7/23/2019 Tenologi Terowongan Hal 33-54

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Obert emphasized rightly that compared with the time that man has been

mining underground opening is relatively recent innovation. One reason for this

situation is that the problem of designing a mine or a tunnel is dierent from that

of designing a conventional structure such as a building or a bridge.

In a conventional engineering design, the external loads to be applied are rst

determined and a material is then prescribed with the appropriate strength and

deformation characteristics, following which the structural geometry is selected,

in rock mechanics the designer deals with the complex rock masses and spesic

material properties