referensi kontrol positif obat nyamuk bakar

8/11/2019 Referensi Kontrol Positif Obat Nyamuk Bakar

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A systematic review of mosquito coils and

passive emanators: defining

recommendations for spatial repellencytesting methodologies

Sheila B Ogoma12*, Sarah J Moore12and Marta F Maia12

* Corresponding author: Sheila B Ogoma [email protected]

Author Affiliations

1Enironmental !hemati" #roup, $fa%ara &ealth $nstitute, '.O. Bo( ), $fa%ara, +orogoro,

nited -epuli" of !anzania

2/epartment of /isease Control, 0ondon S"hool of &giene !ropi"al +edi"ine, 3eppelStreet, 0ondon, 4C1E 5&!, nited 3ingdom

6or all author emails, pleaselog on.

Parasites & Vectors2712, 5:285 doi:17.118915)9;7););285

!he ele"troni" ersion of this arti"le is the "omplete one and "an e found online at:http:oemer 2712'ulished:5 /e"emer 2712

? 2712 Ogoma et al. li"ensee Bio+ed Central 0td.

!his is an Open A""ess arti"le distriuted under the terms of the Creatie Commons

Attriution 0i"ense http:"reatie"ommons.orgli"enses2.7 ,


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"onta"t


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leels in seeral deeloping;


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terminologies and methodologies used for ealuation of produ"t formats that "ould "ontain

spatial repellents in"luding $-S, 00$>s and inse"ti"ide treated materials $!+s.

!his reie<


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Figure %&A flow diagram of the selection procedure used for thesystematic review of accessile articles&

Summaries of reported mosquito responses to coils and emanators' and suggestions for

harmoni(ation of terminologies

Seeral inestigators report a numer of mosuito responses to airorne inse"ti"ide parti"les.

!hese responses are "lassified into measurale indi"ators namel: deterren"e, repellen" and

irritan", itingfeeding inhiition, %no"%;do


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on;"onta"t irritan", spatial repellen" and non;"onta"t disengagement

all des"rie ehaioural endpoints resulting from e(posure to "hemi"al emanations from "oils

and emanators. 6or purposes of "larit


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Dnon;"onta"t irritan" is releasing laorator;reared mosuitoes inside e(perimental huts

GIH and osering ho< fast the leae treated huts "ompared to "ontrol huts. !his field data

demonstrated good "orrelation


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&igh "on"entrations of prethrins indu"e faster 3/)7


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Organization 4&O re"ommends use of Stegomyia (Aedes) aegyptiand Culex

quinquefasciatusfor testing household;inse"ti"ides G1=H. Ealuations should e "ondu"ted on

oth sus"eptile and resistant strains of different mosuito spe"ies. /ifferent mosuito

genera, spe"ies, and population strains of the same spe"ies, ar in their sus"eptiilit to

inse"ti"ide due to spe"ifi" sele"tion pressures at site of origin and this "an ias the intensit of

out"ome measures !ale 1. Conseuentl,


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did not hae eaes in Lietnam GI5H. $t is ne"essar to "onsider the degree of entilation of the

test stru"ture and aerage enironmental "onditions during pea% disease transmission seasons


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stimulation. /espite differen"es in ealuation methodologies, "oils and emanators "learl

redu"e human;mosuito "onta"t. !he indu"e mortalit, deterren"e, repellen" and redu"e

feeding of mosuitoes on humans. +ortalit


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$t is hpothesized that sin"e spatial repellents do not %ill mosuitoes, there is in"reased ris% of

unprote"ted people eing infe"ted

referensi kontrol positif obat nyamuk bakar

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