w6/v i^i^j ~ jl-b w.^ v6...
TRANSCRIPT
W6/V i^i^Jb ~_jL-. W ^ V6 : J J ^ J ^ . j t
dj* jUTjir^iridtM ^gjioji) juct igMMyt
j ^ i j U j I yii Y&) »j j i j i ji j JJJLS i_jb>tol ^SiLs<aj £jjy^ <b i j ^ j u i j l i j l -A) &' j j f j ' a ,Vw«-*
j JUI ( t * * <*J 0^ j l ( f«J 'Jj^ J* j - * j ' '■if^'jjA' * * " j f ?'-*Jl j ' iy*t J J ^ 'jT' (J~J^j' 8 J ^ (JjJJ ji <UU_JL*« j a i l i l ^ l i j ta j ) 1}| .JU) ,U-£ <*J oj»J J^ y6 j l (£j&£ O j ^ j ' <L*JL>- e£j LJ2 aU <U* j) **j
(OHI) ij> Jl tfiLS
U~^Jjt CH J^ (J?J Lf"*"* 7* .C-J«li <Lal.il jS^ 4l>-ja U J) /jj) j aJlju j U j ) oj S j i^aLSiUu
. JL5 413^ JaJ j i a= * / * &
[email protected] (Jy^.Sx-jji) «jjLi«xij ^-LijlSM
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
^ j u (V^-1 ••* *i <r~''-^' ?J^° " <-9^' J~° <• ic* ■* -3 •*'_>*' C^sta *> JJ.5 (_ Lft'C; i JS j j
. JJS ^ « j ' ^ i j c £ j ^ f ' ? " ' l j j l j a.sl.s j l S , O\J C-J»IJ \j !*&>* *> i(j>jl> ISJJ^ 4 ^
\i\ y a J»JlP j - ^ P / y l j ^ •■^A »***J (_£.JI > j 3j J ^ - u J j u / y I ^ J S O / J >^JJ +*&£' u AlS-aJfe
<b O v l ^ j l j j j J j . i j j J A I J S * - J^IS J\ AS 0 * » l (_jlsjl JJl 4j ^ 2 > t i C -J jS **A J ,U *J O J j J
O J_*2f Jj J-J . -Q&^JLa 4j ,alS ^Lif A a^Jia t *y I y l l ) . J jS ,V**J 'J -^J5*" ^ Z>jjjj*» i.^S L>- ^5NJ
U trt-^fU ^Lif rt-Jljj . J W<U C-^-*3 l j / y I •■i_^) t JZ3u C-^O (1)ISN « J ( j U j jjfc J ^ J <lftj& ^ 1 y
^ < j j \ ^3NJ 4J jwl jr*- j ^ . -*\S ^ L i O JJ* L ^ u t r t - ^ u ^ L i J J U U J rt— £ u ^1 Z> rt-> j O j j j 1
.(Y " M ( j OJ^U d3s^) J j O LSN^UJ U ?wljr>- J ^ \j . Jl5s-ft-A I * j l^j Alia) -aL*'! J 5j£>
^ I^JL I ^ u J l > - >A t J j Jr>- ^£}S*JJJ j j ^ i ? JjM £ t , ^ l l * 2 i ( j ! j j a j j ^ - j - > - l (^i-AtJl ^ J.J
J J I J ^ J a i ^ o I - 5 J ^ - J c ~ i « J U J I 'i 1 1 ? " Jj^ ** J L * O j L ^ « tL f t ^ j L i l j j j J I J J C ^14 j , - J l j j
L^JJ <i j L u l i i j I j j o C-">! ,V*=r sl i JJ.5 A J I /J>^ .OY'A?' t^^p IJ_>C-^ J j l i jr>- t^ jULu)
C—«!>L-" j j (_g-J i i ^ - J t J ^ l j c« i« (_gLft(jU^jt j j lSo l AS C^ ^U^JJ I <CS\J O \ L tC^ ^
^jL*Jl o!>(> iL« j TcJj ^ J J ^ j ' 3 C ^ ^ H J ^ c ^ ^ ^ - j " j ' JUas.(u s * t !j.iL^3 j sJ uu
VA* jjJ^- 4j p JjJ Jl C-jU<ij j^^lS jl i j (Vo C—«!>L-" j j y j j ^ ^ l i i j l j j o j/Li«
I J-aJ <b < .^^«)^dS i j j J .C_^ l »J-_^j 4JIL.
fi^ a^j i j l j / ^ a l S -^' ^ J LAC-A^
J U L J I t4 *jj\j9 ( j I j l ^ J wJj j 4j J *y j j ^ l Zib /yjj (*^J^ LL*tJ / j l J.J J J j ^ oJ JJJy \ J
. J j j l j j l j S (JJL-» I^J-Z' (jL»J I
. - j JJJ 4j J _«l tC-«i« s l S i j j (J-^ .C-^*1! Jai J_« . J£A J C-«i« slS i j j J J (.. - ^ l l ^ o l j j j ^
tjLft-o ^ 3 {.. -Al« olS J J ^ (l>Ua« j ^ j Z>. -* ^j-^-J ^ J J / c^*-^ ^ J Cj>^ J*^-* ^--^' 'J t ^ ^ i ^ j
t J l » ^ i j j l t J j S j ^ '•jjjst 'J J^ ^J3 <-^-~^ «IS Jj.5 J.5 . J J U J - S ( J ~ * ^ 0* J*^ ^Jr^ J J^J™^1
1. happiness 2. Mc Mahon 3. positive psychology 4. Cowilliam 5. Seligman 6. Eyssenck 7. Cheng & Furnham
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
p i ta I j ^ j > - ^5 t ^ y i ^ ols J J O j - i j J J t a ^ JJ^° J J - U J j y
. J j u ^ o 7- y2J* ^ ^ P U ^ - I <U2^- j . } 4^- j tiSs-wOD I <U2^- j . } 4^- tY * j J Lc**J'J /c*** l**^ (1)' J J J-3
? J j j b ^ ^ L l a 4>- > 0 ^ 4$" ^ jA
•y I J j u U ^ o J j ^ j J b - j3 J C—**M j J ^ — J I P O (_£J5SJO Jlj-c*) j^a\^- j j 5 j . } J j . J - ^ ^ o j £J
J\ j3 \S C-«i« . _**) uJti(j I j j 41*uJfc J.S (Jl 1**) *y I Y JJ j I - i , JL1« J ^->J>- \*z*- 4j>- (*- v° 45 C-- *-"!
L>CJ O C-- *-*•! , J l^ t *A _J j j j ( j I j ^jjjt c* ^ - ^ " J-wol (£jj*J J <—■'j J?UJ y O ^ j^S . -^
J-o . ~fi o L i i^^o j J J O . -^ c£jS/*' *-*0* **JI ^ <- -«t.JCS . ~fi C-> 1J-A C-«i« ^ j ' j ^ 0 **—-* "" ' j
, j b l j * > j J?LzJ t ^ p Jj^JaUaxJl U 4J J»wol .JLS i-fi / U - ^ C—Jl*5 j j D (£) y y L * J J J J U J
L_JJI^J J j j i > j l c i j ' j ^ V ' -^—"^H^j* ^^^^s* J 1 ^ ^ L* j{ ^J>^j *& b cy j ^ J ' L5^^*"
<h tiSsj^jJ JL*^J ^ lo jL * ' o I j J-wol (Y * * * ) ^ JJ u c*i! .(Y * * A <. IJSS-JIJ J i S j \ £ t^vSsJLs
. JLAOIS JJS . -\Jh . J U I J J — 1 IC- -*1! a$S ^JL* i A^ j i« 4JIJ Lo j ^ LoLi tC-^-*1! t^^iy'J^"
j\ Q5\J£. *-*•! c^'y LJ^J* *^ j l j 5 J I S —Y j t^j^-j/i /*^'j^° ^J^TJ t^-jjJ^2-a ^LA^JSJ-A ^ J ^ <J
^ J J w o ^ j j l ^ L A ^ 3 J - A O C-^"l JJwoj jJ^olSslA J»wol 4 ^ j U >»^JLO "yl j J ^ . L A O U T J J J "y!
Ol jAJ J s ^ l S ' l l i 4j ^ j j L l ^ l J j J i l « <> j l *Jl AS' (^jLftj^; tu4 J l i^j>-^
<u tY * * ) iiSv^ . ( n AA tsi l j j»LA^-l) o ^1 sJJj J J O U J U ^ ^ I S i l i ^L^u <g>-j>^ j C j y
I j J-^ l J C—is (jU^Jfc Oty LS ^l'-**'l 'J <S^' ^ ( ^ ' * " '(_£j^->^" J i e * H l ' ' ^ * " ' J w / J l 1]^
C J j > j l j l ^ j j - S J j j i i5 \ j C—»-^ 4j U 4 i A J ! JJ^SJ . J J l l ^ A (_$ll-A 4 * J A J ^ « j j J A J j j jv^-«
(Y • «r) " J I ^ J J T .(^AJ> t,^L>.) - u T ^ i l ^ J
j l *5 J J J-^J ^Jj-« (t^V J ' J J C--<o! <* J ^J^1* c* ^ ^ j l c * ^ ' ^ 0'j-^° j ' t^-> to-* <Jj^tJ I j
i 4>- j ! C- -*11 a A - i LSs-tZJ j - . ^ ' g - <**) j I O C- -*11 , J I j j — , ~JJ <l****-*i0J tiSvj ^ ^ L i . j-*S . -^
1. You, Furlong, Felix, Sharkey & Tanigawa 2. Snyder 3. Mackenz 4. Alberekstan
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
.(Y " V 4 i i 5 \ j j j ^ j j ) C-*»l 4i^ol j Lftjhsj j j2-5^« J2 j l j j i t C J i j j
. ^ j J <>. j ih>t^ ^LA(jUjL*i j C-^u J^>1\s\. «15 ^L i 4j J? ajj^ ^LA^ t j f c j j j i Hr* cJL*' j l
^J-^ l ^3 J ^ ^ l S ' ^ L i , j i ^ — - <^IJJ ^ t - fc j l JJI ^ J ^ ^ " - 5 ' — * &\js* cr^—" ^ * ' j ' t_r*"-H
.(Y * * V <. L IS jT) JLil s JLi j ^ U J j l ^ l ^ J L i ^ t j I j i l ^ I A S J ^ ^ j y j i j C - I 43^5 jJ i i
3y>- ^ b o ^ S s ! * * j U o J U i Jl J ^ " ( c * s ^ j J5l *»<• *» C- i< Jb .s \J , - 5 J J j j j 45" (_j J I J _ J I
SJS^J j»Jp j iJ'JJ C—«! m 45 JJlC-^is i j-^* - (_£'J''3 <J'j ^ i ' 3 " JSLJ j l J J J 4S i l i C-J U<ij
j l s\jh\ /yA \^2*MJ> <. JJM^S j L U j l i I j J ! j *> JJj j J C J L ^ > J ^ 1 iv»-! j i c ^ (^LftjUx-A
(£3 3 j2*3*ji f-j^&\ j J***J O j J s j (_£ J-« iyS L> e!j-ft-A , c^'Jj J t Ji-*-*^>- (_£jl5 JL* j . 1« >L**
Jlae~£j — flJO j P J (_£jl*»^jjl -**l**^-l j l l_JUX>e IJLWLS j j J JJ j l - i j £>-y i j > . -pL*l2>-l J
C~»-ftl j l 1.7-jb** j L f t s J j ^ U j J J jhS"j lS" ( j l f t j ( ^« l5 ' j l i 9-J^OJA 4j 4^-JJ . ( ^A? 1 t i l j T )
i^£j£ p, ; *\ ,/V" JJj I 3 tLAju5j LoLJu p j ^ ^ j ^ /y I OL*-J O l^>- tC- ^1 j l -^ j *>- y L JL> jL-^o
.(Y * * 6 t j l j ) J j - i ^ j * UjJ I ^ j ^ i L i j j ^jS j l j jL>- t j^pUis- l ^ ' JJj
4>JL O j ^(c* j ' - ^ i ^ i i s ^ ^ J ' - ^HJ^ OUis t ! j i L«JJ 4i O kwJ J U i i l jU^Jk dS\j tJLol
j l 4J j J L ^ j j^\j> J J U J I ^ A I J - Y tJU^jT^ ( V J U I j sj>- ^JSIJLAI-^ j l j s l j l j j ? 'iS' c^ - I
j a.ijS' iUxj I L » J I > A I J AJ I j SJJ I j J ljr»-l <b (_5l_y I j j » j ^ s j ^ l -T J J " ^ ( 5 * J^ * " *—'^ *'
Ulp J>J!J J s lS j J i J>J!J t^Jsl Jjfcl j l j l P 4J J^«l 4j l ] j^ «U» AJ I . JJJ3 ^ * J i i? - j^*^« J j i ? j J
LLiu j j l J>O JSO JJ J-^l i i ] j ^ «U» AJ I . ( ^ ^ < i j ^ ^ ^ t j JJ l i ^ l ) JJ jJ i^« 4i>-ljJi ( j l j S j l S )
<u ( j L ; ^»J j j C - i s j ^ .(^ Y"A6 t jci l- j j JJ j j j Js t i t j c^ i j i I i L i»j»-jj tY * * f i j l s ) J J j b
« UIP)) j l j JLol JIJSI . •AiS'Lj* -SL^J I j j i ^ (_JIA j U ^ f t j I j ^ C-~>- i j c ^ i * ^ I A j U ^ a t^Jsl JL»I
J j j j r ^ J J J * - ^ , - X J U L ^jij j J j j b j j > - ^JSIJLAI j j j S ' J L i j ( ^ l ^ iSjr^ ( ( ^ I A S I S J J f i ) j
<b J^«ILi JI^SI Ul tJJJ5 s^Lk ^1 /y, £JU- ^ I A S I S J J S j l j JJJ5 J i i? - I j j j > - sjosJl J J J I J J ^
j l I j SJ>- &yS^>\ i c ^ b ^ / ~ ' j ^ ^ - ^ J J * " ^ J-3 '^Jjl'SLc*5' ( ( ^ I A S I S J J5)) j « Ulpi) A X J I J J J
JJJ- . c6 LS 2>j**2\ 4j j ^ t l « ■3_?5*" ^ ^ ^ tV t JJ J ^ L -« , -Ala ^ L A jLs^Jfc j l > - J J 0 j l J C- ^ J
1. Francis 2. Premuzic 3. Argyle 4. Warr 5. agency 6. pathway thinking 7. Carr
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
tJJ jJ l^s JjiJJ i s * * " t__9l J-*l 4J ( j J ^ * j s l j j i 2u J^sl (_£lj!.3 .31 .SI LJ-^J -Of ' ' ' 'J-^l-" ^u
L> («-* j j b ^ j j U f»-*) iSJ^ («p'-*-:rH c 5 j " J ^ ' j - * ^ "^*l cSL)'-3 -^j^l ( j i ' _/; »yte . J J j J i ^
. ( ' » » » t j j 5- r j U^« t j J j LU*)I) JJJO. ^ ISsJ- (jl .S»o
Tt j l i i . JJ£>-l.iw (jL^jL^I slSv i J l j £>o (jU j ^ t i J l j ( J l j j {^-~"^ ^ j *k*j>< oi }-wo ,> i ^ j S
j i i t j ^ u .SO ( j lA j r^Jjt 7*-> ^ .•JJIO^ »5 . _* * IJ y l j J-LftJU*i c * ^ .5 L i 0 ' U ^ y J J J '* -^ J-«o!
A1 j>c_^ £>■ .C-"-**1! 0^ ^ ( j l J-LftJl *t. -«IS . i L i ^Xo I 151 AJ J^C-^° C^J'-^L < ^ ° JJ-k* ^ J ^ - 1 ^ ^^ ^--a'
j j i > - ^ j U J^CJLJI^ j l jSJ Tfd jULt i 4Jj^J .C-^*-l^jj dSs JL*J Jj l J-^-lj^«!>L*fl s\j I OISSJLJI^
U J»wO I j I . J>^o ^Xo I 151 J j J-. c*)j 4 *5-1) / y I 4J - JLA j j j j ^ (T * * w) j J J U ml j /yo J ls
u j i jJfc ( j-*^* tS j . S J J j j I C- > U^ J J C-«i« ^_JU£> \ $& j (£ 5 L i ^Xo I 151 4j j ^ t l « . -Lo L*J O j j -^5
j l ^ l J ^ ^ - A . 0 * ^ ^ ^ J > l I j ^ ^ j j l C J U O j ^ l T ^ U
(^j—^- o U i j <6 J^sU j j r - j j VVA ijjj y_ sj>- lJzj*jy_ j J (Y • * 6) b^jy j J>^ij~}
1. Michael & Cheavens 2. Feldman 3. Adler & Fagley 4. Litzinger & Gordon
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
. JJJ j_« t^J^ /V^-jj/c*^-^ ^ J J LSJ^IS**- JSLJJI jci j iUj (_5Lft<ijJ Jl [j>o L)IJ** *J
A j j? o JJ^JIIJ jL^Jil j j>- i s j j j J J (^V^* t(_jjL > Jl Lii 4J tY * * ?■) JIJISN^A j /y J^J;
,J~-4J ^ j * J i s ^ ^ J (_£'-** ' /T _^£ O'js* ' ^ * ' _/! L5™* L5* - ^ SJj^ LS^ J^ * ^^~
. J J U ^ S -LftlS i >l Ja^sl j { S S. tu3l (_jLft'bl tl Ab / J l * " J ^ ' - ' - ' l i / c * / A i ' j ^ ' i c * ^ J
<Uajlj . p^ JJ j j l C-> U^j j J-_al ^yj O ^O (jLt j . -JLAjjj J ^ (Y * * r ) J^JJ ^ J »1> 4Jfl t4 j l j
C i j ' j -V 1 ' i>y ^ -V^J *s>^ u i ' ^ t ^ * J _ % J-5 (^ ' ' ?) J ^ l l * - I -5jl-5 - i j * -J (^ jb^ j l iw
4j . i j b SjS^-J (^ j l^ / c -« / 3c: w**»A j l la Oul^cJfc J j j l c£j'J^-^1 J —•" ^* Ou l^_A J
j l Lfll*^ O Jl5 . -2 . ^ I j j l j I j . p^ 5j*&\ ^LA4JLtJ trt-5 u / j ^ u j l j J -^a l O O j i ^ /y I
JLijI j j j jlgJil (Y * * V) JJJL^I J JJJIJ .C^*l <_£l4LUL» (_$IAOJL^« jA^ j ^ A ^ iJ ^^AP
i-V*** . i l - i l j i j ^J'"3 LSJ'^LS**'8 'Uajl jLS*lj ^L i J iS <&j j l C-yU<ij ( j l j -« IJ -J—»l /Ja *> &
d X l l j .C^*l j>y - i 2>\j>\ j l jJ A J L tJliL»Jk s j ^ L JJl<C3j5 (J!>U? t J L i l s i ^ 'iS'jlla <& iS^j^
\J\ A> Jj^o (*l*c-il JJJISSI**) j ^ . JLL^J^O jyi I j- Jl Yrr y o , 5 iiAjjj j ^ (Y * * H) f»-^j
OUJL>- SLSJjl J J^—i\ji\ iL*&\j IAjb ^ J U J jhS'jlS'^lS'.il i ^tjIjsl <& L_>- j l j l
L> j J — i * ^ ^ ■3_? ; ^y^j-3 -,'-«- >- j l l j J l jU^ C—^Uij tCo LgJ J J J a j Z ^ ^j—iUjj
J J /yl j l t j l jU-j <u i l J^j O U J > - 4JIJI j i Lftjb J J L J jus jl5 (_£ JJIS (ftjtJ *o 4r»-jji
_y ickjjp S J ^ ^ (_y ^ "^* - tC-9jS J ' j 5 is ^J^H ^JJ^ J l j - "" (VI j - ^ l * - ( J ~ * j j i J J
I ^ J11 ~J U J -5 4J I jL^jL-> J ^ jbS'jlS'^lS'jLi
^ j*? 4ip>i Jjjj 3 4J3*i i^jUT 4MI>
yiJ ^V6 j j j jiiT' - <.fTb jLS'jlS'J5") JU^_ib j\S" At JU^_il jb_^jU-j JJI J J V^^
J J> U j I &jS WlJ Yw) o J_ f ^u 4*^lr>- j l yl) U * y \AZZ*J* t j f c j j j /y I ^ j w I 4Jj^j .(-^ >-*
j ^ y \ iy^MjX^^i Ijfi (JLOjlS ^ t j f c j j j L £ J ^ * ' 4^*1*" ^ - * J I ^ ^>-JJ I-1 •■3JJ ( ° l j ^ aJ_P yii Yu i j ^ ( j ^ J ^ <ulS t(j^-**'J'-*-J J J J ^ ^« (^ jlSs-ft-A b j ( ju ^jLft-o /y I j ^ JJ^2^- u t^ aj j l jJM
s -«j 4i l j ^LuS j l yii 6 ' (j-^-*1 . JJJJAJ L *S j \J ( U r l l ) SJJL*£ I LC ' IJ ^L i 4<LLi*« w
1. Sherwin et al 2. Valle, Huebner & Suldo 3. Baily 4. Wong & Lim 5. Oxford Happiness Inventory
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
. -9-iL^J iSj^ ^ J-*J / t^JJ ^ J? <~->l>slJl ^ OJ /~SJLa j L * ^ t -3' jJ*cJI kl>J j l J \ J U (jU I 0 J-*j I
. JJ J_£ *y lSol>- )el o5 J J^jlaj I ( iSj^ 2 ^ aJ^P J ^ J ^ O^L*
^ j ^ f e j lJul j»3*1
(OHI) aj$fl«J'T(_s«U'aU) <uLi»»jj
4T c - l *~Li - t^ )1990( V J J i ^ V -12—y )OHI( ^ L ^ T ^ I S ^ L J CJJ& J (_£-!-« I j i b t,gls!^ ^ tC-J-s (ji>- t,J> Juj Jl C - j l * i j <U2^- 6 j C- ->l s^U 29 (_$ljl-i
L~S t!>L^I ( (_$I4JJ l i J '-f^ O j ^ a j ) U r l l ( SJJL*£ I ' U L L a j O i / l j -* .Jksxl^^s I j ,j~-4J
*-*■>- .C-***M e J_£ LSN^UJ O o f, -a ^j\JS a -ftj 4 u 1 j l * wJjj 4j O J_£u. „a ) ^u j j Ja^ j ls
.d~-ul 0 - 1 1 6 j l (j I 4lsl.i O JLA J(-« LSvJij I j ^iLiLs l i a-»j f U l l i u ^ j j O J i l j ^ (_£lAa-»J
<t_^U« 0/90 J J U * t-^J^jT347 JJ_^ J J Ij < u L _ ^ j , l ^ lA , )1990( jJ j J j l f J t L l 5 j I j jJLft( 0*« l sJ £ (t^jl_p l ■ " " l * * (_g j JJCU OUjUas j j 4*lj i - ^ j i igi \JJ Sy
j k ^ j j j T j b ^ S ^ ^j^-J-5 J JJlsJjS' <U^-jJ I j j l j l ^ j l j.5 )1378( Nbj_jJ j J J ~ ^ . )2001
4j lo 4^LL£U-*I jj ^j&^a . J l_ j .kl^^l o J- f JUJ u lo )ki3\Ji l j ( j l ^ j _£ -»>u ZtO'Jj( L y2^^>e!L« 8
j ^ I j <ULlJL**ijj *y I j I J J j j i b )1378( J u j aj j j j ^ ^ l p .C-***M a J - ^ j **2* >e^a 10 J-o b
^ L ^ f J J <J. J u L k O I «tf ^ t j f c j j j \i I J ^ . J j j O j l 3 . -**J J ^J J^ (jl ~gj OISN^UJO (jl> fc?^*ujO
, - j U j l jL> J 0/92 i_A;»^j t0/98 ? - L i j j i (_$l-4j! ^ J J ^ . 0 9 j 5 j l j S (C^Jj^ -^JJ^ (_Ah>t^
.C-^*1! o J-£ 4^**)lj*t^ 0 / 79 O L A 4_**I j l « j
i j ^ i u5 I i l S ^L i j j ^ j I ( j U j U t i f t 4 i ^ j j j ^ £-*j jd )1389( , J l £ls oW j C-JU
J 0/901 ^ ' ^ J ' j — - 2 9 (^ IJJ UJT k - ^ j j ^ JIJUL. J I J j L i J ^ b j J _ J ^ b ( > L ^ J l ) O H I (
( j l j i> -J (^ IJJ j 0 /882 ( j l j—«J » j j ^ t i ^ ^ ^ J ^ i S ^ u"JJ k oyj1' Ls-^-k ^r—ij^
LSd'jJ J uikk i^jy. * - ^ ^ ^ LS^* jJ i )1388( ^ j l j J *\y ^^[A<. J^^A, . C _ ^ l 0/91
. j U I j u -Ij >i? j l 4^L1JL**) >j j b l (Sj^ ° j l ^ l .^- i^ l^ (*^*Jl ^jy ^ I ( c*^ ■i'-£ ^1-^ £-**'?i
. j j j j t a j j j w 0/001 »Ja*» j j 'iS' i\i c^ ~MI \I I J 0/88 ^SC ^AJ>> I_jj*J> t4iift 4 ^L^ l i L
j j ^ j T ^Ls-^ j j ) O H I ( ijj£ ^uS'T^lS'^Li j j ^ j T J5" (j^>-l £ (^IJJ 7-LijjS' (_jl i5T
t j j™ u J l j i . Jls ^» j ^ j l i i a (_$IASJI JLil AS J JJ 0 / 87 J Jbt* O j ^ j I <U-^« j J j 0 / 84 j i\ji
t -«JlSsJl (_$LftjjJi5 j j I j <KA\LL^>JI_ AJ I 7-Ljjy (^UJI )1998( d x i l i i_-JLi j j i * J t j j l ^
.JLil s^jS' ( j i j l j j i—">lu bLilS' j L > J ^ I tL3lji*J
?-LJj>5 ^UiJ I ^ ^ J J j l o^L^^I u. ^15 ^U^ 4^1IJL**) >j jL>U k ^ l - ^ t j ^L>- ^ £ J & J j j j ^
.C- *il oJ_£ Lyy'p 1 kJj^-?- j - ^ *k5 jj^s <i *ii?^a i_o ■l1 ?'" j
1. Lu 2. Hills 3. Brown, Lester & Philipckalk
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
_j^b- o-^SJi -P (OHI)(-S*lf'.ilS> 4*Ll»)jj ^ b b ^f_j*> .1 J fJur
""' a"1-*"
j ^ j l j ^ l j i j ^ l j l i ^ j U - o ^ j h S j l S
. J-*i I »>-i (J-wol s-UL j J-wol s-Lflj j l tJ-wol *_*So**> t. J L J-wol) . -L^?l (»o jL^>- ( j^i *>\ j-> j i i w j I
4ia_A O L J I S J J LAC-WJI*5 ^JJ-« J ^ <a^5^ T * ^ j J ^ - J j l ^t>ej j ^ .C- -*1! ^t>ej J ^ J " y J-*--*^0
j ^ LAOJL^-S / y I ^ j -S j l S 4j LAo j^ f i. JL, ZS , -« U^^ ^^-5^ i * 3j J->- O Aj k* t>ej j ^
^ J ^ P Cjjj^a AJ I J IJLU^O O J J J ^is* ^—^^y o^^ - ' j - * -^ ^LC* i*^*c j - ^ j 5 ayjjj up X>j
\>- \j L j I J-wol ^ L A O J L ^ O j l e-sLas ^1 L> u JJJS tiSs-*S »>o JSSJ 4J J J-US ■?-Ja« /, ^ J j J
. w L i , -« 4 J ! J ! . J) \ 4_^uJj>- 4 j J ? J J wo I ^ J L J I S S J j J 4_^uJj>- Jb u <d^5^ l * j 5 . J-US
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
;_JLdSj 4 J ! J ! d Ju_a! j 3 u j ^ frL^pl 4j d3s-0 t L3 <t*uL>- &**&*# J J j - * •(*$-**' -*uL>-
j ^ u * J1 J C>-ll£ j »Ukp! a i f JO J C ^ - L - i <. J J 4^U- 9yj>y jjy> > j l *>- 4_J»-
osJl>j Ssljl tjlS' ,b»=-» j^ (_«lS'jLi , j i j l js l j (jjljS^yiLc
l_4- l> j 4 J I J I t l f t j L ^ b JJvst« (_JJlil_JlS J Xua\ 4j Js2J
<u jJu ^ j (_jl^ »l5 A *i j L tj :Jj^*> j OISUJI Jl d>o j > Jl i\jh\ C^A^oj <Jlj^ j (JSJUJ ;_JLdSj 4 J ! J ! tJ_J* r~Jhji {.JLSI^CJ!. -2 j l 5 1 *=-* J-3/ c * l ^ -^ l**1 ^ ^5 / -i^JJ C> .03 a.s
O-J15 5^ 4J ( J J L ^ * I J CJ?'y ( * ^ '*-**'1 c ^ J $■*' * ^ ^ y <«l^l i. La 4^L* - &**&*# j j j - * • ( * - ^ A 4^L>-
i_JLd>J 4 J I J I t J j i aJIJ ( J l * - ^
j . j I ISIJL^S! La <UuL>- j ^ j <UuL>- / y I j ^ ^JSJ^A t, L2 4 ^L>- &**&*# jjj* • ( i - ^ - * 4 ^L>-
^JJJLA . J j i 7"yz* k—**"u* (_jlftali j J o (_glft^S j j j ' L T ^ 4 ~Jk?- $-yjsy> JJy° '•(>-& * l**"t"
j U j ( j~«J .i_J! JkSj 4 J I J I t J i> ( j I -to I 131 j al , i p l j i ~LJ>\ (_gl L j Ja i?- 4 ^Jlr»- / y l j J
J * - ! ^ j i o\^f ©3jf 3 o ^ i ^ 6 3 / ° ^ I T i l i s>j»i J L M ijljsul 3 U .X J3 Jt>
i 5 j ^ i JJ*jT o-i Oj- jT ^
j U . . j l j ^ J I 0$^ ^ k J l j ^ l 0^W» J 1 ^ " i-iLr*^ O^W"
^6/^6 V ' / U V/6V V6/6Y ^f/?V W f ' Y6 ^ . U j T
^ /V? AV/Y« ^V/U A6/Af \T/f\ Af/YA Y6 «ljf
1. hope bonding 2. enhancing hope 3. hope reminding
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
84/28 aljT sj^S" <.14/67 j 63/40 ^ U j T aj^S" i _ ^ <u Uaj^S' j l dSC y ^ l S ' . i L i j L w
8 J / t 3 / 5 7 j 1 0 5 / 5 2
J - ^ L-IJJJL« c F f: ^ y: 01 - 1. F
> 0 / 0 0 1
> 0 / 0 0 1 125/35 1 0/73 > 0 / 0 0 1 1 2 5 / 3 5 6684 /56 1 6684 /56 >jj?
53/32 46 2452/88 I k i
i j ^ (JUS j l 5 / , o 0 J-* j I t f ^ i u£$ U C-- **M a^ Z> a.i!.i ( j l wj 3 (Jjw\r>- j ^ O 4Jj5 (jL*-*
j > P 0 /001 ( J j l J ^JS^J (_£ j l . i ^ j t s O j l i j ^ ^ l i Jl i J i U J J l a l j i a j JT J i f ~ i -3 ' "Jjr
O j l i j J U O J J 7 3 t^So J O J L P ' b t J i b ^ ^ a 0 / 7 3 U ^ 1 ^ O j l i j L J J I J j l j - ^ . ( F = 1 2 5 / 3 5
.C-^*M <CUMJJ JjT>-J A j J
F
12/81
24/81
/-*>oL^ < i ? - j j
OljJ-l>E-« t 5 ^ /
222/46 1
4307/13 1
173/57 46
0/939 0/21 >0/001 12 /81 222/46 1 222/46 j _ ^ jT ^
7984/33 I k i
3 5 t j ^ j O J L P ^ t ~ L _ i b _ ^ 0 /35 U ^ 1 ^ O j L L " U ^ _ j b j l > _ ^ . ( F = 2 4 / 8 1 j > p 0 /001 (
^Ua> - jlSs-«l t j > o ^ O J L P 4J tC-^- l 1 L> j j i j J c £ j ^ ° ' ^ ' j ^ . X i U ^ o ( / c ^ J j ^ C - ^ J - ^ P ( ic&jj^
(^CUAJ-I ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
(5 j * f 4se*i5 3 ^ 3 U
ajS / c * ^ -3' ^ 0 J-* j ' LJ"*"£ (^LAo »-ft-J / i o J j O „a ( j l JL) l ( J j JL>- j l a J_a I C-- ^ Ju ?CJ to
AAI^JA j l—£J £ H ^ " — ^ y ( j i ' ^ .-ijta ijs^j ( _ j j l J ^ J W O j l i j slj—S" s j j i j ^jt—^Uj I
C-*** Ju A^^SJ .5j\} j J u (J j io ejS u <u o ULa j ^ J^J U j I ejS j l i y , c*^ -^l-^ y / c ^ j - 3 ^-* '
jljlS\_»J!> j ^ ^ ^ u l S t ( n A V ) j l j lSv»_A j ^ j JuU!>lp (_^Lft - L f t j j j ^ H ^ 'J r*"*5 " < r ~ * j j d J ' s^-* '
J U <b <.Y * * ? ) j l j l S w . j jijj^ <.(Y * * ?) j JO L J <.(Y * * 6) jSvJU j ^] J T <.(Y * * 6) j Jb L _ J
(Y • • \) ^ j ds t i l j j (Y • • V) j j b t L — I j J L b t(Y • • P) j l j l S C ^ j <dlj t ( ^ n « t c£jL_fc j l
C-iS' J l j J ic* ' u i L r ! ^ -,SJ •iLc»Lc»li-iLi -toljsl *—»-y -*~»l j - i l - i jl^S ^JSJLA LI ^ i U j i JL»l
j l AS 4JJ5 j L *> j AJjL>^_a^_al5 ^L i (_$Lft4ji]j^ ^ j j j l J -XJ J . i j t a ^ l S j L i j j ^ - ^ j iJL»l <6
j . i a J A15 ^Lif J . ^ l > - l l ^ ( j l j j C-^^A**1 C-^JJ c£' / O^V j l j JL^SI J u l . -fl J ~^L>- J^JbJ j j ?*CJ l l j
. ^ i> - l l ^ ( j l j j C-^!^-**' j , c*^ -^ l -^ / j - 0 J^I-J j l J^«l oj l ^ j C-- ^1 tSjJj^ J (*J^ J ^ j 5 * * - * J^
JLO b U U JJ* (j I y . ^-*) O l ^L>- j ^ O JL^«I . -&jS O l ^L>- Sjs^-j u j Ju5 . ^ IJ J^j I j
j -S J j j i i5^ w» S\ j j5\^- U (_£jlS ( r * J l ' ' ■ "•"'- '<j~^?-*-* J J ' ISJ^ ( ^ u JjS i . ^UJ jj
iji (_$jLj J ig^SSrJ^ ^S Ajj lJb Ji ( » j | j w J ai? 4 j O J j i f*%*p\ ( J L f t s j l un 4 P J A J ^ S t J j 3
iJljl5s-ft-A j^^-**il5 JZAJ j j 4j (JIJJ /<* tJ^^J'Ji LJV J H L J * ^ J*-3 ' ^ ^ J J ic* ^J^~J ^ ^J**^"l j^
t j l j L x * > j t y U J 5 ' j l J—aJ 4J tY* * \) y>£ua <dS" <> J I J J ^ 'Or5?-*-* -^j—S'sj ' ^ ' (^VAA)
tLPj^ j^o y j / j j j j ^ I j J-wol j C-«i« (ju»t*A / y J . —c*)L*i| I j ^ ^ L i O ^ j l ^ o j L i l ( i n *
^ L ^ J *&\J J5 . JJ U J ^2>cJl« I J j U j ^ ^31J-AI j I •^LJ u IJ C-^-l «>-l WO iJ^ ^ L A jUx—A
j-wnL-nl ^U^3' t j U j ^ JaJ-A j ^ j ^ J ^2>CJL« C^'^H ^ ' ^ - * ' 0^-^ ^j^-^-« j l (c^^ L ? ^ 0 c£'-A^We-'-*
^ j IS j L*i j Jala 4j tjLL5l Jjbl ^1 J»^Jl j l Lj-*J L)L*2>-I WO j i S I J-wol AJ JhJ ^»*L*)| y .C-^-^l, J U j ^ J-«ol
J-**j, -« JaJ 4j t "y I y ll> .(T * * * i.j JJ ll**)|) JJJ I . «« Otoj^ (JU^ **-> 01 j l / c-^u . -Al« O L ^ L W ^ - I U 4j«_aj j ^ ^1^1 ^ l43j>- J U 5 J iSj^ '*— -?" J ^ ° l / c^3_p 6 j j L^ ° *u>-iJ-« ^ L A O J * ^ j l e.sLai**'! L
t i j l i ^ j b s j — jJ^-uJli 4»J>- j> - O ^ i l « ^ L A O I J J J ^ / ) 3 j /V° j ' ^/V^?-*-* J j L o j D "yo j ^
. ^ j i (*-*^ L? s-U^pl^oli ^L i o L > - j ^ J j | j j _ «
te^SJ Ol jJ / c* ^(V *^d L^^*LJ^*-?Ji ^LAA3u u j^a\>- (V^Jji ^ L A 4 3 u 4 *^JLLO j l _IS j Jaj
i, j j - ^ u j C-^>U^j <.. S J j j j l C-^>U^j <.. ~fi\S ^L i tJ-wol Lj-^>ljs! js. J U j ^ J-wol j l e.sLai**'! o <l^sS
. i j l i j j i j i J I j ^ jcolr*- ^1 J l ^ J ^j_w5l j t^-j| Ja^?l ^t j fcLi "yJ>c-ft-A j L ^ L / J 3 * " -9 LJ -**^ ^ j ^ -
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
j l jL i i l : j l ^ A ^J\JJ , ^ -L i k—**-! .OVA?) j ^ > - oljT
i l j I elSv uJO j u a^t-Zjo J ^ . -^M ^1 <UJULS (_£ljO ~JMJ J ^5 ^ j * >cj . ,>cJL_a (_£lA ~*la "^TJ*
. j l l ^ j fc>- Ola*Jts»EJ J (» alp
JJJ j-5 IJJA " 5 1 ,_» loL i j j ^ j T j ^ U jUxift . O Y M ) 7-j—9 i,e»l AlS'.jtlaJ j j t a j £* I C J U
.^6 sjLowi tj»jL»r>- S J J J ' J ^ J J <Llj JJl <uL\L^3 . \A3JJ J^-\JI^A^M\ i\j\ slS^XJlJ (jUjr»cJij|j
J^O fijj^ , I,^**T" C.'>tf9j^ j , - L*^5*ej j l ^ « /*-*** t^-^i <U2J!J 5 ^jy.(11 Ar) 4^? t 5 ?t^3*"
t. ^ay^S' . ^ * ) l l ^ ( j l j j J j ^ j ! . -^Ll^ j lS <taU j u u J\T—AW . I, * *T " (JL*I J ^ ( j l ^ j > _ . -AlSv^uJO
JUlJJs] y_ ^ j U j i wL I t>uj\ tj'js* ic '"JJ. . 0 ' >' ) 3JA3*JH t(_£jl j l i J <K*3*J <-^'j>' ZIJ>-
A ? - A f ^ tOA) Y sjLowi t6 JL» L^Sjij^' j ^ - L i j l j j ^ULL^i
( j ^ : (6 J J L J V ) u i j l j j l («~v ( c ^ k i i j l j j j j ^ ^ — ^ j ^ ' j j <uliL^5 .j^s JJJ (_5Jj^C-jUi>j
.Y^6-YV
j j U j j ~Lja\ j ^J i i t j j j l j c -^ j j j .OY'AV) (V^^- 'C5JJJ^ j j ^ ^ -*-«-=*=-« t^JsL^o is j>J t,Jj-Ul»!Ap
.j»jL^r>- sjLowi t j j l &JJ3 t ^ i > - l i i j l j j C—«!>w
i«l^ £"" j j (s i ' j J J ( s d ^ i«—'\* "-^* is ^J^H - ( ^VA) J J — I P J ^ J - I t'bJl > j j j j J_«J-I tjj_—Jlp
. Y ^
r * — I^P (.Y i ojL>-^ t, -**)Li*ioljj j ^ (j^*-?_^i J LJ-*^ .01 JJ^>JL*'L C * ^ ■ '- O^j** y j ^ - 1 '-***'' ^--a'
.w l\*^>- 4-«-?-jj • 0' ~jl c5'Jk^-L*Jj^ J LS* ^ c - ^ •C—i« [ , J'CJMjljj .(Y* * r ) j ^ I tjlS
^uLdA ^ > c l ^ j l j j(_gLft^S j j j . ( i ' H*) jjAr>^« "-tSJ^i^J p^._r ^-*r*c-* ' i c * ' - i ' ^ ; * ' ' ' j ^ J ' i J ' - ' j ^
.23-7 => t) 19( 3 sjU^i t6 JL* t(_j.i ,>jlS ^ ^ l i i j l j j <uuL^3 .JJJI I^ I J^l
. 3 ^ U ^ 4JL^9i j eJ_**i j l y oJj 3 <w>-J . c ^ ' j ^ C-«i« j . _*!> JJ! C-«i« .)2003 ( ( j l j 0 *1 t i»LL j5
Adler, M. G., & Fagley, N. S. (2005). Appreciation: Individual differences in fnding value and meaning as a unique predictor of subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 73, 412-425.
Alberktsen, G. (2003). Happiness and related factors in pregnant women. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Median, Chula Long Korn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Argyle, M., & Lu, L. (1990). The happiness of extroverts. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1011-1017.
Argyle, M. (2003). Personality, self - esteem and demographic predictions of happiness and depression. In H. Cheng & A. Farnham (Eds.), Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 34, Issue 6, April 2003, Pages 921-942.
Baily, T. C, & Snyder, C. R. (2007). Satisfaction with life and hope: A look at age and marital status. Psychological Record, 57, 2, 233-240.
Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2002). Personality, self-esteem and demographic predictions of hap-pines and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 921-942.
Feldman, B. D., & Snyder, C. R. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal-directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 3, 401-421.
Francis, L. J, Brown, L. B., Lester, D., & Philipchalk, R. (1998). Happiness as stable extraversion: A cross-cultural examination of the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory among students in the UK, USA, Australia and Canada. Personality & Individual Differences, 24, 164-171.
Francis, L. J. (2003). The relationship between religion and happiness among German student. Pastoral Psychology, Vol.51, no.4.
Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). Emotional stability as a major dimension of happiness. Personality & Individual Differences, 31, 1357-1364.
Litzinger, S., & Gordon, K. C. (2005) Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 31,409-424.
McMahon, D. M. (2006). Happiness a history. New York: Atlantic Monthly Permuzic, T. C. (2007). Personality and Individual Differences. The British Psychology Soci
ety and Back Well Publishing Ltd. Seligman, M. (1999). The prevention of depression and anxiety. Prevention and treatment,
2, Article & Available on the World Wide Web: http://journal.apa.org/prevention/volume2/ pre0020008a.html.
Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York: Free Press.
Snyder, C. R. (1995). Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 355-360.
(^clsAj-f ^ L i o l j j 4Jbw
Snyder, C. R., Michael, S. T., & Cheavens, J. S. (1999). Hope as a psychotherapeutic foundation of nonspecifc factors, placebos, and expectancies. In M. A. Hubble, B. Duncan, S. Miller, (Eds.), Heart and Soul of Change, Washington, D.C: APA, pp. 205-230.
Snyder, C. R. (2000). Handbook of hope. San Diego: Academic Press. Snyder, C. R. (2006). The discursive proportion of hope: A qualitative analysis of cancer pa
tient's speech, qualitative health research; 12(2). Valle, M. F., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, SH. M. (2006). An analysis of hope as a psychological
strength. Journal of School Psychology, 44(5): 393-406. Warr, P. (2005). Work, well-being & mental health. In J. Barling., E. K. Kelloway., & M. R.
Frone, (Eds.), Handbook of work stress. Thousand Oaks: Sage Pub. Wong, S. S., & Lim, T. (2009). Hope versus optimism in Singaporean adolescent: Contribu
tion to depression and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 648-652. 46:648–652.
You, S., Furlong, M. J. Felix, E., Sharkey, J. D., & Tanigawa, D. (2008). Relations among school connectedness, hope, life satisfaction, and bully victimization. Psychology in the Schools, 45.