Proses Pengembangan Project Website

Dr. Eng. Herman Tolle, ST., MT.

Sistem Informasi - PTIIK

Universitas Brawijaya Ganjil 2014/2015

Desain Web

Web Development Team

Planning: Development Team

A cross-disciplinary team includes:• Project manager (Web site manager)

• HTML Authors

• Programmers

• Interface and Interaction designer

• Graphic designer

• System/ server administrator

Hey look, No Webmaster!

• Human factors/ Usability expert

• Writers / Editors

• Content Owner(s)

• Client / customer

• User

• Representative from a Legal department

Web Developer

Secara garis besar dapat dipisahkan:

1. Web Designer: membuat disain web

2. Web Programmer: membuat script untukweb

3. Web Administrator: sebagaiadministrator web

Web Development Process

Tahapan Pengembangan Website

Sebuah website dikembangkan dalam 2 proses besar:

1. Web Development: proses awal hingga menjadihalaman-halaman web secara lengkap dan siaptayang. Dibuat dan diujikan pada lingkunganterbatas.

2. Web Deployment: proses untuk membuatwebsite terpasang pada server internet dandapat diakses orang lain. Dibuat dan diujikanpada lingkungan penerapan sebenarnya

Web Development Process

• Perencanaan Web Site (Plan, Design)

• Membuat Website (Develop)

• Testing Website (Deploy)

Perencanaan Web (PLAN) (Form1)Lakukan perencanaan sebelum membuat website, yaitu:

Deskripsikan apa tujuan/fungsi web tersebut. Apakah untuk Berita, Pendidikan, Pribadi, Official web, E-Commerce, Hiburan atau lainnya.

Kumpulkan/siapkan semua bahan/materi/konten apa saja yang akan ditampilkan. (Seperti data, image, database, dll)

Rancang menu dan link navigasinya. (site map)

Rancang disain tampilan (layout) secara umum.

Konsep Konten

Pertanyaan pertama, what is the site for? • Promote your ideas, hobbies, or beliefs

• To Advertise your company or product

• Make loads of money really fast

• Provide customer services and support

• To keep your customer base informed

• Give or Sell Information

• Create an 'Extended Business Card' for your company

• Provide internal information and services for your company

Konsep Konten …

• Pertanyaan mendasar yang harus dijawab adalah :

– Mengapa orang mau mengunjungi website saya?

– Mengapa orang mau mengunjungi lagi (re-visit) website saya?

• Menjaga konten selalu ter-update secara berkala (no one wants to keep reading the same stuff over and over again).

• Tambahkan konten yang dinamis pada site anda. Misalnya: buku tamu, news, forum diskusi, chat room, pool, share social media, dll. (Ingat untuk selalu memonitor-nya)

Konsep Disain

Dalam mendisain web, komponen berikut yang harus diperhatikan:

• Tata Letak / Layout

• Teks (Tipografi)

• Ilustrasi (Grafik dan Animasi)

• Warna

• Links (Struktur Navigasi)

Ada jutaan bahkan milyaran halaman web di internet, tetapi hanya sebagian kecil yang membuat kita terkesan dan betah untuk selalu mengunjunginya.

Apa yang membuat kita mau membuka suatu halaman web???

1. Ada INFORMASI yang ingin kita peroleh dari web tersebut!!! -> Web Content

2. Tampilan yang menarik dan kenyamanan dalam berinteraksi -> Disain Web

Komponen Disain Web

• Ada dua komponen dasar dalam disain web:

– isi (content)

– tampilan (format).

• Web yang mementingkan content terkadang memiliki tampilan yang sederhana atau bahkan ala kadarnya

• Web yang memiliki disain yang bagus biasanya memiliki waktu loading yang lama.

• Isi dan tampilan adalah suatu kesatuan yang harus dibangun secara bersama-sama.

Optimasi Web

• Bagaimana membuat sebuah website yang memiliki tampilan yang bagus, tetapi juga efisien dalam manajemen isi dan waktu loading-nya?

• Waktu loading (loading time) sangat tergantung pada ukuran file dan kecepatan koneksi internetnya

• Ukuran file termasuk juga semua komponen yang ada dalam halaman web tersebut (gambar, sound, animasi, dll)

Browser Compatibility

Web pages do NOT look the same in all the major browsers

Test with current and recent versions of: ◦ Internet Explorer

◦ Firefox, Mozilla

◦ Opera

◦ Safari

Progressive Enhancement: Website functions well in browsers commonly used by your target audience

Add enhancements with CSS3 and/or HTML5 for display in modern browsers

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Web Page Design Screen Resolution

Test at various screen resolutions◦ Most widely used: 1024x768, 1366x768, and 1280x800

Design to look good at various screen resolutions◦ Centered page content ◦ Set to either a fixed or percentage width

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Struktur Navigasi

Website Organization

Hierarchical

Linear

Random (sometimes called Web Organization)

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Hierarchical Organization

A clearly defined home page

Navigation links to major site sections

Often used for commercial and corporate websites

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Hierarchical: Too Shallow

Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.

Too many immediate choices a confusing and less usable website.

Group, or “chunk”, related areas

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Hierarchical: Too Deep

Be careful that the organization is not too deep.

◦ This results in many “clicks” needed to drill down to the needed page.

◦ User Interface “Three Click Rule” A web page visitor should be able to get

from any page on your site to any other page on your site with a maximum of three hyperlinks.

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Linear Organization

A series of pages that provide a tutorial, tour, or presentation.

Sequential viewing

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Random Organization

Sometimes called “Web” Organization

Usually there is no clear path through the site

May be used with artistic or concept sites

Not typically used for commercial sites

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Visual Design Principles

Repetition Repeat visual elements

throughout design

Contrast Add visual excitement and

draw attention

Proximity Group related items

Alignment Align elements to create visual

unity

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Writing for the Web

Hindari teks yang terlalu panjang (45-75karakter)

Gunakan bullet points

Gunakan headings dan subheadings

Gunakan paragraphs yang singkat

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Design “Easy to Read” Text

Use common fonts: Google Font

Use appropriate text size: medium, 1em, 100%

Use appropriate line length Between 50-75 characters is recommended

Use appropriate line height: 1.2 – 1.5

Use strong contrast between text & background

Use columns instead of wide areas of horizontal text

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More Text Design Considerations

Carefully choose text in hyperlinks

Avoid “click here”

Hyperlink key words or phrases

Do not hyperlink not entire sentences

Chek yur spellin (Check your spelling)

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Using Color on Web Pages

Computer monitors display color as intensities of red, green, and blue light

RGB Color

The values of red, green, and blue vary from 0 to 255.

Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) represent these color values.

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Hexadecimal Color Values

# indicates a hexadecimal value

Hex value pairs range from 00 to FF

Three hex value pairs describe an RGB color

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Web Color Palette

A collection of 216 colors

Display the most similar on the Mac and PC platforms

Hex values: 00, 33, 66, 99, CC, FF

Color Chart : http://webdevbasics.net/color

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Making Color Choices

How to choose a color scheme?

Monochromatic○ http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color-blend

○ http://www.0to255.com

Choose from a photograph or other image○ http://www.colr.org

Begin with a favorite color○ Use one of the sites below to choose other colors

http://www.colorschemedesigner.com

http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp

Use of Graphics & Multimedia

Perhatikan ukuran dan dimensi file

Antialiased/aliased text considerations

Sediakan alternate text untuk setiap tag image (<img alt = “Logo” … >)

Gunakan file multimedia (sound, video) seperlunya

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Web Page Design Load Time

Watch the load time of your pages

Try to limit web page document and associated media to under 60K on the home page

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Navigation Design

Make your site easy to navigate Provide clearly labeled navigation in the same location on

each page

Most common – across top or down left side

Consider: Navigation Bars

Breadcrumb Navigation

Using Graphics for Navigation

Dynamic Navigation

Site Map

Site Search Feature

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Rancang Disain Visual dg Wireframe

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Wireframe

Sketsa rancangan dari sebuah website

Menunjukkan struktur dasar elemen-2 web page:

Logo

Navigation

Content

Footer

Contoh Wireframe Tools

JustInMind http://www.justinmind.com/

Microsoft Visio

Adobe inDesign

Pencil Project http://pencil.evolus.vn/Default.html

FrameBox

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Web Page Design Page Layout (1)

Place the most important information "above the fold"

Use adequate "white" or blank space

Use an interesting page layout

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This is usable, but a little boring. See the next slide for improvements in page layout.

Web Page Design Page Layout (2)

Better

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Columns make the page more interesting and it’s easier to read this way.

Web Page Design Page Layout (3)

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BestColumns of different widths interspersed with graphics and headings create the most interesting, easy to read page.

Page Layout Design Techniques

Fixed Layout

◦ AKA rigid or “ice” design

◦ Fixed-width often at left margin

◦ More appealing if fixed with content is centered

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Page Layout Design Techniques

Fluid Layout◦ AKA “liquid” design◦ Expands to fill the

browser at all resolutions.

◦ Adaptation: ◦ Page content typically

centered andoften configured with a percentage width such as 80%

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Web Design Best Practices Checklist (Form 2)

http://terrymorris.net/bestpractices

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• Page Layout• Browser Compatibility• Navigation• Color and Graphics• Multimedia• Content Presentation• Functionality• Accessibility

How to be a good designer?

Perbanyak lihat contoh berbagai format disain web

Kuasai penggunaan HTML Editor, Image Manipulator / Animator

Practise,

practise,

practise!

Make your own design and be creative!

How to be a good programmer? Kuasai Logika Pemrograman

Pelajari Javascript dan salah satu server side script

Pelajari modul aplikasi step-by-step

Jangan hanya puas menggunakan instant aplikasi CMS (Mambo, PHPNuke, dll)

Practise, Practise, Practise

Make your Own!

Web Development Technology

Web Development Technology

• Browser

• Authoring Tools

• Development Tools

• Development Platform

• Web Server Application

• Database

Authoring Tools

• Microsoft Web Expression

• Macromedia Dreamweaver, Fireworks, Flash

• Aptana, HTML-Kit, Komodo, KompoZer

• Graphics Design Tools: Photoshop, dll

Development Platform

• Server Side Programming:

– CGI, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion

• Server Side Platform:

– J2EE

– Apache, Tomcat

– .Net Framework (v1, v1.1, v2, v3, v3.5, …)

• Web Service

• Interoperability, data interchange: XML

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Web Deployment

Deploying Website

• Hosting

• Daftar (Register) Domain

• Upload Website

• Testing Website

Deploying Website

• Proses hosting dan register domain dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan jasa perusahaan yang menyediakan hosting + daftar domain

• Pemilihan hosting harus disesuaikan dengan website yang kita buat, fitur yang disediakan server dan layanan yang diberikan perusahaan tsb.

Deploying Website

Pemilihan Server Hosting

• Server Unix / Linux Script PHP

• Server Windows: ASP/.NET

• Database apa yang disupport?

• Berapa kapasitas yang diberikan?

• Fitur apa saja yang ada: Control Panel? Email?, FTP?, Backup data?, Sekuritas?

• Biaya, dan

• Support dari Penyedia server

Final Project Planning

Gunakan Lembar Kerja Final Project

Minggu 1: Form 1 - Planning

Minggu 2: Form 2 - Web Evaluation

Minggu 3&4: Presentasi

UAS: Pengumpulan Project