report indonesia jepang (1) - satu

7/27/2019 Report Indonesia Jepang (1) - Satu

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N2O Emissions reduction by the diffusion of Coated fertilizers for agricultural soils

ProponentJCAM AGRI, Marubeni

1

F/S for Joint Crediting Mechanism CountryIndonesia, Malaysia CategoryChemical

MethodologyRe-assessment of baseline emissionsSurvey for expanding to eligible cropsFeasibility studyVerification of effectiveness of GHG emissions reduction by

using coated fertilizersCultivation testStudy of local production of coated fertili zers

The fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate that are widely used at the oil palm plantation inMalaysia and Indonesia but whose efficiency of ut ilization is low, lead to GHG emissions.

(1) IndonesiaPT ASTRA AGRO LESTARI TBK(2) Malaysia

Tropical Peat Research Laboratory UnitChief Ministers Department, Sarawak

KTS HOLDINGS SDN BHDExpected reduction rate; 40GHG reduction; 2.9milion MT-CO2/year

ammonium sulfate

Indonesia

& Malaysia

Area of Oil palm 1000ha 8,900

Assumption of N2O emissions (1000MT-CO2) 4,812

Assumption of CO2 emissions (1000MT-CO2 2,930

Total 1000MT-CO2 7,742

Actual* assumed based on urea 50%, ammonium sulfate 50%

Indonesia &

Malaysia

Assumption of GHG emissions

reduction (1000MT-CO2)2,927

After introductionAmount of fertilization in half by using Coated fertilizers

By promoting the diffusion of coating fertilizers with high efficiency by J apanese superior technology canreduce the amount of applied fertilizer and inhibit GHG emissions.

Overview

Study details Partner / Site

Measurement


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Introduction technology outline


Physical Property

Features Effect Duration

Segment Release MechanismCoated Fertilizer CF is the fertilizer which coatedspherical urea with resin.CF is good for the fertilization by machines becauseof spherical figure and sharp particle size distribution.CF is good for the blending because of non-absorbent property.

Content: total N 42%

Color: white

Figure: Spherical

Particle Size: 2.4~4mm

Density: 1.3 (Real density),

0.8 (Bulk density)pH: 7.0

Hardness: 2~3kg/particle

The water moisture is taken into the particlethrough the membrane.

The water taken in through membrane dissolvesinternal fertilizer.

The water pressure in the CFparticle is increasedand urea solution leak out through the polymermembrane.

Easy fertilizationOnly one time basal applicationFor whole growth of crops.

Low production costMuch fertilizer saving is possibleBy higher efficiency fertilization.

Homogeneous High Quality ProductsOptimized fertilizer supplyLower Environmental PollutionReduction of environment influence

CFcan controlthe length of the effect continuance days

the effect expression timewith high precision.


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Outline of Results


FY 2010 2011 2012

Feasibility Study A study about local production ofCF inIndonesia or Malaysia was done as

follows.

Seeking a partner

Calculation of profitability

The study was put on the review.

Usage survey of slow release

fertilizers in Indonesia and Malaysia

was done.

Market research of coated fertilizer in Indonesia .

Study of the technical license to Indonesia or

Malaysia.

Methodology A methodology for monitoring,reporting verification (MRV) was

developed. Urea, Ammonium sulfate,

Ammonium nitrate andCFwere studied

as fertilizers in the methodology.

Additional studies were done for the

methodology as follows.

* Expansion of intended fertilizers

* Expansion of eligible crops

* Recalculation of the baseline

emissions

Polish the methodology and make the format.

Apply the methodology to tested plantations by using

actual data.

Verify the methodology by a third-party.

Cultivation

Experiment

A cultivation test of oil palm (mature

and immature) was started at a peaty

soil and a sandy soil in Malaysia from

Dec. 2010. (Reduction of fertilizer

dosage by CF: 50%)

A cultivation test was started at a

mineral soil in Indonesia from May.

2011.

A cultivation test was started at the

Tropical Peat Research Laboratory

Unit in Sarawak from Sep. 2011.

Continue the cultivation experiments( one plantation

in Indonesia and three plantations in Malaysia).

Verify the reduction rate of fertilizer without

decreasing growth and yield by using the coated

fertilizer.

N2O Emission

Measurement

After setting chambers at cultivation

fields, N2O emission were measured

three times.

Chambers were set at additional

cultivation fields.

N2O emission at cultivation fields

were measured twice a month.

Measure and evaluate N2O emission at cultivation

fields.

Soil

IncubationTest

Three soils (Peaty soil, Sandy soil and

mineral soil) with fertilizers wereincubated in test tubes and evaluated

N2O emission. (Pre-exam)

Above three soils with fertilizers were

incubated in test tubes and evaluatedN2O emission under three different

moisture conditions.

Verify the N2O emission mechanism under the

condition of nitrification or denitrification.

Verification


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Emission from fertilizer application

World emission from fertilizers.

282 to 575 Mt-CO2 according to one study. About 1% of total anthropogenic GHG emission

Mostly due to application of nitrogen fertilizers

Fate of nitrogen, according to IPCC 2006 GL Volatilization: 70%, conversion to N2O: 1%

Leach/runoff: 30%, conversion to N2O: 0.75% Possibly a considerable heterogeneity

Therefore, application of 1t of nitrogen results in 9t-CO2eq in N2O emissions.

Therefore, reduction of N fertilization contributes to considerable reduction of emissions.

Other source of emissions can be significant

Ammonia production consumes substantial energy Nitric acid production emits N2O

Urea production consumes energy, and the carbon fixed in urea is released as CO2.

These upstream emission can contribute to up to 20% of total emission (urea, ammonia)



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Role of coated fertilizers By controlling the release of nutrients, coated fertilizers

increase the amount of nutrients utilized.

Therefore, less fertilizer is necessary.

GHG implications Avoidance of GHG emissions due to fertilizer applications.

Avoidance of GHG emissions due to fertilizer production.

Increase of GHG emissions due to production and application ofcoating material (PE: eventually released as CO2).

Decrease of other GHG emissions (fertilizer transport)

Other benefits on sustainability Prevention of eutrophication due to decrease in nitrogen runoff.



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Methodological aspects Eligibility criteria.

The project is the application of coated fertilizers using polyethylene-derived coatingmaterial (project participants can demonstrate intended fertilizers).

Applicable to agricultural fields with no history of using coated fertilizers, and where

synthetic fertilizers are predominantly used. Record of historical fertilizer application (characteristics, quantity of consumption) for

the past 3 years is available, or there is a fertilization standard applicable to the particularcrop, age and planting condition, issued from the government or an authoritativeorganization.

For fertilizer applied post-project, information on its chemical composition, type of

nitrogen compound or nitrogen quantity is obtainable. Crops planted after the project is the same type or combination of crops in the previousthree years.

Requirements Data on past and present fertilizer use must be ensured.

Coated fertilizer should not offset organic fertilizers (since unused organic fertilizers willremain unused, causing possible methane emissions).



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Methodological aspects Reference emissions

Based on historical fertilizerapplication.

A simple three year average.

High heterogeneity of fertilizerapplication makes it impossible todetermine reference/baseline emissionsas a function of project emissions.

Reference unit emissions is the lower of(average historical emissions per yield)

and (average historical emissions perarea) based on historical fertilizerapplication.

In this way, conservativeness is assured.

Emission factor of fertilizer

Includes upstream emissions whenfertilizer composition is known.

Includes only downstream emissionswhen fertilizer composition is notknown.

upstream downstream Total

NH3 1.46 7.39 8.85AP 0.99 0.99

NitroAP 0.96 0.76 1.72

Urea 1.02 4.15 5.17

AN 1.67 3.15 4.82

AS 0.11 1.89 2.00

CN 1.23 1.40 2.63

KN 1.44 1.26 2.70

MAP 0 0.99 0.99

DAP 0 1.62 1.62

TSP 0 0 0

SSP 0 0 0

MOP 0.15 0.00 0.15

SOP 0.15 0.00 0.15

LiqUAN 1.21 2.88 4.09

Default emission factor offertilizer (t-CO2/t-compound)

Calculation based on Published

data by IFA



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Methodological aspects

Project emissions

Based on actual application of fertilizer.

Emission factor of fertilizer similar to reference

emissions.

Emission due to coating material (4.64t-CO2/t-

coating)

No leakage emissions



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Applications and implications Tentative applications

Oil palm plantations expected to be the first mover in coating fertilizer application.

Simunjan (Malaysia):2,755ha Reference: 1,528t-CO2

Project: 1,088t-CO2

Emission reduction: 440t-CO2

Tatau (Malaysia):9,155ha

Reference: 9,971t-CO2 Project: 4,986t-CO2

Emission reduction: 5,890t-CO2

Carbon footprint study Bananas (Central America to Europe): Fertilizer production 4.4%, fertilizer application 5.7% of

total carbon footprint.

Palm in SE Asia: Fertilizer production 6.5%, fertilizer application 7.2% of total carbon footprint.

Fertilizer is already a significant component of product carbon footprint. Possible incentive to introduce coated fertilizers.



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Business Potential

Potential demand for coated urea in Indonesia

and Malaysia is estimated to be about 4.3million tons.

Potential demand for coated urea for the oilpalm plantation market is estimated to be

about 0.7 million tons or about 16% of the

total.


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F/S for Joint Crediting Mechanism CountryIndonesia, Malaysia CategoryChemicalFeasibility study for local production

of coated fertilizer Establishing 50,000Mt capacity of MEISTER-MX

(Blended fertilizer) plant including 30,000Mt capacity ofcoating urea was evaluated.

Some problems became clear to build the plant in

Indonesia or Malaysia as follows.+Raising the rate of reduction of fertilizer for MEISTER is necessary

in terms of economic viability of the invest.

+ An incentive to credit acquisition by fertilizer reduction forplantation isnt clear.

+Local urea producers in Indonesia and Malaysia prefer getting only

production license of coated fertilizer than to have joint venture

business.


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What remains to be studied

Market research of the coated fertilizer in

Indonesia

Study of the technical license to a local company

in Indonesia or Malaysia

report indonesia jepang (1) - satu

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