t4. bab7-cahaya warna dan penglihatan -bm

8/16/2019 t4. Bab7-Cahaya Warna Dan Penglihatan -Bm

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CAHAYA , WARNADAN PENGLIHATAN

HJ.CHE AHAMAD BIN DAUDGuru Cemerlang Sains

Kolej Vokasional Kulim


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Formation of image

1.Images formed by a plane mirror are:a) upright which is the same position as the

actual object.

b) equal in size to the actual objectc) virtual in which image cannot be

displayed on a screen.

d) laterally inversed which makes leftappears as right and vice versa.


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A. PEMBENTUKAN IMEJ

ifat imej cermin satah ialah songsang sisi! sama

saiz dan jarak objek"cermin sama dengan jarak

imej"cermin! maya. #iri imej kanta cembung ialah

nyata! iaitu imej boleh dipaparkan pada skrin.

$anta cekung pula membentuk imej yang maya!

iaitu imej yang tidak boleh dipaparkan pada skrin.

$ita boleh melukis sinar cahaya yang memasuki

sesuatu kanta. $omponen utama rajah sinar yang

melalui kanta ialah :"


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Komponen utama raja !inar "angme#a#ui $anta ia#a %&

pusat optik " titik ditengah"tengah kanta. paksi utama " garis mendatar yang melaui

pusat optik. %itik fokus " titik dimana sinar ditumpukan. %itik &f " titik yang panjangnya & ' ganda

jarak fokus. Imej " imej yang terbentuk.


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(ika kita diberi satu kanta! bagaimanakah

kita boleh menentukan jarak fokusfocul

point) kanta itu *.


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+1+&+&

+1

(arak imej

(arak objek

,-,$, #I/I I0(2.

#/I%,$,3

45($

I0(


7/41

+1+&+&

+1

(arak imej

(arak objek

,-,$, #I/I I0(2.

#/I%,$,3

45($

I0(


8/41

+1+&+&

+1

(arak imej

(arak objek

,-,$, #I/I I0(2.

#/I%,$,3

45($

I0(


9/41

+1+&+&

+1

(arak imej

(arak objek

,-,$, #I/I I0(2.

#/I%,$,3

45($


10/41

+1+&+&

+1

(arak imej

(arak objek

45($ I0(


11/41


12/41


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ALATOPTIK

PRINSIP OPERASI SIFAT IMEJ

Periskop

sinar dipantulkan pada 2cermin sta !an" selari#

$ermin diletakkan padasudut %& dar'a dalamkotak

Ma!a( te"ak( sama

sai) den"an o*'ek

KantaPem*esar

o*'ek diletakkan kuran"dari '+,

ma!a te"ak( le*i*esar dari o*'ek

Kamerakanta cem*un"menumpukan sinar dariime' 'au ke -lem

n!ata son"san"dan mene"cil

Mikroskop

tediri dari 2 kanta . kantao*'ekti, dan kanta

mata#kanta o*'ekti,mem*entuk ime' n!ata(son"san" dan mem*esardiadapan kantamata#Kanta mata

mem*esarkan ime' kantao*'ekti, itu#

akirn!a ciri ime'iala /ma!a(son"san" danle*i *esar dario*'ek


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BAHAGIAN MATA FUNGSI

Gelemair("VITREOUSHUMOR") danGelemaa

mem!an# dalam $em%&'#an ime

K&rnea("*ORNEA+)

!a,a-ian l#inar di ,ada$an maa an-mem!enar'an inar ma#'

Iri mene!a!'an ana' maa ("PUPI/")mem!ear aa# men-eil 0 men-a1al ama#na,aa ma#' 'e dalam maa

O& Silia!&le, men-end#r0'ana maa meni$i!&le, men-e#0'ana maa mene!al

Kana Maa("/ENS")

mem%&'#'an inar a,aa an- ma#'

Reina!a,a-ian dimana ime er!en#'. Ia

men-and#n-i el &$i'


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Image! forme' (" a )on*e+ #en! an')on)a*e #en!


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Ra"! Diagram


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T"pe! of -pti)a# In!trument

1. -eriscope

&. magnifying glass

6. microscope 7. telescope

8. camera

7 8

6


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Peri!)ope

1. It is an optical device that enables anobserver to see over opaque objects

&. It consists with two mirror at each end set

at 78 to the direction to be viewed.6. %he image formed is virtual an in upright

position.

7. +or e9ample it is used in submarine.


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.agnif"ing g#a!!

1. It is used to form an image that is biggerthan the actual size of the object.

&. %he image form are upright! virtual image

of a small object.6. It is contain of one conve9 lens


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.i)ro!)ope

1. It is contain of two conve9 lens

i. objective lens at the object

ii. yepiece lens at the eye&. It is uses to magnify the smallers object

that cannot be seen using naked eye such

as microorganism.

6. %he image are real! inverted and magnified

image.


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Te#e!)ope

1. It is an instrument that can make distant objectappear nearer and larger.

&. It is consist of two conve9 lens: the objective lens

and the eyepiece lens.6. %he objective lens has a longer focal length while

the eyepiece lens has a shorter focal length.

7. %he image form are real! inverted and smallerimage at the focal point for objective lens.

8. ,t the eyepiece lens the image form are virtual!inverted and larger image at the infinity.


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Camera

1. , camera contains a conve9 lens that

forms a small! inverted! real image on the

film in the camera.&. It is consist of one conve9 lens.

6. %o focus the image the lens can be moved

backward or forward.


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Formation of image! in te e"e

1. %he lens of the eye is a conve9 lens in which itsfocal length can be adjusted

&. %he ability to change on the thickness of the lens

is called accommodition6. It is controlled by ciliary muscle

7. hen we focusing on nearby object the ciliarymuscle contract to make the lens becomes

thicker while focusing on distance object theciliary muscle rela9ed so the lens becomethinner.


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Ligt Di!per!ion%%It i! a pro)e!! /ere te /ite )o#our !p#it into !e*en )o#ourtat )a##e' !pe)trum 0 rain(o/1 %here are ; colour : red! orange! yellow! green!

blue! indigo and violet./4< = 5I>)

/ed light is a longer wave and violet is a shorter

wavelenght.

ach colour have different speed and different

wavelenght.


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Ligt 2)attering%It i! a pro)e!! /ere te ref#e)tion of #igt )au!e' (" te air

mo#e)u#e! or (" te parti)#e! in te atmo!pere 5lue light is shorter wave but the red light is a

longer wave.9ample of the

phenomena

resulting fromlight

scattering:

a) 5lue sky

b) /ed sky


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A''ition of )o#oure' #igt!

1. ,ddition of coloured lights is colour mi9ing

by adding lights of different colours.

&. %here are two types of light colour a) -rimary colour : red! blue and green

b) econdary colour: magenta! yellow and

cyan.


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,ddition of colour light

Primar !olour Se!on"ar !olour

=reen ? red yellow

=reen ? blue cyan

5lue ? red 0agenta

=reen ? /ed ? 5lue @ hite


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2u(!tra)tion of )o#oure' #igt

1. %he separation of color from a white lightthrough a color filter is called substraction ofcolor lights

&. , color filter is made of transparent plasticsheet or glass.

6. %here are two types of filter color

a) -rimary filter : red! green and blueb) secondary filter: magenta! yellow and cyan.


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7. %he secondary filter will only allow its

respective color as well as its original

primary color to pass through it.

8. %he primary filter will only allows its

respective color to pass through and will

absorb the other color.


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App#"ing te prin)ip#e of !u(!tra)tionof )o#oure' #igt!

1. e can see an object because the object reflect

light from the light source.

&. #oloured object are usually opaque.It is mean

when white light falls on them they will reflect

the colour which is similar to the objects.

6. %he other colour will be absorb and only the

reflected colour will enter our eyes.7. %his process is known as the principle of

substraction of coloured light by an object.


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8. %he appearance of coloured objects

depends on the colour of light that :

i. falls on it

ii. Is reflected

iii. is absorbed.

A. 4bjects with primary colour will only reflect

their own colours

;. 4bjects with secondary colour do not

reflect their own colour but also their

primary colour.


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-(je)t /it primar" )o#our

/ed lighthite

light

=reenlight

5lue

light

hitelight

hitelight


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Te fun)tion of ro' an' )one )e##! inte e"e

1. %here are two types of light sensitive cells in our

retina eye:

i. rod cell

ii. #one cell

&. /od cell are sensitive to dim light especially at night

and not sensitive to coloured objects.

6. #one cell are sensitive to bright light.7. It is consist of three types of cell and each types is

only sensitive to one primary colour.


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he effect of mixing

he effect of mixing

pigment

igment

1.1. -igment are coloured substances that can be-igment are coloured substances that can be

obtained from plants! dead insects! soil!obtained from plants! dead insects! soil!

chemical substances and so on.chemical substances and so on.

&.&. -igments are commonly used in colour-igments are commonly used in colour

photography and the mi9ing of paints.photography and the mi9ing of paints.

6.6. %here are three types of pigments:%here are three types of pigments:

a) from plantsa) from plantsb) natural pigmentb) natural pigment

c) synthetic pigment.c) synthetic pigment.


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Te u!e! of pigment

1. enna or inai is a pigment used to colour the

nails or hair.

&. %he pandan leaves is used to colour the cake

and enhances the aroma and add colour to the

cakes.

6. %he blue paints is from cobalt phosphate while

the red paint is from certain dead insects7. 4il is the basis in producing fluorescent

pigments.


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,dditionB 0i9ing of colour pigment ,dditionB 0i9ing of colour pigment

Primary colour pigmentPrimary colour pigment

Red , Blue and Yellow.Red , Blue and Yellow.

Secondary colour pigmentSecondary colour pigment::

Red + Yellow = GreenRed + Yellow = Green

Red + Blue = MagentaRed + Blue = Magenta

Yellow + Blue = CyanYellow + Blue = Cyan

Red + Blue + Yellow = BlackRed + Blue + Yellow = Black


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Te importan)e of )o#our in 'ai#" #ife

1. -rinting: yellow! cyan! magenta and black.&. lectrical wiring: red B brownC life

: green C earth

: blue " neutral6. %raffic light : red C stop

: green C go

: yellow B amber " prepair


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Te importan)e of )o#our to anima#!

1. ,ttract female animal such as peacock

&. ,s warning signs such as frog and snake.

6. #amouflage such as such as chameleonto protect themselves from their

predators. %his animal can able to change

their body colour according to theirsurrounding.


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Te importan)e of )o#our to p#ant!

1. %he chlorophyll pigment green) in plants

leaves enables them to make food.

&. %he bright and colouful petals attractinsects such as butterfly and enable in the

process of pollination.

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