topik 2 penulisan objektif n hasil pembelajaran

8/11/2019 TOPIK 2 Penulisan Objektif n Hasil Pembelajaran

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TOPIK 2

Penulisan Objektif dan

Hasil Pembelajaran



Apakah Perbezaan Antara Objektif &

Hasil Pembelajaran?

Objektif Pembelajaran

Menyatakan apa yang

guru perlu buat iaitu apa

yang perlu diajar, danapa yang perlu dirancang

untuk mengajar.

Hasil Pembelajaran

Menyatakan apa yang

pelajar tahu atau boleh

buat atau jangkaan apayang pelajar tahu dan

boleh buat setelah kelas

tamat.

Apa yang bolehditunjukkan oleh pelajar

tentang pengetahuan dan

kebolehan membuat

sesuatu selepas sesuatu

perkara diajar.



Pentingnya Hasil Pembelajaran

Menyatakan apa yang perlu dikuasai olehpelajar

Membantu anda memberi tumpuan dlm

penguasaan hasilMembantu anda dlm merancang &

menggunakan pelbagai kaedah

pembelajaran & ABM yg berkesan untuk

pelajar menguasai hasil pembelajaran itu

Membantu anda dlm merancang penilaian

pelajar



Ciri-Ciri Hasil Pembelajaran

Hasil pembelajaran yang baik mempunyai 3 ciri berikut:-

1. Kata kerja

2. Pernyataan pembelajaran

3. Kriteria pembelajaran Contoh HP :- Murid menerangkan bahawa siang dan

malam berlaku kerana putaran bumi pada paksinya.

1. Kata kerja – menerangkan

2. Pernyataan pembelajaran – siang dan malam3. Kriteria pembelajaran – berlaku kerana putaran bumi

pada paksinya



Ciri-Ciri Hasil Pembelajaran

Hasil pembelajaran mesti eksplisit :-

1. S – spesifik

2. M – measurable – boleh diukur

3. A – attainable – boleh dicapai4. R – relevan @ realistik

5. T – time frame – tempoh masa

Hasil pembelajaran mesti ditulis dalam bentuk tingkah

laku yang boleh dilihat dan diukur, spesifik dan bolehdicapai oleh murid



Kategori HP Mengikut Taksonomi Bloom

Pengetahuan: mengingat kembali

Kefahaman: kebolehan menerangkan

Aplikasi: kebolehan menggunakan sesuatu dlm situasi

yg baru Analisis: kebolehan memecahkan sesuatu kepada

bahagian-bahagian & mengenal pasti perkaitan di

antaranya

Sintesis: kebolehan mencantumkan unsur-unsur supayamendapat satu struktur yang bermakna

Penilaian: kebolehan menilai



Pengetahuan Kefahaman Aplikasi Analisis Sintesis Penilaian

Melabel Memberi contoh menemui Membahagi Bercerita

Membuat

kesimpul

an

Mendefinisi menganggar menghasilMembuat

inferens

Membina

semulaMengkritik

Menyebut memperluaskan menukar Mengasing MengarangMempertahan

kan

Memadan menerang menyelesaikan MembandingMembuat

generali

sasi

Menilai

Mengenal pasti menambah mengait MemecahkanMengkategor

i

Mempertikaik

an

menyenarai menghurai mengira mengilustrasi Menjana Menyokong

menama menunjukkan Membeza Meringkas

menyatakan menggunakan Memilih Merumus

Mengubah suai MenyusunMencantumk

an

Kata

Kerja



Learning Outcome

Learning outcomes are written in the form ofmeasurable behavioural terms. In general, thelearning outcomes for a particular learningobjective are organized in order of complexity.

However, in the process of teaching andlearning, learning activities should be planned ina holistic and integrated manner that enablesthe achievement of multiple learning outcomesaccording to needs and context. Teachers

should avoid employing a teaching strategy thattries to achieve each learning outcomeseparately according to the order stated in thecurriculum specifications.



Suggested Learning Activities

The Suggested Learning Activities provide informationon the scope and dimension of learning outcomes. Thelearning activities stated under the column SuggestedLearning Activities are given with the intention ofproviding some guidance as to how learning outcomes

can be achieved. A suggested activity may cover one ormore learning outcomes. At the same time, more thanone activity may be suggested for a particular learningoutcome. Teachers may modify the suggested activity tosuit the ability and style of learning of their students.

Teachers are encouraged to design other innovative andeffective learning activities to enhance the learning ofscience.



What are learning outcomes?



Learning outcomes are statementsthat specify what learners will know orbe able to do as a result of a learning

activity. Outcomes are usuallyexpressed as knowledge, skills, orattitudes .They represent essentialand significant performances to be

achieved by all learners after theteaching-learning session.



Learning outcomes help you in many ways. They :

make it clear what students can hope to gain fromfollowing a particular lesson.

help you to select the appropriate teaching strategy, for

example lecture, seminar, student self-paced, orlaboratory class. It obviously makes sense to match theintended outcome to the teaching strategy.

help you more precisely to tell your colleagues what aparticular activity is designed to achieve.

ensure that appropriate assessment strategies areemployed.



This means each learning outcome statement has threemajor components, namely

An act ion word that calls upon the learner todemonstrate or perform something

A learning statement that specifies what the learner isto demonstrate; and

A broad statement of the cr i ter ion for acceptableperformance

Learning outcomes convey to the learner the specific

behaviour to be attained, the conditions under which thebehaviour must be demonstrated, and the proficiencylevel at which the behaviour is to be performed.



How to actually write the learning outcomestatements?

What is important is that the learning outcomes should

be written in clear language, identify important learningrequirements, be assessable and be written in the futuretense. Key features of an outcome learning statementinclude:

an action verb - describes what the learner will be doing.

measurable criterion - how the learning will be evaluated. Sometimes you can also state the conditions ofperformance - under what conditions will the learningtake place.



Action verbs

The use of words to “understand” or

“appreciate” is essentially useless as they

do not convey what the student should be

doing. Bloom's taxonomy can help as it

defines six categories or levels of thinking.

The following list can help to generateideas for writing learning outcome

statements.



Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

define Describe apply analyse arrange appraise

list Discuss demonstrate appraise assemble assess

name Explain dramatise calculate collect choose

recall Express employ categorise compose compare

record depict illustrate criticise construct estimate

relate locate interpret debate create evaluate

underline recognise operate diagram design judge

label report practice differentiate formulate measure

quote restate schedule distinguish manage rate

locate review sketch examine organise revise

match translate use experiment plan score

cite inspect prepare select

reproduce question propose value

identify relate combine defend

state solve integrate justify

test

classify



Exercise 1

The student will be able to measure (act ion wo rd )

the volume (learning s tatement ) of an irregular shape(cr i ter ion ).

Could you now identify the components in the

following learning outcomes?

1.The student will be able to list four factors for photosynthesis2.The student will be able to label the parts of a plant.

3.The student will be able to write a poem about the universe

4.The student will be able to construct a model of the earth.

topik 2 penulisan objektif n hasil pembelajaran

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