 kopmolek igabmem uruG

isuksid nakukalem kutnubes na 5 kay - .gnaro 6

.3 awhab naksalejnem uruG aynah isuksidreb gnay pait gnaro utas nalikawrep

kopmolek .4 iretam nakirebmem uruG nad

ahalasamrep utaus kutnu ndi nad nakiaseles id nakisuksid

iulalem regnesseM oohaY )MY(

.1 iretam naksalejnem aynah uruG edotem nakanuggnem narajalep utiay asaib narajalebmep

lanoisnevnok

7

.5 rebmem uruG i nasalejnep.nakirebid gnay sagut ianegnem

haletes isuksid nakukalem awsiShalokes gnalup

isamrifnoK .6 nakirebmem uruG

aynat kutnu awsis natapmesekbawaj

.7 nakranebmem uruG gnay apanakaynat awsis

.8 nasalejnep irebmem uruGlah ianegnem - awsis gnay lahitregnem muleb

uggniM agitek .1 kutnu awsis huruynem uruG

nakisatneserpmem nalikawrepalejnem kutnu kopmolek s nak

isuksid lisah .2 .3 nakukaleM tsetsoP

.1 nakukaleM tsetsoP

lisaH .isaulave halada rihkaret gnay naitilenep pahaT tseterp nad tsetsop

.awsis narajalebmep lisah iagabreb iuhategnem tapad kutnu isaulaveid pahaT isaulave tar ialin gnutihgnem )2( .roks nairebmeP )1( : irad iridret a- kopmolek atar

amron iju nakukalem )3( .muminim atres mumiskam ialin nad l satilamron ijU .sati )4( .kadit uata lamron isubirtsidreb gnay atad hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid

negomoh iju nakukalem hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakukalid satinegomoh ijU .satignisam atad - s gnay nairav ikilimem kopmolek gnisam a )5( .adebreb uata am

lem a p nad naamasek T iju nakuk e atar aud naadebr - kitsitatsnagned ataras tnednepednI mp le T- m kutnu nakukalid ini naijugneP .tseT hakapa iuhategne

atar aratna naadebrep uata naamasrep ada - ialin atar tseterp nad tsetsop saleknad nemirepske sisetopih naijugnep )6( .lortnok salek .

.4 P nad naitileneP lisaH nasahabme

ulebeS naitilenep nakukalem m p nakukalid mugne isamrofni naklup

nauhategnep ianegnem ianegnem awsis regnesseM oohaY m renoisiuk iulale nabawaj utas halas hilimem kutnu atnimid awsis nad adnag nahilip tamrof nagned

nabawaj utas hals adap )X( gnaliynem arac nagned ritub utaus halada renoisiuK .naaynatrep taubid gnay utnetret nabawaj nahilip iatresid uata/nad naataynrep nad

isamrofni padahret naitilenep kejbus nopser helorepmem anug tamrof nagned utnetret itilenep helorepid nigni gnay 21[ .] renoisiuk iulaleM awsis helo isiid gnay

let awsis awhab naktapadid iuhategnem nad lanegnem ha regnesseM oohaY nadY nuka ikilimem halet agned ooha n ay utkaw akgnaj atar gn - ,nuhat 1 irad hibel atar

potpal nakanuggnem aguj awsis regnesseM oohaY seskagnem malad nakaynabekenok nagned ipakgnelid hadus gnay idabirp retupmok uata 91 ada tenretni isk

8

uggnem gnay awsis 01 nad potpal nakanuggnem gnay awsis irad retupmok nakan .awsis 92 nakanugid aggnihes tubesret renoisiuk lisah nagneD regnesseM oohaY

m kutnu aidem iagabes e edotem samegn SPC . narajalebmep sesorP melborp evitaerc gnivlos oohay utnabreb nagned

nakaynanem urug lawa hakgnal ,nagned ialumid nemrepske salek adap regnessem niam naruta naksalejnem urug nadumek ,narajalep itukignem awsis napaisek

.SPC edotem naanaskalep mujreb gnay awsis audek hakgnaL igabid 92 halkopmolek gnisam gnay gnay isuksid - 5 halmujreb gnisam - araceS .awsis 6

nial kopmolek helo nakisuksidid nad halasam nakhacmem awsis kopmolek atoggna aumes isuksid malad ,isuksidreb kutnu anaras iagabes MY nakanuggnem

as pukuc MY malad ipatet isuksidreb tuki kopmolek likawem gnaro ut i atoggna malad awsis nagnidnabrep nanakenep nupadA .isuksidreb kutnu kopmolek napakgnugnep ,halasam isakfiralK : tukireb iagabes halasam nakiaseleynem nakisuksidnem kutnu atnimid awsis naidumeK .isatnemelpmi ,isaulave ,tapadnep

halasamrep tihc iulalem ireb urug halet gnay na - oohay malad isnerevnok tahctihc rabmag hotnoc halada tukireB .regnessem - hc oohaY nakanugnnem ta

.regnesseM

1 rabmaG noksiD lebaT isuksiD

G rabma anamiagab gnatnet sahabmem gnay isuksid sesorp rabmag halada 1

eynem em nagned noksid molok nakiasel ng id anamid ,etulosba sumur nakanug apnat sitamoto arac nagned ialin nakisignem surah awsis noksid molok malad

.utasrep utas lunam araces isignem surah tahilret awsis tubesret isuksid malaDbawaj aynat fitka gnilas sis aratna awsis nagned aw nakiaseleynem arac iracnem

.tubesret laos

9

2 rabmaG gnaraB agraH nad amaN lebaT isuksiD

anamiagab gnatnet sahabmem gnay isuksid sesorp rabmag halada 2 rabmaG

d gnarab agrah nad gnarab aman molok nakiaseleynem sumur iracnem nagnenoksid molok ialin isignem nagned amas PUKOOLV sumur nakanuggnem , adap

surah apnat sitamoto araces isiid surah gnarab agrah nad gnarab aman molok.utasrep utas launam araces isignem fitka awsis tahilret tubesret isuksid malaD

bawaj aynat gnilas wsis aratna awsis nagned a .nial gnaro tapadnep ipaggnem nad gnisam irad nalikawrep rihka nataigeK - utnu kopmolek gnisam k

suksid lisah nakisatneserepmem s naumetrep adap salek naped id i e ayntujnal nad gnades gnay nasalejnep ipaggnanem isatneserp kadit gnay nial gnay awsis

naksalejid . nakirebmem utiay ayntujnales pahat nakukalid iaseles nakukalrep haleteS

tsetsop d awsis hurules adapek a gnay laoS .nemirepske nad lortnok salek ird ritub 02 halmujreb .adnag nahilip tamrof nagne

edoteM gnivlos melborp evitaerc fitkefe regnessem oohaY utnabreb nagned .isuksid nakukalid taas nad salek malad id awsis nafitkaek naktakgninem kutnu

apnat ayntapadnep nakakumegnem upmam awsis isuksidreb taaS awsis ,ulamnareb awsis salek malad id adareb taas nad ,nial awsis irad tapadnep ipagganem i

naayntrep nakratnolem urug taas ,urug irad narajalep amirenem taas saisutna aguj nakrasadreB .urug irad naaynatrep bawajnem kutnu tubereb awsis nasel araces

lid gnay isavresbo lisah rotakidni nakrasadred awsis nafitkaek gnatnet nakukarad awsis nafitkaek naadebrep lisah helorepid i .nemirepske salek nad lortnok salek

01

salekid awsiS nafitkaeK isavresebO lisaH 1.4 lebaT

oN rotakidnI saleK esatneserP nemirepskE lortnoK

1 S edi nakiapmaynem/nakataynem awsi

salej nagned %68 %93

2 S adapek naaynatrep nakujagnem fitka awsi

nial awsis %68 %16 3 S naaynatrep bawajnem malad fitka awsi %88 %93 4 S halasam nakiaseleynem upmam awsi %88 %84

5 S adapek edi nakakumegnem upmam awsi

nial awsis %58 %34

6 T awsis nagned awsis aratna iskaretni idajre

nial %38 %38 latoT %68 %25

narajalebmep amales awsis nafitkaek isavresbo lisah nakujnunem 1.4 lebaT

%25 lortnok salek nad %68 nemirepske salek latot itapadiD .salekid tapad akam nakanugnnem gnay lortnok salek aratna naadebrep tapadret awhab naklupmisid edotem nakanuggnem gnay nemirepke salek nagned lanoisnevnok edotem

gnivlos melborp evitaerc .reggnesseM oohaY utnabreb nagned edotem napareneP gnivlos melborp evitaerc regnesseM oohaY utnabreb

rotakidni nakrasdreb - awsis nafitkaek rotakidni awsis amatrep gnay rotakidnI .salej nagned edi nakiapmaynem nad nemirepske salek kutnu %68 lisah helorepid

,lortnok salek kutnu %93 naaynatrep nakujagnem awssaudek gnay rotakidniapek awsis ad salek irad %16 nad nemirepske salek irad %68 lisah helorepid nial

%88 lisah helorepid naaynatrep bawajnem malad fitka awsis agitek gnay ,lortnok upmam awsis tepmeek gnay ,lortnok salek kutnu %93 nad nemrepske salek kutnu

epid halasam nakiaseleynem %84 nad nemirepske salek kutnu %88 lisah helor awsis adapek edi nakakumegnem upmam awsis amilek gnay ,lortnok salek kutnu ,lortnok salek kutnu %34 nad nemirepske salek kutnu %58 lisah helorepod nial

awsis nagned awsis aratna iskaretni idajret rihkaret gnay %38 lisah helorepod nial.lortnok salek kutnu %38 nad nemirepke salek kutnu margaid halada tukireB

lortnok salek nad nemirepske salek nagnidnabrep

11

2.4 rabmaG nemirepskE nad lortnoK saleK awsiS nafitkaeK nagnidnabreP aracnawaw aguj nakukalid isavresbo nagned nialeS urug nagned upmagnep

KIT narajalep atam aid haletes naukalrep aynnakad awhab nakataynem nagned aidem nakanuggnem regnesseM oohaY nagned ,saisutna tagnas tahilret awsis

nakanuggnem regnesseM oohaY awsis ,utabmem tagnas isuksid aidem kutnunagned aracnawaw lisaH .aynatreb gnires nad salek id fitka tahilret idajanem

s aparebeb si awhab isamrofni naktapadid aw nakanuggnem nagned isuksid sesorpregnesseM oohaY k nasob taubmem kadit nad nakgnaneynem hibel awsis anera

gnaro tapadnep ipaggnanem nad tapadnep nakakumegnem kutnu asaulel hibel nakiaseleynem kutnu awsis atnimem gnay isuksid sesorp aynada nagneD .nial

urug adapek gnutnagreb kadit awsis taubmem niales nahalasamrep taubmem agujad narasanep awsis ni n em nig aguj awsis atres tubesret halasamrep nakiaseleyn

.nakanugid gnay sumur tagnignem kutnu hadum hibel nemirepske salek awsis nad urug adapek aracnawaw nakukalem nialeS

.lortnok salek adapek aracnawaw aguj nakukalid aracnawaw lisah nakrasadreB salek kadit lortnok salek awsis emsaisutna ,upmagnep urug turunem lortnok

ahaburep tapadret s ,aynmulebes narajalebmep irad n nakitahrepmem kadit awsiep bm ajale ar naidumeK .narajalebmep sesorp amales fisap awsis nad urug irad n

p awsis aparebeb aracnawaw lisah irad urug awhab nakatagnem ,lortnok salek adaaruk n wsis ,narajalep iretam nakiapmaynem malad isairavreb g a gnaruk idajnemfitka urug irad nasalejnep imahamem gnaruk , es nasob asarem nad l sesorp ama

.narajalebmep salek adap tsetsop nad tseterp nakukalem mulebeS lortnok nad nemirepske

halada satidilaV .uluhad hibelret laos satidla iju nakukalid ini naitilenep adap aynsurahes gnay ap rukugnem upmam tala utaus anam huajes adapek kujnunem nad dlav rukugneM .1 API IX salek id nakukalid nemurtsni aboc ijU .rukuid

adit nakgnidnabmem nagned halada laos ritub aynk r gnutih tcuorp lebat r nagned r akam %5 = nakfingis farat lebat r turunem 42 nenopser halmuj angneD .tnemom lebat r nagned nakgnidnabid gnay gnutih r irad lisah nakrasadreb .404.0 = lebat

,laos ritub pait adap utiay ,lebatr > gnutiht akij halada dilav gnay laos ritub akam ,82 ,72 ,62 ,52 ,12 ,91 ,61 ,51 ,31 ,21 ,11 ,8 ,7 ,6 ,5 ,4 ,3 ,2 romon laos ritub adap

%0%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%09%001

1 2 3 4 5 6

nemirepske

lortnok

21

adeS .03 nd ,92 n ,32 ,22 ,02 ,81 ,71 ,41 ,01 ,9 ,1 halada dilav kadit gnay laos nakg.42 nad

kalem haleteS satidilav iju naku iju nakrasadreB .satilbailer iju nakukalid akam , irad nalupmiS .404,0 lebatr tapadid akam ,42 = )n( atad halmuj nagned salibailer awhab naklupmisid tapad akam 404,0 = lebat r > 667,0 = r alin utiay , satilibailer

meti - ailer tubesret meti .elb teS e t naijugnep nakukalid satilibailer nad satdilav iju nakukalem hal i takgn

utas halas nagned aboc ju nakrasadreB .adebmep ayad nad laos narakusek ,nagnutihgnep margorp hadum nad ,gnades ,rakus otakidni nagned tapadid akam narakusek takgnit lisah utiay ,laos laos 4 ,rakus gnologret laos 62 tapadret

haleteS .gnades gnologret gnay laos tapadid kadit nad ,hadum gnologret ayad iju irad lisaH .adebmep ayad iju utay rihkaret gnay tnemurtsni iju nakukalem

adebmep id adret kiab irogetak nagned nagned itapad getak nagned ,laos 6 tap o irmalad ,laos 21 tapadret pukuc irogetak malad nad ,laos 9 tapadret kelej irogetak

.laos 2 tapadret kalej tagnas laos naktapadid haleteS - nakukalid naidumek dilav gnay laos tseterp nad

tsetsop .nemirepske nad lortnok salek adapek ialiN - irad ialin tseterp nad tsetsop mulebes ,naktapadid halet gnay m ,naitilenep sisetopih naijugnep nakukale

et uluhad hibelr nem naka ed ispirks gnem nak atar ialin iane - alin ,awsis atar imumiskam nad ,muminim atad irad tseterp nad tsetsop eD . atad ispirks tseterp

ategnem kutnu anug h amirenem awsis mulebes awsis lawa naupmamek iuwsis lawa naupmamek rukugnem nad narajalebmep a ataD . tseterp helorepid gnay

set apureb silutret set irad laos 02 kaynabes adnag nahilip . B lisah nakrasadreadid ,atad nagnutihgnep itap ed kitsitats atad ispirks tseterp nad nemirepske salek

lada lortnok a :tukireb iagabes h

lebaT 2 atad fitpirkseD tseterp N muminiM mumixaM muS naeM

nemirepskE 92 03 06 0631 ,64 98 lortnoK 92 03 06 5331 30,64

nakrasadreB T leba 2 atar naadebrep awhab tahilret - nemirepske salek atar

salek adap nad 98,64 nemirepske salek adap inkay ,adebreb huaj kadit lortnok nad tubesret salek audek awhab tahilid tapad tubesret atad iraD .30,64 lortnok

.amas gnay salek nagnurednecek ikilimem spirkseD i nad mumiskam ialin ialin nad 08 iggnitret ialin utiay amas tubesret salek audek adap muminim

.03 hadneret d nakgnadeS e atad ispirks tsetsop naupmamek iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid

gnay narajalebmep sesorp nakukalid haletes awsis nupuam naukalrep nakirebidkadit taas adap laos nagned amas nakirebid gnay laoS .nakukalrep nakirebid

tseterp . B kitsitats itapadid ,atad nagnutihgnep lisah nakrasadre spirkseD i atadtsetsop :tukireb iagabes halada lortnok nad nemirepske salek

31

.3 lebaT atad fitpirkseD tsetsop

N muminiM mumixaM muS naeM nemirepskE 92 57 09 0732 27,18

lortnoK 92 55 58 0412 97,37 nakrasadreB T leba 3 atar naadebrep awhab tahilret - nemirepske salek atar

salek adap nad 27,18 nemirepske salek adap inkay ,adebreb huaj kadit lortnok nad lortnok irad hadneret ialin itapadid awhab tahilid tapad tubesret atad iraD .97,37

hadneret ialin nakgnades ,09 halada iggnitret ialin nad 57 halada nemirepske salek.58 halada iggnitret ialin nad 55 halada lortnok salek irad

nem haleteS spirksed i atad nak tseterp nad tsetsop iju nakukalid ayntujnales , ijU .sisetopih naijugnep nakukalid mulebes satinegomoh iju nad satilamron lamron isubirtsidreb tubesret atad hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid satilamron

.nemirepske nad lortnok salek aratna kadit uata d ini naijugneP nagned nakukaliforogomloK kitsitats - .nagnutihgnep isakilpa margorp nautnab nagned vonrimS

tapad satilamron iju lisaH .tukireb lebat adap tahilid

4 lebaT satilamroN tseterP naijugneP lisaH lisaH

rajaleB seterP

)nemirepske(

rajaleB lisaH)lortnok(seterP

N 92 92 lamroN

sretemaraP naeM 98,64 30,64

tF | ialiN - rasebret |sF 569,0 067,0 2( giS .pmysA - )deliaT 013,0 016,0

si noitubirtsid tseTlamroN

airetirK tF | ialin akij naijugnep – et | sF lebat ialin irad gnaruk rasebrK vorogomlo - oH akam ,vonrimS H nad amiretid 1 .kalotid tF | ialin akiJ – sF |

in irad raseb hibel rasebret vorogomlok lebat ial - H nad kalotid oH akam ,vonrimS 1 satilamron iju nagnutihrep nakrasadreB .amiretid tseterp nakujnunem nemirepske

tF | ialin awhab – 2(giS.pmysA nad 569,0 ialinreb gnay rasebret | sF - )deriaTvorogomloK ialin naijugneP .013,0 ialinreb - naklupmisid tapad ,vonrimS

tF| ialin anerak lamron isubirtsidreb tubesret atadawhab – > 569,0 rasesebret | sFrad forogomlok lebat ialin i - vonromS 2(giS.pmysA ialin nad 642,0 - 013,0 )deriaT

.)50,0( %5 > roks awhab iuhatekid haleteS tseterp ayntujales ,lamron isubirtsidreb

roks aratna isnairav naamasek iuhategnem kutnu anug satinegomoh iju nakukalidtseterp hgnep adaP . ,nagnutihgnep margorp nautnab nagned nakukalid ini nagnuti

roks adap satinegomoh iju lisah itapadid akam tseterp nad nemirepske alek aratna = P helorepid lortnok ialin nagned nakgnidnabmem nagneD .589,0

∝ = 50.0 ,

41

> )589,0(P ialin anerak

∝ = 50.0 aggnihes , halada tubesret atad irad nalupmisek.)negomoh( amas gnay snairav nagned isalupop irad lasareb

atad nad lamron isubirtsidreb gnay satilamron atad tahilem nagneDasek naijugnep kutnu aggnihes ,negomoh iuhatekid gnay satinegomoh am atar na -

ialin atar tseterp d nemirepske nad lortnok salek irad iju nakanuggnem nagnekirtemarap iju utiay , t kitsitats nagned T elpmaS tnednepednI - tseT ijU .

(t T elpmaS tnednepednI - tseT ) ,nagnutihgnep margorp nautnab nagned nakukalided n iju sisilana kinkeT .%5 isnakifingis farat nag - t tseterp ujutreb kutnu na

lawa pahat adap awsis rajaeb lisah naadebrep iuhategnem nakukalid mulebeslarep .naku

lebaT .5 atar aud naamasek ijU - atar

saleK fD P

∝ t gnutih t lebat nemirepskE

65 ,0 589 50,0 693,0 250,2 lortnoK

nagnutihrep lisah iraD 5 lebaT t helorepid gnutih haleteS .693,0 rasebest nagned nakgnidnabid lebat ,250,2 rasebes 65 bd nad %5 isnakifingis farat nagned

t awhab naktapadid akam gnutih t irad licek hibel lebat < 693,0 utiay aggniheS .250,2H awhab naklupmisid 0 adap nakifingis gnay naadebrep ada kadit nad ,amiretid

ialin tseterp .lortnok salek nad nemirepske salek atad sisilana huruleS tseterp atad isilana ayntujnales akam ,nakukalid hadus

tsetsop d nagnutihgnep nagned amaS . ata tseterp iju nakukalem lawa hakgnal ialin satilamron tsetsop kitsitats iju nagned nakukalid nagnutihgneP . forigomloK -

.vonrimS tapad satilamron iju lisaH .tukireb lebat tadap tahilid

.7 lebaT satilamroN tsetsoP naijugneP lisaH lisaH

rajaleBP tsetso

)nemirepske(

rajaleB lisaHtsetsoP )lortnok(

N 92 92 lamroN

sretemaraP naeM 27,18 57,27

tF | ialiN - rasebret |sF 152,1 780,1 2( giS .pmysA -

)deliaT 880,0 881,0

si noitubirtsid tseTlamroN

airetirK tF | ialin akij naijugnep – et | sF gnaruk rasebr lebat ialin iradK vorogomlo - H nad amiretid oH akam ,vonrimS 1 tF | ialin akiJ.kalotid – | sF

vorogomlok lebat ialkin irad raseb hibel rasebret - nad kalotid oH akam ,vonrimSH1 satilamron iju nagnutihrep nakrasadreB .amiretid tsetsop nemirepske

ujnunem k tF | ialin awhab nak – nad 152,1 ialinreb gnay rasebret | sF2(giS.pmysA - vorogomloK ialin naijugneP .880,0 ialinreb )deriaT - tapad ,vonrimS

51

tF| ialin anerak lamron isubirtsidreb tubesret atadawhab naklupmisid – | sFebret K lebat ialin irad > 152,1 rases omlo forog - ialin nad 642,0 vonromS

2(giS.pmysA - .)50,0( %5 > 880,0 )deriaT atad awhab naktapadid haleteS tsetsop nakukalid akam ,lamron isubirtsidreb

margorp nautnab nagned nakukalid ini nagnutihgnep adaP .satinegomoh iju roks adap akam ,nagnutihgnep tsetsop ek lortnok salek nad nemirepske sal

tubesret atad awhab nakalupmisid tapad uti anerak helO .171,0 = P helorepid> 171,0 = P anerak )negomoh( amas gnay nairav nad isalupop irad lasareb

∝ .)50,0(

atad tahilem nagneD tsetsop lamron isubirtsidreb gnay satilamron atad nad aud naadebrep ijugnem kutnu aggnihes ,negomoh iuhatekid gnay satinegomoh

atar - ialin atar tsetsop iju nakanuggnem nagned nemirepske nad lortnok salek irad iju utiay ,kirtemarap t kitsitats nagned T elpmaS tnednepednI - tseT ijU .

(t tnednepednI T elpmaS - tseT ) ,nagnutihgnep margorp nautnab nagned nakukalidatar aud naadebrep iju lisaH .%5 isnakifingis farat naged - roks irad atar tsetsop

.tukireb lebat adap tahilid tapad :ijuid naka gnay sisetopih nasumuR

H0: edoteM napareneP gnivloS melborP evitaerC nagned )SPC( oohaYregnesseM lanoisnevnok narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep nagned amas )MY(

atam adap edeggnaraK 1 N AMS awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem malad.KIT narajalep

H 1 edoteM napareneP: gnivloS melborP evitaerC nagned )SPC( Y ooharegnesseM narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep adap irad iggnit hibel )MY(

adap edeggnaraK 1 N AMS awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem malad lanoisnevnok.KIT narajalep atam

tseT T elpmaS tnednepednI : akiJ .1 𝑡�𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔>𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏 le akam , 𝐻𝑜 ,kalotid H1 .amiretid akiJ .2 𝑡�𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔<𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏 le akam , 𝐻𝑜 ,amiretid H1 .kalotid

isnakifingiS nakrasadreB : > P akiJ .3

∝ akam ,)50.0( 𝐻𝑜 ,amiretid H1 .kalotid < P akiJ .4

∝ akam ,)50.0( 𝐻𝑜 ,kalotid H1 .amiretid

lebaT .7 ataR naadebreP ijU - atar tsetsop

saleK fD P

∝ t gnutih t lebat nemirepskE 65 000,0 50,0 699,4 250,2 lortnoK

.000,0 halada )P( nakifingis awhab nakkujnunem sata id lebat lisah iraD< )000,.0( P nakifingis aggniheS

∝ t uata ,)50,0( gnutih tahilid apad 699,4 haladat awhab gnutih t > )699,4( lebat < .giS ialin iju naklupmisid tapad akam ,)250,2(

∝ uatat gnutih t > lebat H utiay nasutupek akam 0 H nad kalotid 1 naparenep itrareB .amiretid

narajalebmep ledom gnivlos melborp evitaerc nagned regnesseM oohaY l hibenit g rad ig bmep ledom nakanuggnem adap i ale malad lanoisnevnok naraj

61

IX salek awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem 1 N AMS id KIT narajalep atam adap.edeggnaraK

nemirepske salek rajaleb lisah awhab ,sata id nagnutihgnep lisah turuneMgnay narajalebmep edotem nahaburep aynada nakanerakid iggnit hibel alumes

om nakanuggnem d evnok narajalebmep le oisn narajalebmep ledom idajnem lan melborp evitaerc gnivlos regnesseM oohaY utnabreb gnay . gnay lortnok saleK

jaebmep ledom nakanuggnem patet a nahaburep imalagnem kadit lanoisnevnok nar padahret nakifingis gnay .rajaleb lisah gnay nemirepske salek nakgnadeS

edotem nakanuggnem gnivlos melborp evitaerc nakanuggnem nagned oohaYregnesseM burep imalagnem .nakifingis gnay rajaleb lisah naha edotem nahibeleK

gnivloS melborP evitaerC akhacemem kutnu awsis hitalem halada halasam utaus nipadahid gnay .fitaerk kadnitreb nad rikipreb nagned tapadret sata id rotkaf nialeS

nagned utiay ,awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem tapad gnay nial rotkaf alup aidem naktaafnamem regnesseM oohaY iD . nakanuggnem nakukalid gnay isuks

sseM oohaY regne ibel awsis taubmem tapad el h l nanakumegnem malad asau inareb awsis atres utkaw nad gnaur helo isatabid kadit anerak ayntapadnep

.narajalep iretam ianegnem itregnem kadit akij aynatreb

.5 nalupmiS lisah ,naitilenep naujut ,nahalasamrep nakrasadreB ad sisilana n nasahabmep

et gnay naparenep awhab ini naitilenep irad nalupmisek akam ,nakrapapid hal nagned gnivlos melborp evitaerc edotem regnesseM oohaY iggnit hibel

rajaleb lisah naktakgninem malad lanoisnevnok edotem nagned nakgnidnabid IX salek awsis iju nakrasadreB .edaggnaraK 1 N AMS id KIT najalep atam adap

sisetopih tsetsop < )000,0( P lisah helorepmem t iju nagned

∝ H aggnihes ,)50,0( 0 p iynubreb gnay edoteM naparene gnivloS melborP evitaerC nagned )SPC( oohaY

regnesseM naanuggnep nagned amas )MY( lanoisnevnok narajalebmep ledom atam adap edeggnaraK 1 N AMS awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem malad

KIT narajalep H nad kalotid 1 p edoteM naparene gnivloS melborP evitaerC )SPC( nagned regnesseM oohaY ledom naanuggnep adap irad iggnit hibel )MY(

arajalebmep 1 N AMS awsis rajaleb lisah naktakgninem malad lanoisnevnok nKIT narajalep atam adap edeggnaraK gnay nalupmisek aynada nagneD .amiretid

taubmem gnay rajaleb edotem nakanugnem halokes aynsurahes nakrapapid haletm upmam nad narajalebmep malad fitka awsis sam nakiaseleyne a araces hal

rajaleb lisah naktakgninem tapad aggnihes ,urug adapek gmutnagret kadit iridnamawsis .

.6 naraS

aynada nakparahid ,ini naitilenep adap ada gnay nasatabretek tahilem nagneD naitilenep nakukalem tapad nad ayntujnales naitilenep naktaafnamem nagned

naidumek ,ada gnay naganabmekep itukignem nagned narajalebmep aidem.adebreb gnay narajalep atam nagned uata adebreb gnay iretam naknuggnem atreS

.isairavreb hibel gnay narajalebmep edotem nagned

.7 akatsuP

71

P ,8002 ,nikisa ,idaijuP ]1[ huragne S igetart P narajalebme M akitameta evitaerCgnivloS melborP ( SPC ) B nautnabre IDC fitkaretn T padahre K naupmame

M nakhaceme M adap halasa S awsi KAMS X sale , .nakididnep umli narabmel 2[ ] ,1102 ,hafinahk itiS E sativitkef S igetart P narajalebme evitaerC melborP

gnivloS ( SPC nad ) T smae G ema T tnemanruo ( T TGT padahre K naupmameP nahaceme M akitametaMhalasa P koko B nasaha P nagnidnabre T irtemonogirS tudu - tudus K adap susuh S awsi K sale SX retseme d i NAMS 1 irege P nodnageK netapuba K ladne T nuha P 1102/0102 narajale ,

2[ ] ,1102 ,hafinahk itiS E sativitkef S igetart P narajalebme melborP evitaerCgnivloS ( SPC nad ) T smae G ema T tnemanruo ( T TGT padahre K naupmame

P nahaceme M akitametaMhalasa P koko B nasaha P nagnidnabre T irtemonogirS tudu - tudus K adap susuh S awsi K sale SX retseme d i NAMS 1 irege P nodnageK netapuba K ladne T nuha P 1102/0102 narajale ,

]3[ id KIT narajaleP ataM nasupahgneP nakajibeK .)4102( .E ,otnatsirK kanuL takgnareP gnadiB id nahajajneP nakbabeyneM tapaD 3102 mulukiruK :aidesreT .]enilnO[.aisenodnI halokeS igaB retupmoK

/ten.idubokexf//:ptth laggnat seskaiD( 4102 ieM 02 ) .D ,iduyhaW ]4[ narajalebmeP ledoM“ .)0102( eracI ataM mulukiruK adaP

.”PMS id KIT narajaleP nakididneP naitileneP lanruJ 42 ,)1( 11 . 5[ anajduS ] .)1002(.N , rajagneM rajaleB lisaH naialineP . gnudnaB ajameR :

ayrakadsoR ]6[ nifirA .)0002(.Z , lanoiskurtnI isaulavE . odnisneglA uraB raniS :gnudnaB K ]7[ I irad aimiK lekitrA naanuggneP huragneP ,0102 ,irupsardni ,idamsa tenretn

S melborP evitaerC narajalebmeP ledoM adap gnivlo rajaleB lisaH padahreTS aimiK awsi ,AMS /di.ca.sennu.lanruoj//:ptth

]7[ K I irad aimiK lekitrA naanuggneP huragneP ,0102 ,irupsardni ,idamsa tenretnS melborP evitaerC narajalebmeP ledoM adap gnivlo rajaleB lisaH padahreT

S aimiK awsi ,AMS /di.ca.sennu.lanruoj//:ptth 8[ .)5002(.T ,onoyordneH ] 7 nakanuggneM( tenretnI id fitkefE gnihcraeS kirT

)ainuD id kiabreT enignE hcraeS . idnA :atrakaygoY 9[ nneD ] .3102 .navilluS y yB enignE hcraeS ralupoP tsoM s’dlroW llitS elgooG

ylthgilS spiD srehcraeS euqinU fO erahS tuB ,raF . :aidesreT .]enilno[elgoog/moc.dnalenignehcraes//:ptth - sdlrow - tsom - ralupop - hcraes - enigne -

4102 iem 02 .980841 01[ (.radnaksI ] 8002 .) oS nad nakididneP naitileneP igolodoteM fitatitnauK( lais

)fitatilauK nad . )sserP PG( sserP adasreP gnuaG :atrakaJ 01[ ,8002 ,radnaksI ] nad fitatitnauK( laisoS nad nakididneP naitileneP igolodoteM

)fitatilauK . )sserP PG( sserP adasreP gnuaG :atrakaJ 01[ ] ,8002 ,radnaksI idneP naitileneP igolodoteM nad fitatitnauK( laisoS nad nakid

)fitatilauK . )sserP PG( sserP adasreP gnuaG :atrakaJ 11[ .)2102(.rizmE ] fitatilauK nad fitatitnauK : nakididneP naitilineP igolodoteM .

adasreP odnifarGajaR TP : atrakaJ 11[ ] .)2102(.rizmE : nakididneP naitilineP igolodoteM fitatilauK nad fitatitnauK .

adasreP odnifarGajaR TP : atrakaJ 21[ .)3102(.olisuS ] ,fitatitnauK ,fitatilauK nakididneP gnadiB naitileneP edoteM

narupmaC nad . rehsilbuP awnaK :atrakaygoY