TUGASTEKNOLOGI RESERVOIR DAN PEMROSESAN HIDROKARBON

SeparatorSecara mekanis memisahkan komponen cair dan gas dari aliran hidrokarbon dan tekanan tertentu. Separator diklasifikasikan menjadi 2:

Separator 2 fase Memisahkan hidrokarbon menjadi 2 fase yaitu Fase Cair (minyak dan air) dan Fase Gas

Separator 3 fase Memisahkan hidrokarbon menjadi 3 fase yaitu Fase Minyak , Fase Air dan Fase Gas

Faktor Mempengaruhi PemisahanRata-rata kecepatan aliran gas dan cairan Pengoperasian dan desain tekanan dan suhuSifat fisik dari fluida, seperti berat jenis dan compresibilitas Menentukan derajat pemisahanAdanya zat-zat penganggu (parafin, pasir, kerak, dll) Kecenderungan adanya busa pada minyak mentah Kecenderungan terjadinya korosi akibat cairan dan gas

Separator Horizontal

Separator Vertikal

Perancangan Separator HorizontalKapasitas Gasd= Diameter dalam vessel (in)Leff= Panjang efektif dari separator yang diinginkan (ft)T = Temperatur operasi (oR)Qg = Kecepatan alir gas (MMscfd)P = Tekanan operasi (psia)Z = Kompresibilitas gasCD = Coefisien dragdm = Diameter drop cairan yang dipisahkan oleh gas (mikron)g = Massa jenis gas (lb/ft3)t = Massa jenis cairan (lb/ft3)

Dengan mengasumsikan bahwa satu setengah isi vessel adalah cairan, maka diperoleh kecepatan gas (Vg), A dalam ft2, D dalam ft, d dalam inchi, Q dalam ft3/s.Qg dalam MMscfd

Retention time gas sama dengan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk jatuhnya drop dari medium gas ke batas antar muka gas-cairan (interface)Dengan mengingat bahwa Perencanaa tg = td

Kapasitas Cairant dalam second (s), Vol dalam ft3, Q dalam ft3/sQt dalam bpd

Jarak dari ujung ke ujunguntuk kapasitas gasuntuk kapasitas cairan

Perancangan Separator VertikalKapasitas GasAgar droplet jatuh maka kecepatan gas harus lebih kecil dari pada kecepatan terminal droplet. Ingat bahwa kecepatan termal adalah Vt,Tentukan kecepatan gas Vg, A dalam ft2, D dalam feet, d dalam inchi, Q dalam ft3/s

Qg dalam MMscfd

Kapasitas Cairant dalam second (s), Volume dalam ft3, Q dalam ft3/s, h dalam inchiQt dalam bpd

Jarak antar ujung-ujung

P800psiaT100F560ReinkinSG0,63Z0,88(dapat dari grafik)dm150micronKebutuhanpl49,77985761lb/ft3pg2,748329667lb/ft4m0,015(dapat dari grafik)Qg2,122707071MMscfd

CdVtRe0,34001,0340139,2445ASUMSI AWAL Cd = 0.340,76660,688692,73330,91030,631985,09730,94720,619583,42340,95610,616683,03390,95830,615982,94210,95880,615782,92040,95890,615782,91520,95890,615782,91400,95890,615782,91370,95890,615782,91370,95890,615782,9136

Gas Capasity Constraintd^231,84396222Leff3feetd5,643045474Kebutuhan

Separator Horizontal

Qg2,122707MMscfdpg2,74833S0,627026pl49,77986Ql2545,67bopdSG45,87APIP800PsiaT560Reinkin

Cd0,959tr2KebutuhanZ0,88dm150micron

d Leff10,61465gas10,61465d2 Leff7273,354liquidairSlenderness ratiodLeff (g)Leff (l)Lss12*Lss/d200,53118,18324,24514,547250,42511,63715,5167,448300,3548,08210,7754,310350,3035,9377,9172,714400,2654,5466,0611,818450,2363,5924,7891,277500,2122,9093,8790,931550,1932,4043,2060,699600,1772,0202,6940,539650,1631,7222,2950,424700,1521,4841,9790,339

Chart2

2020

2525

3030

3535

4040

4545

5050

5555

6060

6565

7070

d leff

d2 Leff

Chart1

00.250.50.7511.25

000000

00.222.17944947180.1424075080.10527702340.0835045460.0691943690.05907131560.1609286844

00.0960.0360.02250.01636363640.01285714290.01058823530.0794117647

063.353.533.786666666723.036363636417.47586206914.077777777811.786046511651.5639534884

04.211.253.20761904762.59076923082.17290322581.87111111111.64292682932.5670731707

02.090.4011.89956827991.74094127451.60676532771.49179157741.3921731890.697826811

00.680.2150.64531435350.61399548530.58557588810.55967078190.53596059110.1440394089

01.080.2251.02248520710.97078651690.92406417110.88163265310.84292682930.2370731707

00.470.0950.45909645910.44868735080.438739790.42922374430.42011173180.0498882682

00.380.850.31340206190.26666666670.23206106870.20540540540.18424242420.1957575758

01.360.03751.34736842111.33496932521.32279635261.31084337351.29910447760.0608955224

026.070.003226.049160671526.028354632626.007581803725.986842105325.96613545820.1038645418

068.909088676357.159311142550.866217878946.896350041644.13928759355.860712407

100

-13.8636391547-14.2610332863-10.98411871193.10364995840.3051568514

Component

Mole Fraction Percent

L

80,00

66,67

57,14

50,00

44,44

Vn

flashing

ComponentMole Fraction PercentL80.0066.6757.1450.0044.44Vn

V/L0.250.50.7511.25

KnLnLnLnLnlnkoordinat grafik45 derajat

C020.222.1790.140.110.080.070.060.16xyxy

N20.096.0000.040.020.020.010.010.0868.9180.0000

Methane63.353.50033.7923.0417.4814.0811.7951.5657.1666.673030

Ethane4.211.2503.212.592.171.871.642.5750.8757.146060

Propane2.090.4011.901.741.611.491.390.706060

I-Butane0.680.2150.650.610.590.560.540.148080

N-Butane1.080.2251.020.970.920.880.840.249090

I-Pentane0.470.0950.460.450.440.430.420.056060

N-Pentane0.380.8500.310.270.230.210.180.207070

Hexane1.360.0381.351.331.321.311.300.06

Heptane+26.070.003226.0526.0326.0125.9925.970.10

JUMLAH68.9157.1650.8746.9044.1455.86

100.00

-13.86-14.26-10.983.100.31

ComponentMWnVnVn *MWn

C0244.010.167.08

N228.010.082.22

Methane16.0451.56827.09

Ethane30.072.5777.19

Propane44.100.7030.77

I-Butane58.120.148.37

N-Butane58.120.2413.78

I-Pentane72.150.053.60

N-Pentane72.150.2014.12

Hexane86.180.065.25

Heptane+253.000.1026.28

Jumlah55.861015.76

Molecular Weight of Gas

MW18.1837633946

S0.627026324

Gas flowrate

F10000mol/dayasumsi F=10000

V5586.0712406954mol/day

Q2.1227070715MMscfd

ComponentMWnLnLn * MWnSGnLn*MWn/SGn

C0244.010.062.600.833.13

N228.010.010.300.810.37

Methane16.0411.79189.050.30630.16

Ethane30.071.6449.400.36137.23

Propane44.11.3961.390.51120.38

I-Butane58.120.5431.150.5655.63

N-Butane58.120.8448.990.5884.47

I-Pentane72.150.4230.310.6248.89

N-Pentane72.150.1813.290.6321.10

Hexane86.181.30111.960.66169.63

Heptane+25325.976569.430.867638.87

Jumlah44.147107.888909.86

Liquid Molecular Weight

MW161.03

Specific Grafity of liquid

S.G.0.80

API45.87

Liquid Flow rate

L4413.93mol/day

Q12545.67bpd

Ema S:=(Mole Methana+Mole ethana)/2

Ema S:Pembacaan grafik Kn methana,dll pd P=1000 psia

flashing

Calculate, L

Assumed, L

Cd,Vt

P800psia

T100F560Reinkin

SG0.63

Z0.88(dapat dari grafik)

dm150micronKebutuhan

pl49.779857609lb/ft3

pg2.7483296667lb/ft4

m0.015(dapat dari grafik)

Qg2.1227070715MMscfd

CdVtRe

0.34001.0340139.2445ASUMSI AWAL Cd = 0.34

0.76660.688692.7333

0.91030.631985.0973

0.94720.619583.4234

0.95610.616683.0339

0.95830.615982.9421

0.95880.615782.9204

0.95890.615782.9152

0.95890.615782.9140

0.95890.615782.9137

0.95890.615782.9137

0.95890.615782.9136

Gas Capasity Constraint

d^231.8439622241Leff3feet

d5.6430454742Kebutuhan

Ema S:Grafik hal.70 (3--12)

Ema S:grafik 3.2 hal.61 karena MW= 17.89----mendekati MW di grafik 3.2 17.40

separator horisontal

Qg2.1227070715MMscfdpg2.7483296667

S0.627026324pl49.779857609

Ql2545.67bopd

SG45.87API

P800Psia

T560Reinkin

Cd0.959tr2Kebutuhan

Z0.88

dm150micron

d Leff10.6146540747gas10.6146540747

d2 Leff7273.353796873liquid

airSlenderness ratio

dLeff (g)Leff (l)Lss12*Lss/d

200.53118.18324.24514.547

250.42511.63715.5167.448

300.3548.08210.7754.310

350.3035.9377.9172.714

400.2654.5466.0611.818

450.2363.5924.7891.277

500.2122.9093.8790.931

550.1932.4043.2060.699

600.1772.0202.6940.539

650.1631.7222.2950.424

700.1521.4841.9790.339

separator horisontal

d leff

d2 Leff

separator vertikal

Qg2.1227070715MMscfdpg2.7483296667

S0.627026324pl49.779857609

Ql2545.67bopd

SG45.87API

P800Psia

T560Reinkin

tr1

Cd0.959tr2

Z0.88tr3(tr yang dipakai)

dm150micron

d5.6430454742inchi

d^231.84inchi

Liquid Capasity Constrain1 feet=12 inchi

d^2*h=tr*Ql1 inchi=1/12 feet

0.121 feet=30.5 cm

1 cm=2.5 inchi

h1998.553inch

Tabel 4-1

trdhhLss(12)Ls/d

minininftft

320159.10513.2597.4384.463

25101.8278.4867.0403.379

3070.7135.8936.8242.730

3551.9534.3296.6942.295

4039.7763.3156.6101.983

4531.4282.6196.5521.747

5025.4572.1216.5101.562

220106.0708.8397.0704.242

2567.8855.6576.8053.266

3047.1423.9296.6612.664

3534.6352.8866.5742.254

4026.5172.2106.5171.955

4520.9521.7466.4791.728

12053.0354.4206.7024.021

2533.9422.8296.5693.153

3023.5711.9646.4972.599

3517.3181.4436.4542.213

4013.2591.1056.4251.928

Karena tr yang dipakai adalah 3 menit maka d = 40 in, h = 26.52 in, Lss = 6.517 ft

d40inch

h26.5174357178inch

lss6.5174821925feet

SV 3 fase

Qo=6000bopd

Qw=3500bwpd

Qg=2.12MMscfd

Po=1000psia

To=80F

Oil=45.87API

(S.G)w=1.07

Sg=0.6

(tr)o=(tr)w=10min

Oil Viscosity=10cp

SOLUSI

1(S.G)o0.798

Delta S.G0.272

2d min5.6430454742in

3d^2 min5897.610091437

d min76.80in

4Liquid Retention Constrain96.8210190158

ho+hw=134.2494.529478458

5Compute combination of d, and ho+hw for diameters greater than d min

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72152.7122.063.68

7551.8813.912.23

7813.7310.981.69

8113.7211.231.66

841.4910.461.49

6Compute Lss (table 5)

7Compute slenderness ratio, choice 1.5-3

8Various retention time

a>>tr=5minutes

ho + hw=67.12

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

7276.3612.362.06

7525.948.411.35

786.867.071.09

816.867.321.08

840.747.061.01

b>>tr=7minutes

ho + hw=93.9646158486

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72106.9014.912.48

7536.329.281.48

789.617.301.12

819.607.551.12

841.047.091.01

c>>tr=9minutes

ho + hw=120.8116489482

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72137.4417.452.91

7546.6910.141.62

7812.357.531.16

8112.357.781.15

841.347.111.02

d>>tr=15minutes

ho + hw=201.352748247

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72229.0725.094.18

7577.8212.742.04

7820.598.221.26

8120.588.461.25

842.237.191.03

e>>tr=20minutes

ho + hw=268.470330996

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72305.4331.455.24

75103.7714.902.38

7827.458.791.35

8127.439.041.34

842.977.251.04

f>>tr=25minutes

ho + hw=335.587913745

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72381.7837.826.30

75129.7117.062.73

7834.329.361.44

8134.299.611.42

843.727.311.04

g>>tr=30minutes

ho + hw=402.705496494

dho+hwLss(12)Lss/d

ininft

72458.1444.187.36

75155.6519.223.08

7841.189.931.53

8141.1510.181.51

844.467.371.05

9dari iterasi tahap no.8 maka didapat ukuran yang sesuai yaitu = 84 in x 10.47ft-1.64 in, 72 in x 12.36ft-76.36 in, 75 in x 12.74 ft-77.84 in

Ema S:choice 1.5--3

Ema S:choice 1.5--3

Ema S:1.5--3

Ema S:1.5--3

SH3 fase,coba

Qo=6000bopd

Qw=3500bwpd

Qg=2.12MMscfd

Po=1000psia

To=80F540Reinkin

Oil=45.87API

(S.G)w=1.07

Sg=0.6

(tr)o=(tr)w=10min

Oil Viscosity=10cp

SOLUSI

1834.56

1(S.G)o=0.800.0060525396

2Check gas separation11.1037470924

d Leff=4.48

Tabel 5-2

Horisontal 3 -phase separator

diameter vs Length for gas capasity restraint

dLeff

Leff61.24/din.ft

500.09

620.07

720.06

840.05

960.05

3calculate combinations of d and Leff

4Calculate max. oil pad thickness

(ho)max.=87.119

Ema S:mendekati d Leff

SH 3 fase, OK

Qo=6000bopd1 feet=0.3048 m=30.48 cm=12 inchi

Qw=3500bwpd1 inchi=2.54 cm=0.0833 ft

Qg=2.12MMscfd

Po=1000psia

To=80F540Reinkin

Oil=45.87API

(S.G)w=1.07

Sg=0.6

(tr)o=(tr)w=10min

Oil Viscosity=10cp

SOLUSI

1(tr)o=(tr)w=10min

2Calculate ho max (use 500 microns)

ho (max)=87.119

3Calculate Aw/A

Aw/A=0.184

4Determine ho/d from curve

ho/d=0.252

5Calculate d max

d max=345.709in

6Calculate combination of d, L eff for d less than d max that satisfy the gas capasity constrain. Use 140 micron (dm)

d Leff=10.595

7Calculate combinations of d, L eff for d less than d max that satisfy the oil and water retention time constrain

d^2 L eff=134900

d Leff=367.287

8Estimate seam to seam length

Lss=Leff + d/12for gas capasity

Lss=4/3 Lefffor liquid capasity

9Horizontal 3 phase separator capasity

Diameter vs. Length for Liquid RetentionTime Constraint

dLeffLss (gas)12 * (Lss/d)Lss (Liquid)

inftftft

2018.36420.03112.01924.486

3510.49413.4114.59813.992

507.34611.5122.7639.794

655.65111.0672.0437.534

804.59111.2581.6896.121

953.86611.7831.4885.155

1103.33912.5061.3644.452

1252.93813.3551.2823.918

10Possible choice from figure (grafik) di atas35 in x 10.494 ft--13.411 in

3510.49413.411

Ema S:from curve 5-8,hal.149

Ema S:Choice 3--5

SH 3 fase, OK

Diameter

Lss gas (ft)

Horiz Treater

Lss liquid (ft)

Vertical Treater

Oil gravity45.87API0.80S.G

Oil Flow rate6000bpd

Inlet oil temperature80F=540Reinkin

water S.G1.07

Inlet BS & W0.110%

Outlet BS & W0.011%

SOLUSI

1Settling EquationInvestigate treating at 80 F, 100 F, 130 F

Treating Temperature80 F100 F130 F

delta S.G.0.270.270.27

m40159

dm503394346

d Leff1526.1178754746932.744879303725.6953995297

2Retention Time EquationPlot computations of d and L eff with retention times less than 20 minutes

d^2 Leff=114285.714285714

3Heat Requiredassume 10% and SG water = 1.07

q=47892.1981607601xDT=0untuk T = 80 F

q=0btu/h

q=0MMbtu/h

q=47892.1981607601xDT=20untuk T = 100 F

q=957843.963215203btu/h

q=0.957844MMbtu/h

q=47892.1981607601xDT=30untuk T = 130 F

q=1436765.9448228btu/h

q=1.436766MMbtu/h

4SelectionChoose any combination of d and L eff that is not in the shaded area. Read corresponding treating temperature.

Treating TemperaturedL effHeat Required,

FinftMMBtu/h

80 F1109.4450

10011.429

9014.109

100 F9014.1090.957844

8017.857

130 F9014.1091.436766

8017.857

Ukuran yang sesuai

Produce Water

Oil gravity45.87API0.80S.G

Oil Flow rate6000bpd

Inlet oil temperature80F=540Reinkin

water S.G1.07

Inlet BS & W0.110%

Outlet BS & W0.011%

SOLUSI

1Settling EquationInvestigate treating at 80 F, 100 F, 130 F

Treating Temperature80 F100 F130 F

delta S.G.0.270.270.27

m753.3

dm503394346

d Leff250884.196937718228779.461674532171941.650907068

2Retention Time EquationPlot computations of d and L eff with retention times less than 20 minutes

d^2 L eff=1000000

3Heat Requiredassume 10% and SG water = 1.07

q=44898.9357757126DT=0untuk T = 80 F

q=0btu/h

q=0MMbtu/h

q=44898.9357757126xDT=20untuk T = 100 F

q=897978.715514253btu/h

q=0.897979MMbtu/h

q=44898.9357757126xDT=30untuk T = 130 F

q=1346968.07327138btu/h

q=1.346968MMbtu/h

4SelectionChoose any combination of d and L eff that is not in the shaded area. Read corresponding treating temperature.

Treating TemperaturedL effHeat Required,

FinftMMBtu/h

80 F11082.6450

100100.000

90123.457

100 F90123.4570.897979

80156.250

130 F90123.4571.346968

80156.250

GivenOil gravity45.87API0.80S.G

Water Flow rate (Qw)3500bwpd

Deck Size is2300ft^2

50mg/l discharge criteria

Water gravity-feeds to system

SOLUSI

1Assume 8 mg/l solube oil, and oil concentration in produced water is 1200 mg/l

2Effluent quality required 50 mg/l. assume 8 mg/l dissolved oil. Therefore, effluent quality required is 45 mg/l

3Assume maximum diameter of oil particle (d max) = 500 microns

4Using figure 7-19, the size of oil droplet that must be removed to reduce the oil concentration from 1200 mg/l to 45 mg/l is

dm/500=45/1200

dm=18.75microns

5

6

7Using Figure 7-19, the size of oil droplet that must be removed to reduce the oil concentration from 1200 mg/l to 420 mg/l is

dm/500=420/1200

dm=175microns

8

9Skim vessel design. Pressure vessel needed for process consideration (e.g., fluid flow, gas flowby)

a>>Assume horizontal pressure vessel

Settlig EquationDelta S.G = Delta S.G SV 3 = 0.326,m w1 (asumsi)

d Leff419.789

Assume various diameter (d) and solve for L eff

dL effActual Length

inftft

3013.993018.6573

459.328612.4382

606.99659.3286

755.59727.4629

904.66436.2191

Retention time Equation

assume retention time of 10 minutes

d^2 L eff=49000

dL effActual Length

inftft

3054.444472.593

4524.197532.263

6013.611118.148

758.711111.615

906.04948.066

b>> assume vertical Pressure Vessel

Settling EquationF = 1, Qw= 3500, mw = 1, dm= 175, Delta S.G = 0.326

d^2=2345.6617002629

d=48.432

Retention time Equationtr(w) = 1, Qw = 3500

H0.7*tr(w)*Qw/d^2

24500

dHSeam to Seam Height

inftft

509.800013.067

558.099210.799

606.80569.074

655.79887.732

705.00006.667

Dipilih ukuran untuk vertical Vessel 70 in x 5 ft

10Investigate SP Packs in tanks as an option. Calculate overall efficiency required

E= Ci-C0/CiCi = inlet concentr. 1200 mg/l, Co= outlet concentr. = 1200 mg/l

E = 1200-45/1200=0.9625

assume 5-ft diameter Vertical tanks :F = 1, Qw =3500, mw =1, Deta S.G = 0.326, d = 175 microns

dm^2=2345.6617002629

dm=48.432

Assume SP Packs grows 1200 micron drop

E = 1-(dm/1200)0.960

One acceptable choice is two 5-ft diameter SP tanks in series

Et =1- (1-E)^2=0.999

11Check for alternate selection of CPIQw = 3500 bwpd, mw=1, delta S.G = 0.326, dm =175 microns

Number of Packs=0.02699

Qw < 20000, use 1 pack CPI

12----------

13Sump design : Sump is to be designed to handle the maximum of either rain water or washdown hose rate

a>> Rain water rate

assume Rw = rainfall rate, 3 in/hr

AD = Deck area = 2300 ft^2

Qw = 0.356 AD*Rw

Qw=2456.4BWPD

b>> Washdown Rate

Assume N = 3

Qwd = 1500*N

Qwd=4500BWPD

c>>Assume Horizontal rectanguler cross-section sump

Settling Equation

W L eff=31.551ft

W Leff=Width, ft

L eff=effective Length in wihich separation occurs, ft

H=Height of tank, which is 1.5 times higher than water level within tank, or 0.75 W

Tank WidthTank L effSeam to Seam HeightHeight

inftLength (1.2 L eff)ft

56.31038.2033.75

65.25856.8364.5

74.50735.8605.25

83.94395.1276

93.50574.5576.75

A horizontal tank 9 ft x 5 ft x 7 ft would satisfy all design parameter

14Recovered Oil Tank :

Assume a Cilindrycal tank with a retention time of 15 minutes and a process flow of 10% of the design water flow for flotation cells

and a process flow of 5 % of the design meter flow for skim vessel

Qw=525BPD

H = 0.7*(tr)*(Qw)/d^2=0.7*15*345/d^2362.25

=362.25/d^2

Assume various diameters (d) and solve for liquid heights (H), Lss is to equal L eff + 3 ft

Vessel DiameterEffective LengthSeam to Seam Height

inftft

103.6236.623

151.6104.610

200.9063.906

250.5803.580

300.4033.403

350.2963.296

A vertical vessel 15 x 2 ft would satisfy all design parameters

Ema S:design OK

Separator Vertikal

Qg2,122707071MMscfdpg2,74833S0,627026324pl49,77986Ql2545,67bopdSG45,87APIP800PsiaT560Reinkintr1Cd0,959tr2Z0,88tr3dm150micron(tr yang dipakai)

d5,643045474inchid^231,84inchi

h1998,553inch

trdhhLss(12)Ls/dminininftft320159,10513,2597,4384,46325101,8278,4867,0403,3793070,7135,8936,8242,7303551,9534,3296,6942,2954039,7763,3156,6101,9834531,4282,6196,5521,7475025,4572,1216,5101,562220106,0708,8397,0704,2422567,8855,6576,8053,2663047,1423,9296,6612,6643534,6352,8866,5742,2544026,5172,2106,5171,9554520,9521,7466,4791,728

12053,0354,4206,7024,0212533,9422,8296,5693,1533023,5711,9646,4972,5993517,3181,4436,4542,2134013,2591,1056,4251,928

Karena tr yang dipakai adalah 3 menit maka d = 40 in, h = 26.52 in, Lss = 6.517 ft