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LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR
UJI PENGARUH KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN WAKTUPROSES PENIRISAN TERHADAP KADAR MINYAK
GORENGAN PADA MESIN MINI SPINNERPORTABLE
AGUS FERY ANGGRIAWANNIM. 201454075
DOSEN PEMBIMBING
ROCHMAD WINARSO, S.T., M.T
QOMARUDDIN, S.T., M.T
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN (SI)
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS
2018
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UJI PENGARUH KECEPATAN PUTAR DAN WAKTU PROSESPENIRISAN TERHADAP KADAR MINYAK GORENGAN PADA MESIN
MINI SPINNER PORTABLE
Nama mahasiswa : Agus Fery Anggriawan
NIM : 201454075
Pembimbing :
1. Rochmad Winarso, S.T., M.T.
2. Qomaruddin, S.T., M.T.
RINGKASAN
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan putar danwaktu proses penirisan terhadap kadar minyak gorengan pada mesin mini spinnerportable. Dengan menggunakan metode soxhlet akan mengetahui kadar minyakyang dihasilkan pada gorengan. Kecepatan putar penirisan meliputi 600 rpm, 900rpm, dan 1200 rpm. Sedangkan waktu penirisan meliputi 30 detik, 90 detik dan150 detik. Pengujian kecepatan putar dilakukan 3 kali dengan waktu penirisanyang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kecepatanputar maka hasil penirisan semakin baik. Hasil kadar minyak tertinggi dengankecepatan putar 600 rpm, waktu penirisan 30 detik dan presentase penurunan8.4% namun hasil minyak lebih banyak sebesar 14.1 gr. Ini menunjukkan dalamkategori kurang baik. Hasil kadar minyak terendah terdapat pada kecepatan putar1200 rpm dan waktu penirisan 150 detik serta presentase penurunan yang tertinggisebesar 40.2% dengan hasil minyak 9.2 gr. Ini menunjukkan hasil tersebut dalamkategori baik.
Kata kunci : mini spinner portable, soxhlet, kecepatan putar, waktu penirisan, kadar minyak
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TEST OF THE SPEED AND TIME SPEED INFLUENCE OF THETREATMENT PROCESS ON THE COATING OIL CONTENT IN THE
PORTABLE MINI SPINNER MACHINE
Student Name : Agus Fery Anggriawan
Student Identity Number : 201454075
Supervisor :
1. Rochmad Winarso, S.T., M.T.
2. Qomaruddin, S.T., M.T.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this reseach is to rotating speed and processing time tofried food oil content at mini spinner portable machine. To use soxhlet methodwill knowing oil content that result at the fried food. Rotating speed draining is600 rpm, 900 rpm, and 1200 rpm. While draining time covering 30 second, 90second, 150 second. Test to rotating speed do 3 time with time draining thatdifferent this research have result that the higher it is rotating speed then theresult of draining the best it is. Oil content the result highest there is at rotatingspeed 600 rpm, draining time 30 second and decreasep percentage 8.4% but theresult more oils as big as 14.1 gr the showing bad category.oil content the resultlowest there is at rotating speed 1200 rpm and draining time 150 second and adecrease precentage higher have result 40.2 % the result of oil 9.2 gr. This resultshowing good category.
Keywords : mini spinner portable, soxhlet, rotating speed, draining time, and oilcontent.
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KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Segala puja dan puji syukur bagi Allah SWT, sholawat serta salam tetap
tercurah kepada junjungan kita Nabi Agung Muhammad SAW. Dengan rahmat
serta ridho-Nya akhirnya penulisan laporan tugas akhir yang berjudul “Uji
Pengaruh Kecepatan Putar Dan Waktu Proses Penirisan Terhadap Kadar Minyak
Gorengan Pada Mesin Mini Spinner Portable” dapat terselesaikan.
Dalam proses peneyelesaian laporan ini banyak pihak yang telah
membantu, baik secara langsun maupun secara tidak langsung, secara moral,
materi maupun secara doa. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan
banyak terima kasih dan rasa hormat yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:
1. Bapak Rektor Universitas Muria Kudus.2. Bapak Mohammad Dahlan, ST., MT., selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muria Kudus.3. Bapak Rianto Wibowo, ST., M.eng., selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik
Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus.4. Bapak Rochmad Winarso, ST., MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan
selaku Wakil Rektor III bidang kemahasiswaan Universitas Muria Kudus
yang telah meluangkan waktu, wacana, serta perhatian lebih kepada
penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan tugas akhir ini.5. Bapak Qomaruddin, ST., MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing II dan selaku
Koordinator Skripsi Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria
Kudus yang telah memberi masukan serta nasehat yang membangun
dalam membimbing penulisan selama penyusunan laporan akhir.6. Bapak dosen tim penguji tugas akhir.7. Kepada seluruh dosen Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria
Kudus yang telah memberikan ilmunya, terimakasih atas ilmu yang telah
diberikan semoga penulis dapat mengamalkan serta menjadi amal jariyah.8. Kepada Laboran Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus, terimakasih telah
meluangkan waktunya dalam peminjaman alat-alat laboran.9. Keluarga besar penulis yang tersayang, ibuk, bapak, adik yang telah
memberikan do’anya yang senantiasa mendukung penuh untuk kesuksesan
serta penyelesaian laporan akhir ini, baik moril maupun materil.
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10. Rekan-rekan seperjuangan serta teman-teman mahasiswa Universitas
Muria Kudus khususnya Program Studi Teknik Mesin angkatan 2014 yang
tentunya tidak dapat saya tulis namanya satu persatu.11. Semua pihak yang tak dapat saya sebutkan satu persatu atas segala
bantuannya pada penulisan tugas akhir ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa penyusunan laporan tugas akhir ini belum bisa
dikatakan sempurna. Oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan sebuah kritikan, saran
serta sumbangan pemikiran dari berbagai pihak yang bersifat membangun dami
terciptanya penyusunan laporan yang lebik baik kedepannya. Semoga hasil karya
penulis ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan kita semua.
Wassalamu’alaikum warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh.
Kudus, 25 Agustus 2018
Agus Fery Anggriawan
DAFTAR ISI
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HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi.................................................................................................................
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xi
DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xii
DAFTAR SIMBOL
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.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xiv
DAFTAR ISTILAH DAN SINGKATAN ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Batasan Masalah ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Tujuan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
1.5 Manfaat ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Mesin Spinner ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Gaya Sentrifugal
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.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................10
2.3 Potensiometer ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
2.3.1 Prinsip Kerja Potensiometer ................................................................... 122.3.2 Jenis – Jenis Potensiometer .................................................................... 122.3.3 Pengaplikasian Potensiometer ................................................................ 13
2.4 Minyak goreng ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
2.4.1 Sifat Fisik Dan Kimia Minyak Goreng .................................................. 152.4.2 Jenis – Jenis Minyak Goreng ................................................................. 152.4.3 Dampak Kandungan Minyak Dalam Makanan ...................................... 162.4.4 Dampak Yang Diakibatkan Mengkonsumsi Minyak Goreng
Berlebihan .............................................................................................. 162.4.5 Cara Mengurangi Kadar Minyak Goreng Secara Manual ...................... 18
2.5 Ekstraksi ................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................192.5.1 Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Proses Ekstraksi
..................................................................................................... 20
2.5.2 Macam – Macam Metode Ekstraksi .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.5.3 Jenis – Jenis Pelarut Ekstraksi .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.6 Penentuan Kadar Minyak ................................................................................................................. 24
2.7 Analisis Data ................................................................................................................. 24
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................27
3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian ....................................................................
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.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................27
3.2 Alat Dan Bahan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................28
3.2.1 Alat Dalam Penirisan Kadar Minyak ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................28
3.2.2 Bahan Dalam Proses Penirisan ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................30
3.2.3 Alat Dan Bahan Pengujian Kadar Minyak ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................30
3.3 Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
3.4 Metode Penelitian ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
3.5 Metode Analisis Data ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................32
3.5.1 Populasi Dan Sampel ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................32
3.5.2 Variabel Penelitian ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................33
3.5.3 Analisis Data ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................34
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
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4.1 Hasil Pengujian ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................37
4.2 Analisis Data ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44
4.2.1 Analisa Regresi Ganda ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................45
4.2.2 Uji Signifikasi Parameter Individual (Uji T) ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................46
4.2.3 Uji Signifikasi Simultan (Uji F) ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................47
4.3 Pembahasan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................48
BAB V PENUTUP ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51
5.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51
DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN BIODATA PENULIS
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Mini Spinner Portable ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Gambar 2.2 Gaya Sentrifugal ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................10
Gambar 2.3 Potensiometer Putar ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Gambar 2.4 Simbol Potensiometer Standar IEC ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Gambar 2.5 Simbol Potensiometer Standar ANSI ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Gambar 2.6 Saringan Minyak Manual ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................19
Gambar 2.7 Penirisan Menggunakan Tisu ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................19
Gambar 2.8 1 Set Alat Soxhlet ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Gambar 2.9 Alat Destilasi ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Gambar 2.10 Metode Titrasi ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................23
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian
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.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................27
Gambar 3.2 Mini Spinner Portable ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................28
Gambar 3.3 Tachometer ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................29
Gambar 3.4 Timbangan Digital ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................29
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Hasil Kadar Minyak ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................44
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Tabel SNI 01-3741-2002 Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................14
Tabel 2.2 Tabel SNI 3741-1995 Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................15
Tabel 3.1 Alat Dan Bahan Metode Soxhlet ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................30
Tabel 3.2 Penentuan Jumlah Sampel ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................33
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian 600 Rpm Waktu 30 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................37
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian 600 Rpm Waktu 90 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................38
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian 600 Rpm Waktu 150 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................38
Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengujian 900 Rpm Waktu 30 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................39
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengujian 900 Rpm Waktu 90 Detik..............................................................................................................................................................................................................40
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengujian 900 Rpm Waktu 150 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................40
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Pengujian 1200 Rpm Waktu 30 Detik
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.......................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................41
Tabel 4.8 Hasil Pengujian 1200 Rpm Waktu 90 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................41
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Pengujian 1200 Rpm Waktu 150 Detik ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................42
Tabel 4.10 Hasil Pengujian Penirisan Manual ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................43
Tabel 4.11 Perbandingan Hasil Penirisan ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................43
Tabel 4.12 Nilai Koefisien Regresi ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................45
Tabel 4.13 Hasil Uji T ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................46
Tabel 4.14 Anova ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................48
Tabel 4.15 Hasil Uji Statistik F ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................48
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DAFTAR SIMBOL
Simbol Keterangan SatuanNomor
Persamaan
x́ Nilai rata – rata gr 37,40,43Ʃ Jumlah hasil uji 38,39,40n Jumlah gr 39,41,42
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Titik Persentase Distribusi T
Lampiran 2 Titik Persentase Distribusi F Untuk Probabilitas = 0.05
Lampiran 3 Hasil Analisis Data
Lampiran 4 Buku Konsultasi
Lampiran 5 Lembar Revisian
Lampiran 6 Lembar Turnitin
Lampiran 7 Surat Pernyataan Laboratorium UNWAHAS
Lampiran 8 Biodata Penulis
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DAFTAR ISTILAH DAN SINGKATAN
HDL : High Density Lipoprotein
LDL : Low Density Lipoprotein
SNI : Standar Nasional Indonesia
BSN : Badan Standarisasi Nasional
PE : Petrolium Etter
IEC : International Electrotechnical Commission
ANSI : American National Standards Institute
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