TUGAS

SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS

JUDUL

PENGERTIAN DAN CONTOH PENGGUNAAN JENIS

TENSES DALAM KALIMAT

BOYI MELIH GUNAWAN

NPM : 11210440

FAKULTAS EKONOMI MANAJEMEN

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA 2014

Pengertian, Contoh, dan Jenis Jenis Tenses

Tenses merupakan perubahan kata kerja dalam kalimat yang berhubungan dengan

waktu.

Di dalam bahasa Inggris ada beberapa jenis tenses yang digunakan, yaitu:

1. Present Tense

a. Simple Present Tense

POLA: S+V1

S + is / am / are + C

Fungsinya adalah:

Menyatakan kebenaran umum,

contoh:

1. The sun rises in the east.

2. A square has four equal sides.

Menyatakan kebiasaan, misalnya:

I usually get up at 4 o’clock every morning.

Ana takes shower everyday.

Menyatakan keadaan pada saat sekarang, misalnya:

Lucy is beautiful.

Prof. Arnold is a wise teacher.

Keterangan waktu : every day, every week, every month, today,

at night, tonight, once a week, in the morning, generally, usually,

seldom, sometimes, occasionally, now days, habitually,

frequently.

b. Present Continuous Tense

POLA : S + has/ have + been + V-ing

Fungsinya adalah:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada saat

sekarang.

1. Desi and Yuni are talking and drinking in Java Café right

now.

2. Sarah is studying in her bedroom now.

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi di sekitar saat

sekarang/terjadi pada suatu periode.

1. The students are studying English this year.

2. Dody is building his own house.

Menanyakan situasi yang berubah

1. Is your English getting better?

2. The populations of the world is rising very fast.

Keterangan waktu : right now, at present, now, at this

moment, today, this morning, this afternoon, this evening,

tonight

c. Present Perfect Tense

POLA : S + has/ have + V3

S + has/ have + been + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang tela terjadi

(akibatnya masih ada sampai sekarang)

1. I have published my book.

2. She has finished writing her thesis.

3. Dery has been in Indonesia since last year.

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang tidak akan pernah/ belum

dilakukan dalam suatu periode waktu dan berlanjut sampai

sekarang.

1. I have never smoked.

2. She hasn’t written to me for nearly six months.

As a professional doctor, he has never made a mistake.

Keterangan waktu: for, since, today, recently, already, yet,

lately, so far, ever, never, these years.

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA: S + has/ have + been + V-ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang telah dan sedang

terjadi.

1. Fanny has been working here for three years.

2. They have been studying English in America since last year.

3. I have been waiting for you for over an hour.

Note: Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous

Tense mempunyai cirri-ciri yang sama. Perbedaanya adalah:

pada Present Perfect Tense peristiwa/aktivitas sudah

berakhir sedangkan pasa Present Perfect Continuous Tense

peristiwa/aktivitasnya belum berakhir.

2. Past Tense

a. Simple Past Tense

POLA : S + V-2

S + was / were + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang terjadi di waktu

lampau.

1. I typed a letter yesterday.

2. I went to Baron beach last week.

3. I met a foreign tourist last month.

4. Keterangan waktu: yesterday, last night, last week, last

month, last year, the day before yesterday.

b. Past Continuous Tense

POLA: S + was/ were + V-ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau aktivitas yang sedang terjadi di

suatu waktu lampau.

1. I was studying when my mother came.

2. Erna was taking a bath when the bell rang.

Keterangan waktu: all – (day), at – (five o’clock), last-

(Sunday) then, that moment.

c. Past Perfect Tense

POLA: S + had + V3

S + had + been +

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau aktivitas yang telah terjadi di

waktu lampau atau menyatakan peristiwa/ aktivitas yang telah

terjadi sebelum peristiwa yang lain terjadi di waktu lampau.

1. Wulan had taken a baht when I came to pick her up.

2. Miss Retno went home after she had finished her teaching.

Keterangan waktu: when/before + clause (past), just,

already.

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA: S + had + been + V-ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang telah dan sedang

terjadi di waktu lampau atau menyatakan peristiwa yang telah

dimulai dan masih berlangsung ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di

waktu lampau.

1. Dhea had been taking a bath for ten minutes when I came to

pick her up.

2. Kaka had been playing badminton for two hours when it

suddenly reained hard yesterday.

Keterangan waktu : for, since, when + clause (past)

3. Future Tense

a. Simple Future Tense

POLA: S + will + V1

S + be going to + V1

Fungsi:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas di waktu yang akan

datang.

Penggunaan BE GOING TO

a) Aktivitas yang terencana

b) Hal-hal yang sebelumnya sudah diketahui.

c) Ada tanda-tanda

d) Pembicara (Speaker) yakin bahwa suatu peristiwa akan

terjadi.Misalnya:

1. Look! It’s cloudy. It’s going to rain.

2. I know that my parents are very busy now. I am going to help

them.

Penggunaan WILL

a) Mengungkapkan kemauan

• I am very tired. I will take a rest soon.

• I am very sleep. I will have an early night.

b) Menawarkan sesuatu

• That’s look heave. I’ll help you with it.

• I’ll lend you some money.

c) Menyatakan janji

I won’t tell her what you said

I promise I’ll phone you as soon as I arrive.

d) Menyuruh seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu

o Will you please be quiet?

o Will you close the door, please?

e) Menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang diputuskan pada saat

berbicara.

“did you phone Harmonie?”

“Oh, I forgot. I’ll do it now.”

f) Untuk menyatakan prediksi, WILL dan BE GOING TO dapat

digunakan.

Be carefull! You’ll hurt yourself

Be careful. You’re going to hurt yourself.

Keterangan waktu : tomorrow, later, soon, next

seek/month/year, the day after tomorrow.

b. Future Continuous Tense

POLA: S + will + be + V-ing

Fungsi:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang akan sedang dilakukan (di

waktu yang akan datang). Tense ini biasanya ditandai keterangan

waktu tertentu.

1. I’ll be teaching at nine o’clock tomorrow morning.

2. At this next month, I’ll be having graduation ceremony.

Keterangan waktu: At this time, next week/ month

When S + v1

c. Future Perfect Tense

POLA: S + will + have + V3

S + will + have + been + C

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang akan telah terjadi (di waktu

yang akan datang).

1. I will have finished my study by the end of this month/

2. By the end of this year, I will have got married.

Keterangan waktu : by, by then, by the time--, by the end of ---,

before the end of this week/ month/ year, before + clause (present),

before + clause (present)

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA: S + will + have + been + V-ing

Fungsinya:

Menyatakan suatu peristiwa/ aktivitas yang akan, telah, dan sedang

terjadi (di waktu yang akan datang)

1. Brandon will have been working in the United States for five

years by the end of the month.

2. Fay will have been teaching for an hour by the tome you come

tomorrow morning.

Keterangan waktu : by--, for --, by the end of this week/ month/

year, by the time --.