PENDAHULUAN

SISTEM INFORMASI SUMBERDAYA LAHANPTT 102003

SudartoLaboratorium Pedologi dan Sistem Informasi Sumberdaya LahanJurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

Outline

1 • Pemahaman tentang SIG

2 • Data Geospasial

3 • Tipe Data Geografik

4 • Subsistem SIG

5 • Software

6 • Aplikasi SIG untuk pengelolaan SDL

What is GIS?

Sistem Informasi Sistem

Untuk menyatakan kelengkapan sesuatu yang kompleks, bahwa bagian yang ada merupakan bagian keseluruhan dalam bentuk sistem

Sistem Informasi Suatu jaringan perangkat keras dan lunak yang dapat menjalankan operasi-2

dimulai dari perencanaan dan pengumpulan data, penyimpanan dan analisis, termasuk penggunaan informasi dalam proses pengambilan keputusan

Sistem Informasi Geografik (SIG) Suatu sistem berbasis komputer untuk memasukkan, menyimpan, mengambil,

memanipulasi, menganalisis dan menampilkan data berreferensi geografis atau data geospasial sistem berbasis komputer mengacu pada hardware, software, and prosedur yang diperlukan

untuk menjalankan SIG Data Geografik merupakan data yang bervariasi diatas muka bumi memasukkan, menyimpan, mengambil, memanipulasi, menganalisis dan menampilkan data

adalah “tools” yanga dimilik software GIS untuk memproses data geografik

Sistem Informasi Sumberdaya Lahan sistem informasi yang digunakan untuk memasukkan, menyimpan,

mengambil, memanipulasi, menganalisis dan menampilkan data berreferensi geografis atau data geospasial, untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan untuk perencanaan dan pengelolaan penggunaan lahan, sumber daya alam, lingkungan, transportasi, perkotaan fasilitas, dan catatan administratif lainnya.

What is GIS?GIS = Geographic Information System Links databases and maps Manages information about places Helps answer questions such as: Where is it? What else is nearby? Where is the highest concentration of ‘X’? Where can I find things with characteristic ‘Y’? Where is the closest ‘Z’ to my location?

Required Function of GIS

Simple Definition of GIS Computer system for capturing storing querying analyzing and displaying geospatial

(geographically referenced) data.

Aplikasi SIG

Over 7,000 universities worldwide teach GIS GIS used in multiple disciplines:

Agriculture ArchaeologyArchitecture/LanscapeArch. BusinessComputer Science Environmental Science Engineering GeographyGeology MeteorologyJournalism Law EnforcementMilitary Science ManagementNatural Resource OceanographyPublic Health HistorySociology Urban/Regional Planning

GIS in Education

Agriculture

Farm management Pest/Disease tracking Crop monitoring Yield prediction Soil analysis

Natural Resource Management

Forestry Ecology Mining Petroleum Water Resources

Planning andEconomic Development

Land Use/Zoning Emergency Preparedness Population Forecast Market Analysis Property Tax Assessment Transportation

GIS: A Framework for Understanding and Managing Our Earth

Holistic

Comprehensive

Systematic

Analytic

Visual

CreatingMeasuringOrganizingAnalyzingModeling

ApplyingPlanningManagingActing

Geographic Knowledge

GIS enhances education because it is: Multi-disciplinary A real-world technology using real data Involves authentic tasks / assessments Promotes holistic / systematic approach Engages multiple ways of learning Encourages community connections Used at scales from local to global

Geography matters

Today’s challenges require geographic approach Climate Change Urban Growth Sustainable Agriculture Water Quality and Availability International and National Security Energy Epidemiology/Disease Tracking Natural Hazards: Seismicity, Weather Events

GIS as infrastructure

Virtual GlobesArcGIS ExplorerGoogle EarthVirtual Earth

Desktop GISArcInfoArcEditorArcViewArcReader

Server GISArcGIS ServerPortal Toolkit

Mobile GISPC, PDAPhone

Network

DBMSFiles XMLGeodatabases

We Live in Two Worlds

Self-Regulating Managed

Natural World Constructed World

. . . These Are Increasingly In Conflict

Watersheds Communities Neighborhoods Districts

Context and Content

Patterns Linkages Trends

Seeing the Whole Managing Places

Geospatial (Spatial) data are data describeboth locations and characteristics of spatialfeatures.

Data Geospasial

Can be classified into:1. Graphic data (or called geometric data) and

has three elements ; point (or called node), line (orcalled arc) and area (or called polygon) in eithervector or raster form which represent a geometry oftopology, size, shape, position and orientation.(Spatial coordinates)

2. Attributes (or called thematic data) are called sometimes thematic data or non-spatial

data. Attributes refer to a defined characteristic of an entity in the real world. Attributes include nominal, ordinal, numerical, conditional and other characteristics. (Tabular data)

Grafik vs atribut

GrafikAtribut

PENAMPILAN DATA GEOGRAFIK

SPATIAL FEATURESVectors: points-lines-polygonsRastersAttributes

SPATIAL REPRESENTATIONMapsCoordinate systemsProjectionsScale

SPATIAL TOPOLOGYlines-nodes-segments

Spatial RepresentationMaps USGS

Coordinate systems Dana

Projections Dana

The “Dana” websites linked on this slide were developed by Peter H. Dana, Department of Geography, University of Texas at Austin, 1995. These materials may be used for study, research, and education in not-for-profit applications. If you link to orcite these materials, please credit the author, Peter H. Dana, The Geographer's Craft Project, Department of Geography, The University of Colorado at Boulder. These materials may not be copied to or issued from another Web server without the author's express permission. Copyright © 1999 Peter H. Dana. All commercial rights are reserved.

Think of map scale the following way.If you have an 8.5’’ x 11” paper map…

Larger scale: (e.g. 1:50,000 or 1” = 0.789 miles)Shows less area and more detail

MAP SCALE

1:50,000 scale map of Harrisburg

Smaller scale: (e.g. 1:500,000 or 1” = 7.89 miles)Shows more area and less detail

Think of map scale the following way.If you have an 8.5’’ x 11” paper map…

Larger scale: (e.g. 1:50,000 or 1” = 0.789 miles)Shows less area and more detail

MAP SCALE

1:500,000 scale map of Harrisburg

Smaller scale: (e.g. 1:500,000 or 1” = 7.89 miles)Shows more area and less detail

Think of map scale the following way.If you have an 8.5’’ x 11” paper map…

Larger scale: (e.g. 1:50,000 or 1” = 0.789 miles)Shows less area and more detail

MAP SCALE

Sistem Koordinat

2. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)

1. Berdasarkan pada proyeksi Transverse Mercator

2. 60 zones (setiap lebar 6° di ekuator)

3. Arah timur palsu 4. Y-0 pada kutub selatan atau

ekuator

Proyeksi

Silinder sebagai permukaan yang bisa dikembangkan

tangent cylinders

Defines how spatial features arerepresented in a GIS:• Vector • • Raster

Spatial Feature /Geograhic Data Model

Two fundamental types of data Vector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons

Raster Grid and cells For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces

A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!

Raster

Vector

Real World

Data Representation

SPATIAL FEATURES Vectors (points-lines-polygons)Rasters

Attributes:Feature Feature class Attribute Point Water wells Depth to waterLine State roads Traffic volumePolygon Counties Total population

“Layer” dalam SIG

SPATIAL TOPOLOGY: lines-nodes-segments

1

3

2

4

5

AB

C

D

E

Spatial Topology

SPATIAL TOPOLOGY: lines-nodes-segments

1

3

2

4

5

AB

C

D

E

SPATIAL TOPOLOGY: lines-nodes-segments

1

3

2

4

5

AB

C

D

E

Seg “A”

SUBSISTEM DALAM SIG

Database management

system

Data analysis system

Data output system

Data input system

Data input system: collects spatial data from existing sources, such as maps,

remote sensing data, GPS, and text data. Database management system: organizes spatial data and allows for quick retrieval and

updates (i.e., editing). Data analysis system: analyzes, manipulates, and models spatial data. Data output system: displays spatial data in graphic (i.e., map) or tabular

form.

Software ArcGIS, ArcView Mapinfo Autodesk Map MGE, GeoMedia SuperGIS GRASS Others (Manifold System, IDRISI , ILWIS) ArcIMS (web GIS) MapGuide (web GIS)

SIG di Indonesia Dimulai dengan teknologi penginderaan jauh Lembaga yang mengembangkan sejak awal LAPAN (Lembaga Antariksa Penerbangan Nasional) sebagai

penyedia data penginderaan jauh seperti Landsat-TM dan MSS, SPOT, Aster, Ikonos, Quickbird

BAKOSURTANAL (Badan Koordinasi Survei dan PemetaanNasional) sebagai penyedia data dijital dan non-dijital serta mengkoordinasi kegiatan pemetaan nasional.

PT yang terlibat sejak awal (1980-an): ITB. IPB, UGM DAN UI.

Saat ini hampir semua lembaga telah menggunakan, khususnya peneliti dan pemerintah daerah

KOMPONEN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI

Hardware

KOMPUTER:CPU + CD-ROM

MonitorKeyboard

Digitizer

Scanner

Printer

Plotter

Jaringan

KOMPONEN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI

Software

Database Database GeografikGeografik

TransformasiTransformasi

Input dataInput data

Display & Display & PelaporanPelaporan

Interface Interface PenggunaPengguna

Latar Belakang Penduduk meningkat: Kebutuhan SDA meningkat Tekanan terhadap SDA yang ada’ Perlu pengelolaan SDA secara bijaksana perlu berbagai peta

(tematik) agar kelestariannya tetap terjaga Kemajuan Teknologi (Informasi): Penginderaan Jauh pada era 70-80 an Sistem Informasi Geografi

Otonomi Daerah Peningkatan PAD Inventarisasi SDA dan Tekanan terhadap SDA Kelestarian SDA

Arah Perkembangan SIG di Masa Datang

Otonomi DaerahDaerah berlomba-lomba identifikasi potensi sumberdaya

alam yang ada di wilayahnya Penyebaran spasial memerlukan SIG Setiap Pemprov, Pemkab, Pemkot, Lembaga Penelitian,

Konsultan, dll.

Perbankan dan Perdagangan juga seringkalimemerlukan SIG

Kesempatan terbuka bagi Anda …….!!! Siapa berani …??!!!

TUGASKoleksi istilah-istilah yang banyak dipakai dalam Sistem Informasi Geografi dan berikan definisnya, misalnya:1. Peta2. Kartografi3. Sistem Koordinat4. Sistem Proyeksi5. Data Vektor6. Data Raster, dllCatatan:Tugas hanya diupload pada blog masing-masing mahasiswa (Blog UB)