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Nutrition In-Utero Administration in Pregnant Bali Cows; its Effect on Metabolite Status

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Nutrition In-Utero Administration in Pregnant Bali Cows; its Effect on Metabolite Status Muhammad Yusuf, Djoni Prawira Rahardja, Abdul Latief Toleng, Asmuddin Natsir, Syamsuddin Hasan. a. Judul Prosiding 2014 3rd International Conference on

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Nutrition In-Utero Administration in Pregnant Bali Cows; its Effect on Metabolite Status Muhammed Yusuf, Djoni Prawira Rahardja, Abdul Latief Toleng, Asmuddin Natsir, Syamsuddin Hasan.

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Environment, Energy and BiotechnologyIII

Volume 70Edited by

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ISBN 978-981-09-0253-7

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Environment, Energy and

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Selected, peer reviewed papers from the

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PREFACE

Dear Distinguished Delegates and Guests, The Organizing Committee warmly welcomes our distinguished delegates and guests to the 2014 3rd International Conference on Environment, Energy and Biotechnology (ICEEB 2014) held on June, 9-11, 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. ICEEB 2014 are sponsored by Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society (APCBEES), and supported by APCBEES Members and scholars from universities all round the world. If you have attended a conference sponsored by APCBEES before, you are aware that the conferences together report the results of research efforts in a broad range of Environment, Energy and Biotechnology society. These conferences are aimed at discussing with all of you the wide range of problems encountered in present and future high technologies. ICEEB 2014 are organized to gather members of our international community scientists so that researchers from around the world can present their leading-edge work, expanding our community’s knowledge and insight into the significant challenges currently being addressed in that research. The conference Program Committee is itself quite diverse and truly international, with membership from the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania. This proceeding records the fully refereed papers presented at the conference. The main conference themes and tracks are Environment, Energy and Biotechnology. The main goal of these events is to provide international scientific forums for exchange of new ideas in a number of fields that interact in-depth through discussions with their peers from around the world. Both inward research; core areas of Chemical, Environment, Energy and Biotechnology and outward research; multi-disciplinary, inter-disciplinary, and applications will be covered during these events. The conference has solicited and gathered technical research submissions related to all aspects of major conference themes and tracks. All the submitted papers in the proceeding have been peer reviewed by the reviewers drawn from the scientific committee, external reviewers and editorial board depending on the subject matter of the paper. Reviewing and initial selection were undertaken electronically. After the rigorous peer-review process, the submitted papers were selected on the basis of originality, significance, and clarity for the purpose of the conference. The selected papers and additional late-breaking contributions to be presented as lectures will make an existing technical program. The conference program is extremely rich, featuring high-impact presentations. The high quality of the program – guaranteed by the presence of an unparalleled number of internationally recognized top experts – can be assessed when reading the contents of the program. The conference will therefore be a unique event, where attendees will be able to appreciate the latest results in their field of expertise, and to acquire additional knowledge in other fields. The program has been structured to favor interactions among attendees coming from many diverse horizons, scientifically, geographically, from academia and from industry. Included in this will to favor interactions are social events at prestigious sites. We would like to thank the program chairs, organization staff, and the members of the program committees for their work. Thanks also go to Editor Ms. Liu Juan, Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society, for their wonderful editorial service to this proceeding. We are grateful to all those who have contributed to the success of ICEEB 2014. We hope

that all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process. Finally, we would like to wish you success in your technical presentations and social networking. We hope you have a unique, rewarding and enjoyable week at ICEEB 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. With our warmest regards, The Organizing Committees June, 9-11, 2014 Bangkok, Thailand.

Organizing Committees

Conference General Co-Chairs

Prof. Byoung Ryong Jeong, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang

National University,Korea

Program Co-Chairs

Pedro Joaquin Gutierrez-Yurrita, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico

KUMARESAN LOGANATHAN, POST DOCTORAL RESEARCHER, Taiwan

IDA IDAYU MUHAMAD, HEAD DEPT OF BIOPROCESS ENG., FACULTY OF

CHEMICAL ENG., UIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA, JOHOR BAHRU 81310

JOHOR, MALAYSIA

RAAFAT ABDELGHANY ABOMANDOUR, Toxicology colleague (lecturer),

Mansoura University, Egypt

Contact Chair

Lydia Liu, Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society

Technical Committee

Tan Chew Khun, Jalan Universiti, 31900 Kampar, Perak,Malaysia

N.BALASUBRAMANIAN, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University,

India

Vinod Dnyandeo Gondkar, Pravara Rural Education Society’s Pravara Rural

Engineering College,India

Hazim Jabbar Al-Daraji, University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Baghdad,

Iraq

Dr. ABDUL BAKRUDEEN ALI AHMED, Faculty of Science, University of Malaysia

Dr. Jayarama Reddy, St. Joseph's College, Bangalore

Dr. Salinee Sriwongchai, Burapha University Sakaeo Campus,THAILAND

Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico

SARBJIT SINGH, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Bharat Bhushan Gulyani, Chemical Engineering department, Dubai

Dr. H.GOKUL, National College, Basavanagudi, BANGALORE, India

Dr. Nalini Sankararamakrishnan, Centre for Environmental Sciences and

Engineering, IIT Kanpur, INDIA

UMER RASHID, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS, MALAYSIA

Phumin Kirawanich, Electrical Engineering Department, Mahidol University,

Thailand

Farid Amidi Fazli, Soofian IAU, Iran

Vikash Pratap Singh Bhadauria, MAHAMAYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, NOIDA,

INDIA

SUJA GEORGE, MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR,

INDIA

Jeong Chun phuoc, Multimedia University Malaysia (MMU), Malaysia

Dr. P. PARTHEEBAN, St. Peter’s College of Engineering and Technology, India

Table of Contents

ICBBT 2014---Bioinformatics and Biomedical Technology

Focal Structure Analysis in Large Biological Networks Fatih Şen, Rolf T. Wigand, Nitin Agarwal, Mutlu Mete and Rafal Kasprzyk

1

A Novel Algorithm to Reconstruct Phylogenies Using Gene Sequences and Expression

Data

Krzysztof Bartoszek and Pietro Lió

8

On Progress in Developing a System for Individual Planning and Aiding Tumor

Resection and Bone Reconstruction in the Maxillo-Facial Area

Ewelina Świątek-Najwer, Marcin Majak, Michał Popek and Magdalena Żuk

13

A Complex System for Optimal Individual Planning and Supporting

Implant-Prosthetic Treatment for Oncological Patients after Resective-Reconstructive

Surgery

Marcin Majak, Ewelina Świątek-Najwer, Michał Popek, Magdalena Żuk

19

rRNA of Alphaproteobacteria Rickettsiales and mtDNA Pattern Analyzing by Decision

Tree Seung Jae Lim and Taeseon Yoon

24

X-ray Based Planning of Implant-Prosthetic Treatment for Oncological Patients after

Post-Resective Maxilla/Mandible Reconstruction - Quantitative Evaluation of

Implantation Results

Magdalena Żuk, Ewelina Świątek-Najwer, Marcin Majak, Michał Popek and Daniel Szram

32

Improved Prediction of Protein-Small Organic Ligand Binding Sites Via

Consensus-Based Ranking with Linear Regression

Ibrahim Hijazi and Lukasz Kurgan

37

Controlled Red-Ox Reactions of Certain Cephalostatin analogs with anti-Cancer

Activity

Mansour Nawasreh

43

ICEEB 2014---Environment, Energy and Biotechnology

Chemical Warfare: An Unprecedented Environmental Threat Andrew Reginald Chakrabarty and Abhay J.Simha

49

Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Acinetobacter spp Using Response Surface

Methodology Malinee Sriariyanun, Suksun Amornraksa, Theerawut Phusantisampan, Kittipong

Rattanaporn, and Kraipat Cheenkachorn

53

Environmental Impact Assessment of the Development of Primary Aluminium

Industry in Indonesia based on MFA and LCA as a Baseline Study to Achieve

Sustainable Industry Asri Suciati and Naohiro Goto

58

A New Way to Protect Natural Areas through the Human Rights. The Case of Ethnic

Minorities in Mexico.

64

Blanca Andrea Ortega-Marín and Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita

Application of In-line High Shear Mixing Process in the Oxidative-Adsorptive

Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

Mark Daniel G. de Luna, Raymond A. Dayrit, and Meng-Wei Wan

69

Analysis of Barley microRNAs under Salinity Stress Using Small RNA-Seq Thi Hoang Yen Dang, Atul Kamboj, Mark Ziemann and Mrinal Bhave

74

Development of a Prefabricated and User Friendly Stance-Control Orthosis

Muhammad Rakib, Imtiaz Choudhury and N.A. Abu Osman

80

Development of Patient Specific Ankle Foot Orthosis through 3D Reconstruction Morshed Alam, I. A. Choudhury and M. Azuddin

84

Energy Consumption Analysis in Myanmar: the Past, Present and Future

Swe Swe Than and Boonrod Sajjakulnukit

89

Nutrition In-Utero Administration in Pregnant Bali Cows; its Effect on Metabolite

Status

Muhammad Yusuf, Djoni Prawira Rahardja, Abdul Latief Toleng, Asmuddin Natsir,

Syamsuddin Hasan

94

Batch and Fed-Batch Cultivations of Oleaginous Bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis

for Lipid Production Using Glucose Medium with Auxiliary Nitrogen Source

Salinee Sriwongchai

99

Preliminary Study on Heavy Metals Contents of Gloves and Masks Used by Allied

Medical Health Professionals

Judilynn N. Solidum and Gilmore G. Solidum

104

Abnormal High Formation Pressure Prediction and Causes Analysis Yuan Cao, Jingen Deng, Baohua Yu

109

Modified Sol-Gel Method in TiO2 Fabrication for Conversion of Glucose to

High-Value Chemicals

Orousa Panatta, Jiraporn Payormhorm, Siriluk Chiarakorn, Navadol Laosiripojana and

Surawut Chuangchote

114

Conversion of Sugar to Organic Acids using TiO2 Photcatalysts Synthesized by

Hydrothermal Process

Nuch Puttipat, Jiraporn Payormhorm, Siriluk Chiarakorn, Navadol Laosiripojana and

SurawutChuangchote

119

Development of Alkaline/Organosolv Pretreatment of Rice Straw to Enhance High

Solid Loading Saccharification

Naphatsaya Denchokpraguy, Verawat Champreda, and Navadol Laosiripojana

123

Activity of GDC and YDC Synthesize by Co-Precipitation Method toward Water Gas

Shift Reaction Eumporn Buarod, Navadol Laosiripojana, Sumittra Charojrochkul

128

Investigating the Prospects of Using Novel Thermal Power Pump Cycle Coupled with

Reverse Osmosis System for Water Desalination

Abhijit Date, S.V. Ghaisas, Ashwin Date and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh

132

Essential Oil Compositions from Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and 137

Callistemon viminalis Originated from Malaysia

Elnaiem Elaagib Mubarak, Sadegh Mohajer, Ibrahim Fatah Alrhman Ahmed and Rosna

Mat Taha

Microwave Synthesis of Monodisperse TiO2 Quantum Dots and Enhanced

Visible-Light Photocatalytic Properties

Songling Wang and Michael H.K. Leung

142

Influence of H2 and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Containing

Uptake Hydrogenase on Soybean Growth Promotion

Narongrit Sakunpon, Nantakorn Boonkerd, Neung Teaumroong, Shin Okazaki, Panlada

Tittabutr

147

Phosphate Recovery by Crystallization Process Using Magnesium Ammonium

Phosphate Crystals as Seed Material

Mark Daniel G. de Luna, Ralf Ruffel M. Abarca, Yao-Hui Huang, Ming-Chun Lu

152

Selection of Normal Melting Temperature Data of Imidazolium-type Ionic Liquids by

Chemical Homology

José O. Valderrama and Richard A. Campusano

157

Artificial Neural Networks and the Melting Temperature of Ionic Liquids

José O. Valderrama and Claudio A. Faúndez

162

Author Index 167

Nutrition In-Utero Administration in Pregnant Bali Cows; its Effect

on Metabolite Status

Muhammad Yusuf1+

, Djoni Prawira Rahardja1, Abdul Latief Toleng

1, Asmuddin Natsir

2,

Syamsuddin Hasan2

1 Department of Animal Production Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245,

Indonesia 2 Department of Animal Nutrition Faculty of Animal Science Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245,

Indonesia

Abstract. The aim of this study was to know the effect of nutrition in-utero administration on metabolite

status in pregnant Bali cows. A total of 90 Bali cows were clinically examined in the present study for

pregnancy status. Out of 90 cows, 33 cows were pregnant at various age of pregnancy. The remaining 57

cows did not become pregnant at the time of clinical examination. All cows were treated with nutrition in-

utero. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glucose concentrations were measured before and during

treatment. The results of this study showed that concentrations of BUN, creatinine, and glucose before

treatment (mean±SD) were 12.1±4.5 mg/dL, 1.7±0.4 mg/dL, and 56.1±23.4 mg/dL, respectively. After

treating the cows, the concentrations of BUN, creatinine, and glucose were relatively similar to the

concentrations before treatment; 11.7±5.5 mg/dL, 1.6±0.2 mg/dL, and 50.9±8.4 mg/dL, respectively.

Likewise, non-pregnant cows that showed normal ovarian activity, the concentrations of BUN, creatinine,

and glucose were also relatively similar both before and after treatment (14.2±7.6 mg/dL vs 11.8±2.7 mg/dL;

1.3±0.1 mg/dL vs 1.6±0.2 mg/dL; and 46.9±9.2 mg/dL vs 56.6±20.5 mg/dL). It is noteworthy that in anestrus

cows, the concentration of glucose before treatment was only 28.7±15.0 mg/dL and it was increased to

53.0±7.1 mg/dL after treatment, while concentrations of BUN and creatinine were relatively similar both

before and after treatment (12.9±0.8 mg/dL vs 8.4±0.2 mg/dL and 1.0±0.2 mg/dL vs 1.6±0.1 mg/dL). In

conclusion, Bali cows with normal concentrations of BUN, creatinine, and glucose during pregnancy tended

to maintain their metabolite status. Administration of nutrition in-utero in anestrus cows improved glucose

concentration.

Keywords: bali cows, metabolite status, nutrition in-utero, pregnancy, anestrus.

1. Introduction

Pregnancy consists of a series of small, continuous physiologic adjustments that affect the metabolism of

all nutrients [1] Moreover, although pregnancy is a continuum of small physiologic adjustments, the changes

are often grouped by period of gestation, ie, the first and last halves, the 3 trimesters, or the 4 quarters of

pregnancy. These adjustments in nutrient metabolism are complex and evolve continuously throughout

pregnancy. Therefore, major adaptations in maternal physiology and metabolism are required for successful

pregnancy [2].

As gestation progresses, reference ranges from for the concentration of many biochemical parameters

change significantly from those found in the non-pregnant state [2], [3], including metabolite status. As a

dynamic and anabolic state, pregnancy within several weeks, a new endocrine organ, the placenta is already

formed and is secreting hormones that affect the metabolism of all nutrients [1]. In this mechanism, lacking

of certain nutrient; for example in cow’s diet is hypothesized to have changes in metabolite state and

Corresponding author. Tel.: +62-411-587111; fax: +62-411-583111.

E-mail address: ramadhanti_yusuf@yahoo.com

2014 3rd International Conference on Environment Energy and Biotechnology IPCBEE vol.70 (2014) © (2014) IACSIT Press, Singapore

DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2014. V70. 18

94

subsequently affecting the pattern of fetal growth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the effect of

nutrition in-utero administration on metabolite status in pregnant Bali cows.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Animals and management

A total of 90 Bali cows in smallholder farms were used in this study. The cows were mainly raised by the

farmers concurrently with all their cattle in the same management. Likewise, the cows were managed

without any different treatment including nutritional requirements during pre-calving, postpartum, lactating

and pregnant, and gestation. The animals were sent out to the field at the day-time and housed at the nigh-

time. Feedstuffs consisted of grass and rice straw; sometimes they were fed rice bran without any concentrate

and mineral supplements [4].

All cows were clinically examined for pregnancy status. The cows that did not become pregnant at the

time of clinical examination, they were then examined for reproductive physiological status. All cows were

treated with nutrition in-utero for four months. Nutrition in-utero was made as UMMB-like with nutrient

composition is shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Nutrient composition of “Nutrition in Utero” and feedstuff that used in the study

Content Composition (%)

Nutrition in Utero (UMMB-like) Feedstuff

Water 26.43 70.12

Crude protein 31.23 6.15

Crude fat 25.22 6.35

Crude fiber 9.33 31.46

Nitrogen free extract 10.01 41.06

Ash 24.21 14.49

Calcium 2.67 0.70

Phosphor 1.09 0.40

2.2. Reproductive management

Under smallholder raising cattle, the farmers have no special management for reproduction including

recording, estrous induction/synchronization, heat detection aid. However, mainly farmers could recognize

the animal in estrus, especially standing estrus. When the animal showing estrus, the farmers are usually

inform to the inseminator for artificial insemination (AI) or natural mating by bull if available or seek by

request to the neighbour bull for mating.

2.3. Blood collection

Blood samples were collected two times; before and after treating with nutrition in-utero from all cows

in the morning between 08:30 and 10:00 am via jugularis vein into evacuated vacuum tubes containing K3-

EDTA. After collection, a drop of sample were taken for glucose test using Easy Touch® GCU, then the

samples were kept at 4°C and were centrifuged within 4 h at 1500 x g for 15 min to collect plasma. The

plasma was then stored frozen at -20°C until analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine [4].

2.4. Data analysis

Data were tabulated and statistically analyze using Microsoft Excel, 2007. All data were

presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). These parameters were compared using analysis of

variance (ANOVA).

95

3. Results and Discussion

Out of 90 cows that clinically examined in the present study, 33 cows were pregnant at various age of

pregnancy. The remaining 57 cows did not become pregnant with various reproductive physiologies such as

active and inactive ovaries at the time of clinical examination. Before treating with nutrition in-utero,

concentrations of BUN, creatinine, and glucose in pregnant Bali cows (mean±SD) were 12.1±4.5 mg/dL,

1.7±0.4 mg/dL, and 56.1±23.4 mg/dL, respectively. After treating the cows, the concentrations of BUN,

creatinine, and glucose were relatively similar to the concentrations before treatment; 11.7±5.5 mg/dL,

1.6±0.2 mg/dL, and 50.9±8.4 mg/dL, respectively (Tabel 2).

Table 2. Concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and glucose in pregnant Bali cows before and after

treating with nutrition in utero

Concentration (mg/dL)

BUN Creatinine Glucose

Before treatment

Mean 12.1 1.7 56.1

Standard deviation 4.5 0.4 23.4

Minimum 6.5 1.1 20.0

Maximum 20.3 2.6 118.0

Before treatment

Mean 11.7 1.6 50.9

Standard deviation 5.5 0.2 8.4

Minimum 5.0 1.2 37.0

Maxi mum 27.2 2.2 67.0

Non-pregnant cows that showed normal ovarian activity, the concentration of BUN was slightly

decreased (14.2±7.6 mg/dL vs 11.8±2.7 mg/dL) (Fig. 1), however, the concentrations of creatinine, and

glucose were increased (1.3±0.1 mg/dL vs 1.6±0.2 mg/dL; and 46.9±9.2 mg/dL vs 56.6±20.5 mg/dL) (Fig. 2

and 3). It is noteworthy that in anestrus cows, the concentration of glucose before treatment was only

28.7±15.0 mg/dL and it was increased significantly to 53.0±7.1 mg/dL (Figure 3) after treatment, while

concentrations of BUN and creatinine were relatively similar both before and after treatment (12.9±0.8

mg/dL vs 8.4±0.2 mg/dL and 1.0±0.2 mg/dL vs 1.6±0.1 mg/dL) (Fig. 1 and 2).

Fig. 1: Changes in BUN concentration of pregnant, cyclic ovary and inactive ovaries in Bali cows before and after

treating with nutrition in utero

Evaluation of blood biochemical provides an opportunity to expect the healthy production in animals [5].

Likewise, this evaluation is also valid for cows at different reproductive physiological state. In pregnant

cows, this evaluation is useful in expecting the healthiness of fetal growth. For example, glucose is a primary 96

nutrient for conceptus growth and milk synthesis [6]. Moreover, they stated that glucose is the most

important source of fuel for oxidation in fetal and placental tissues. While in non-pregnant cows, this

evaluation would able to describe the ovarian function especially in anestrous cows. Low concentration of

glucose in postpartum cows tended to increase the interval between calving and resumption of ovarian cycle.

It is noteworthy that anestrous cows in the present study were likely to have ovarian activity after treating

with nutrition in-utero. This may due to that the level of both energy and protein as well as minerals content

in the diet improved the reproductive state of the animals. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the animals

in any state of reproductive physiology for their metabolite state in relation to their diet and production.

In conclusion, Bali cows with normal concentrations of BUN, creatinine, and glucose during pregnancy

tended to maintain their metabolite status. Administration of nutrition in-utero in anestrous cows improved

glucose concentration and improved ovarian function.

Fig. 2: Changes in creatinine concentration of pregnant, cyclic ovary and inactive ovaries in Bali cows before and after

treating with nutrition in utero

Fig. 3: Changes in glucose concentration of pregnant, cyclic ovary and inactive ovaries in Bali cows before and after

treating with nutrition in utero

97

4. Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Directorate General for Higher Education of Indonesia through

competitive research of Institute for Research and Community Services Hasanuddin University No.

746/UN4.20/PL.09/2013. Our sincere thanks are due to the farmers in Bantaeng Regency involved in this

study for their cooperation.

5. References

[1] J. C. King 2000. Physiology of pregnancy and nutrient metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr, 71 (suppl): 1218S-1225S.

[2] S. Y. Gurgoze, A. K. Zonturlu, N. Ozyurtlu, H. Icen 2009. Investigation of some biochemical parameters and

mineral substance during pregnancy and postpartum period in Awassi ewes. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 15 (6):

957-963.

[3] G. Lockitch 1997. Clinical biochemistry of pregnancy. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 34 (1): 67-139.

[4] M. Yusuf, D. P. rahardja, A. L. Toleng, A. Natsir, S. Hasan 2013. Metabolite status of Bali cows during the last

trimester of pregnancy. International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering;

Agriculture and Biotechnology. 47-50.

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