xvii

PEMBUATAN KULIT SINTETIS DENGAN FILLER TIMBAL (II)

KLORIDA (PbCl2) SEBAGAI MATERIAL APRON PROTEKSI RADIASI

DI UNIT RADIOLOGI

oleh

Faiz Asyifaa Mohtar

10/301041/TK/36774

Diajukan kepada Jurusan Teknik Fisika Fakultas Teknik

Universitas Gadjah Mada pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2014

untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan untuk memperoleh derajat

sarjana S-1 Program Studi Teknik Nuklir

INTISARI

Dalam keorganisasian sebuah rumah sakit, terdapat suatu Unit Radiologi

yang menangani kegiatan radiodiagnostik, radioterapi, dan kedokteran nuklir..

Para pekerja rumah sakit yang bekerja dengan radiasi tentu beresiko menerima

jumlah paparan radiasi yang lebih tinggi daripada pasiennya sendiri. Sesuai

dengan prinsip ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), diperlukan apron

proteksi radiasi yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap radiasi. Apron sekarang yang

terbuat dari pelat timbal memiliki banyak kekurangan seperti berat, kaku dan

mudah bengkok sehingga membuat penggunanya tidak nyaman. Oleh karena itu,

dilakukan penelitian memanfaatkan material kulit sintetis dengan filler timbal,

diharapkan mendapatkan bahan apron proteksi radiasi yang aman dan nyaman.

Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam variasi yaitu variasi kadar timbal

(II) klorida (PbCl2) dengan variasi 60 pphr, 80 pphr, 100 pphr dan 120 pphr.

Variasi yang kedua adalah kadar ADCM (Azodikarbonamide) dengan variasi 0

pphr, 3 pphr, 6 pphr dan 9 pphr. Metode pembuatan campuran sintetis terdiri dari

3 tahap yakni pencampuran bahan-bahan, pencetakan lembaran kulit sintetis dan

pemanasan lembaran kulit sintetis dengan suhu 1400C selama 4 menit.

Pengujian bahan meliputi uji koefisien atenuasi dengan sumber Cs-137 (E = 662 keV), serta uji tarik dan kemuluran yang sesuai dengan standar SNI 1294-

2009 tentang kulit imitasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, nilai koefisien atenuasi

terbaik adalah bahan dengan kadar PbCl2 120 pphr dan ADCM 0 pphr, yakni

sebesar 0,0825 mm-1

dengan ketebalan 0,83 mm sampel ini daya serapnya setara

dengan pelat timbal murni 0,5 mm yang sesuai standar apron proteksi radiasi.

Hasil uji fisik terhadap material berdasar standar SNI 1294-2009 mempunyai nilai

kuat tarik lebih besar dari 500 N dan nilai kemuluran 15%, yang telah memenuhi

standar minimum kuat tarik dan kemuluran.

Kata kunci : apron radiasi, PbCl2, ADCM, koefisien atenuasi, kulit sintetis

Pembimbing Utama : Widya Rosita, S.T., M.T.

Pembimbing Pendamping : Ihda Novia Indrajati, S.T., M.T.

xviii

FABRICATION OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER WITH FILLER LEAD (II)

CHLORIDE (PbCl2) AS APRON MATERIAL OF RADIATION

PROTECTION IN RADIOLOGY UNIT

by

Faiz Asyifaa Mohtar

10/301041/TK/36774

Submitted to the Department of Engineering Physics

Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada on October 14, 2014

in partial fulfillment of the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Nuclear Engineering

ABSTRACT

In organization of a hospital, there is a radiology unit that handles

radiodiagnostics activities, radiotheraphy, and nuclear medicine. The hospital

workers who work with radiation are at risk of receiving the amount of radiation

exposure which is higher than received the patients. In accordance with ALARA

(As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, radiation protection apron is

needed as a radiation absorber. The current apron is made of lead plate and has

many shortcomings such as heavy, rigid, and easily bent which makes the user

feel uncomfortable. Therefore, the research was conducted to utilize synthetic

leather material with lead filler, which is expected to get material of radiation

protection apron that is safe and comfortable.

This research used two kind of variations. The first variation was the content

of Lead (II) Chloride (PbCl2) with variation of 60 pphr, 80 pphr, 100 pphr and 120

pphr. The second variation was the content of ACDM (Azodikarbonamide) with

variation of 0 pphr, 3 pphr, 6 pphr, and 9 pphr. The method of making synthetic

mixture consists of 3 phases which were mixing the materials, printing the sheets

of synthetic leather, and heating the sheets of synthetic leather at 1400C for 4

minutes.

The material testing included the test of attenuation coefficients with the

source Cs-137 (E = 662 keV), along with tensile and elongation test which was in accordance with the SNI 1294-2009 standard about imitation leather. Based on

the test result, the best attenuation coefficient value was material with content of

PbCl2 120 pphr and ADCM 0 pphr which amounted to 0.0825 mm-1

of linear

attenuation coefficient and with a thickness of 0.83 mm. The absorbance of this

sample was equivalent to 0.5 mm pure lead plates which was in accordance with

the standard of radiation protection apron. The result of physical test in material

which was in accordance with the SNI 1294-2009 standard had the bigger tensile

strength value than 500 N and had elongation value of 15%, which has been

fulfilled the minimum standard for tensile strength and elongation.

Keywords: PbCl2, ADCM, attenuation coefficient, synthetic leather

Supervisor : Widya Rosita, S.T., M.T.

Co-supervisor : Ihda Novia Indrajati, S.T., M.T.

INTISARIABSTRACT