i

PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXI, Semester Genap , Tahun 2016/2017

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

BALAI LATIHAN KERJA INDUSTRI DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Tema Desain

Green Architecture

Fokus Kajian

Optimalisasi Kualitas Udara dalam Workshop Pengelasan dan Perkayuan

dengan Sistem Penghawaan Alami

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Marcella Dina Petrina 13.11.0050

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT. NIDN : 0617025701

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA Maret 2017

ii

HALAMAN JUDUL PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LXXI, Semester Genap , Tahun 2016/2017

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

BALAI LATIHAN KERJA INDUSTRI DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Tema Desain

Green Architecture

Fokus Kajian

Optimalisasi Kualitas Udara dalam Workshop Pengelasan dan Perkayuan

dengan Sistem Penghawaan Alami

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Marcella Dina Petrina 13.11.0050

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT. NIDN : 0617025701

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA Maret 2017

vii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iv

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN .................................................................................. v

PRAKATA ........................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiii

BAB I ................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran yang akan Dicapai ........................................................ 5

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................................... 5

1.4. Manfaat yang ingin Dicapai ........................................................................... 7

1.5. Metode Pembahasan .................................................................................... 7

1.5.1. Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................. 7

1.5.2. Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis ........................................................ 8

1.5.3. Metoda Pemrograman ......................................................................... 9

1.5.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................... 9

1.6. Sistematika Pembahasan ........................................................................... 12

BAB 2 ................................................................................................................ 14

2.1. Tinjauan Umum Balai Pelatihan Kerja Industri ............................................ 14

2.1.1. Gambaran umum ............................................................................... 14

2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend .......................................... 16

2.1.3. Sasaran yang ingin dicapai ................................................................ 19

2.2.Tinjauan Khusus Balai Latihan Kerja Industri ............................................... 20

2.2.1. Terminologi ........................................................................................ 20

2.2.2. Kegiatan (Pelaku, Fasilitas, dan Prasarana)...................................... 27

2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ................................................... 34

2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Kabupaten ............................................................ 37

2.2.5 Studi banding kasus projek sejenis .................................................... 40

2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................ 44

2.2.7 Kesimpulan, batasan, dan anggapan ................................................. 45

BAB 3 ................................................................................................................ 48

3.1. Analisa pendekatan arsitektur ..................................................................... 48

3.1.1. Studi aktivitas .................................................................................... 48

3.1.2 Studi fasilitas .................................................................................... 72

viii

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ..................................................... 123

3.2.1. Studi sistem struktur dan Enclosure ................................................ 123

3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas ........................................................................ 131

3.2.3 Sistem Pemanfaatan Teknologi........................................................ 135

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ................................................. 138

3.2.1. Analisa pemilihan lokasi .................................................................. 138

3.2.1. Analisa pemilihan tapak .................................................................. 142

BAB 4 .............................................................................................................. 150

4.1. Konsep program Balai Latihan Kerja Industri di Kabupaten Semarang ..... 150

4.1.1. Aspek citra ....................................................................................... 150

4.1.2. Aspek fungsi .................................................................................... 150

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi .............................................................................. 151

4.2. Tujuan perancangan ................................................................................. 151

4.2.1. Tujuan perancangan ........................................................................ 151

4.2.2. Faktor penentu perancangan ........................................................... 152

4.2.3. Faktor persyaratan perancangan (design reqriutment) .................... 153

4.3. Program Arsitektur .................................................................................... 155

4.3.1. Program Kegiatan ............................................................................ 155

4.3.2. Program Sistem Struktur .................................................................. 160

4.3.3 Program sistem utilitas .................................................................... 161

4.3.4. Program lokasi dan tapak................................................................ 163

BAB 5 .............................................................................................................. 166

5.1. Kajian teori penekanan desain .................................................................. 166

5.1.1. uraian interpretasi dan elaborasi tema desain ................................. 166

5.1.2. Pengertian Green architecture ........................................................ 166

5.1.3. Prinsip green architecture ................................................................ 167

5.1.5. Studi preseden................................................................................. 179

5.1.6. Kemungkinan penerapan teori tema desain ..................................... 181

5.2. kajian terori permasalahan dominan ......................................................... 182

5.2.1. Elaborasi dan kajian teori ................................................................ 182

5.2.2. Kualitas udara dalam ruangan ......................................................... 183

5.2.3. Sistem penghawaan alami ............................................................... 185

5.2.5. Kemungkinan Implementasi ............................................................. 188

KEPUSTAKAAN ................................................................................................ xv

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... xvii

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2. 1 Mesin Fusing ................................................................................. 31

Gambar 2. 2 Mesin obras ................................................................................. 31

Gambar 2. 3 Mesin jahit industri ........................................................................ 31

Gambar 2. 4 meja potong .................................................................................. 31

Gambar 2. 5 Mesin las SMAW .......................................................................... 31

Gambar 2. 6 Mesin las GMAW ......................................................................... 32

Gambar 2. 7 Mesin bubut .................................................................................. 32

Gambar 2. 8 Mebeler tool .................................................................................. 32

Gambar 2. 9 Mesin tenon mortiser .................................................................... 32

Gambar 2. 10 Mesin frais ................................................................................... 33

Gambar 2. 11 Mesin bor .................................................................................... 33

Gambar 2. 12 Mesin gerinda ............................................................................. 33

Gambar 2. 13 Mesin sekrap ............................................................................... 33

Gambar 2. 14 Peta wilayah Kabupaten Semarang ........................................... 38

Gambar 2. 15 kios 3in1 dan R. instuktur ............................................................ 41

Gambar 2. 16 workshop manufaktur dan otomotif.............................................. 41

Gambar 2. 17 Workshhop pengelasan dan perkayuan ...................................... 42

Gambar 2. 18 Workshop otomotif mobil bensin dan motor ................................. 43

Gambar 2. 19 Kantor pengelola dan asrama ..................................................... 43

Gambar 2. 20 Workshop pengelasan dan area parkir ....................................... 43

Gambar 3. 1 Bagan pola kegiatan pengelola………...……………………………57

Gambar 3. 2 Bagan pola kegiatan pengelola (jabatan pelatihan) ....................... 58

Gambar 3. 3 Bagan pola kegiatan pengelola (staff operasional) ........................ 59

Gambar 3. 4 Bagan pola kegiatan instruktur pelatihan ....................................... 60

Gambar 3. 5 Bagan pola kegiatan peserta pelatihan ......................................... 61

Gambar 3. 6 Bagan pola kegiatan tamu ............................................................. 61

Gambar 3. 7 Bagan pembukaan periode pelatihan ............................................ 72

Gambar 3. 8 Pola hubungan ruang privat .......................................................... 77

Gambar 3. 9 Pola hubungan ruang publik dan semi publik ................................ 78

Gambar 3. 10 Pola hubungan ruang privat ........................................................ 79

Gambar 3. 11 pola pencahayaan ruang workshop ............................................. 80

Gambar 3. 12. mesin fusing ............................................................................... 81

Gambar 3. 13 meja potong ............................................................................... 81

Gambar 3. 14 mesin obras ................................................................................ 81

Gambar 3. 15 mesin jahit industri ...................................................................... 81

Gambar 3. 16 mesin jahit lubang kancing .......................................................... 81

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Gambar 3. 17 Mesin jahit rantai ........................................................................ 82

Gambar 3. 18 Rak Sumber ............................................................................... 82

Gambar 3. 19 Lemari ......................................................................................... 82

Gambar 3. 20 Tata Ruang menjahit ................................................................... 82

Gambar 3. 21 Tata Ruang menjahit untuk disabilitas ......................................... 83

Gambar 3. 22 jarak min. sirkulasi pengguna tongkat & kursi roda ...................... 83

Gambar 3. 23 Space min. yang diperlukan ........................................................ 84

Gambar 3. 24 jarak min. sirkulasi ...................................................................... 84

Gambar 3. 25 mesin bordir manual .................................................................... 84

Gambar 3. 26 mesin bordir komputer ................................................................. 84

Gambar 3. 27 rak ............................................................................................... 84

Gambar 3. 28 Lemari ........................................................................................ 85

Gambar 3. 29 meja gambar ............................................................................... 85

Gambar 3. 30 Mesin jahit industri ...................................................................... 85

Gambar 3. 31 meja pola .................................................................................... 85

Gambar 3. 32 boneka model / manekin ............................................................. 85

Gambar 3. 33 rak ............................................................................................... 85

Gambar 3. 34 tabung pemadam kebakaran ....................................................... 86

Gambar 3. 35 Mesin bubut ............................................................................... 87

Gambar 3. 36 Mesin gerinda............................................................................. 87

Gambar 3. 37 mesin sekrap ............................................................................... 87

Gambar 3. 38 mesin frais ................................................................................... 87

Gambar 3. 39 Mesin bor ................................................................................... 88

Gambar 3. 40 kode sirkulasi ruang workshop .................................................... 88

Gambar 3. 41 Mesin tenon mortiser ................................................................... 89

Gambar 3. 42 mesin planer kayu ....................................................................... 89

Gambar 3. 43 table saw ..................................................................................... 89

Gambar 3. 44 mesin pengamplas elektrik .......................................................... 89

Gambar 3. 45 kode sirkulasi ruang workshop ................................................... 90

Gambar 3. 46 mesin las GMAW ........................................................................ 91

Gambar 3. 47 mesin las SMAW ......................................................................... 91

Gambar 3. 48 mesin las OAW ........................................................................... 91

Gambar 3. 49 meja las SMAW ........................................................................... 91

Gambar 3. 50 meja las GMAW .......................................................................... 91

Gambar 3. 51 Tabung gas 2m\3 ......................................................................... 92

Gambar 3. 52 Ruang gerak yang dibutuhkan ..................................................... 92

Gambar 3. 53 Ruang gerak yang dibutuhkan ..................................................... 92

Gambar 3. 54 kode sirkulasi ruang workshop .................................................... 93

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Gambar 3. 55 mesin pemotong bambu .............................................................. 94

Gambar 3. 56 mesin pemotong bambu .............................................................. 94

Gambar 3. 57 mesin irat bambu ......................................................................... 94

Gambar 3. 58 table saw ..................................................................................... 94

Gambar 3. 59 mesin gergaji ukir ........................................................................ 94

Gambar 3. 60 meja workshop ............................................................................ 94

Gambar 3. 61 sistem struktur rangka ............................................................... 123

Gambar 3. 62 Sistem struktur masif ................................................................. 124

Gambar 3. 63 struktur plat dinding sejajar........................................................ 124

Gambar 3. 64 struktur space frame ................................................................. 124

Gambar 3. 65 pondasi footplat ......................................................................... 125

Gambar 3. 66 pondasi rakit .............................................................................. 125

Gambar 3. 67 Struktur beton bertulang ............................................................ 126

Gambar 3. 68 struktur baja .............................................................................. 126

Gambar 3. 69 Struktur atap baja konvensional ................................................ 127

Gambar 3. 70 struktur atap pipa baja ............................................................... 127

Gambar 3. 71. Dak beton ................................................................................. 128

Gambar 3. 72 roof garden ................................................................................ 128

Gambar 3. 73 dinding batako ........................................................................... 129

Gambar 3. 74 dinding bata merah ................................................................... 129

Gambar 3. 75 dinding partisi ............................................................................ 129

Gambar 3. 76 Cladding ACP............................................................................ 130

Gambar 3. 77 GRC cladding panel .................................................................. 130

Gambar 3. 78 Air PDAM .................................................................................. 131

Gambar 3. 79 rainwater harvesting .................................................................. 131

Gambar 3. 80 Gardu PLN ................................................................................ 132

Gambar 3. 81 photovoltaic solar panel ............................................................. 132

Gambar 3. 82 genset ....................................................................................... 132

Gambar 3. 83 Diagram pendistribusian listrik ................................................... 132

Gambar 3. 84 Kabel tembaga .......................................................................... 133

Gambar 3. 85 Kabel fiber optik ........................................................................ 133

Gambar 3. 86 diagram sistem PABX ............................................................... 134

Gambar 3. 87 Fire Extinguish ......................................................................... 134

Gambar 3. 88 tabung dan hydrant box ............................................................. 135

Gambar 3. 89 CCTV set .................................................................................. 136

Gambar 3. 90 Cara kerja CCTV analog ........................................................... 136

Gambar 3. 91 Cara kerja IP CCTV .................................................................. 137

Gambar 3. 92 Peta administratif Kabupaten Semarang ................................... 138

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Gambar 3. 93 administratif Kecamatan Bergas ................................................ 139

Gambar 3. 94 Peta administratif Kecamatan Ungaran ..................................... 140

Gambar 3. 95 Peta administratif Kecamatan Bawen ........................................ 141

Gambar 3. 96 Peta tapak alternatif 1 ............................................................... 142

Gambar 3. 97 Konsdisi eksisiting tapak ........................................................... 144

Gambar 3. 98 Peta tapak alternatif 2 ............................................................... 145

Gambar 3. 99 Konsdisi eksisiting tapak ........................................................... 146

Gambar 3. 100 Peta tapak alternatif 3 ............................................................. 147

Gambar 3. 101 Konsdisi eksisiting tapak ......................................................... 148

Gambar 4. 1 Peta lokasi Kecamatan Ungaraan…………………………………..163

Gambar 4. 2 Lokasi tapak di Jalan Dipenogoro ............................................... 164

Gambar 5. 1 Kantor Dahana…………………………………………….…………..180

Gambar 5. 2 Auditorium PT. Dahan ................................................................. 180

Gambar 5. 3 Sistem penchayaan PT. Dahan ................................................... 181

Gambar 5. 4 Factory on the earth ................................................................... 186

Gambar 5. 5 Factory on the earth .................................................................... 186

Gambar 5. 6 Selasar pada bangunan .............................................................. 187

Gambar 5. 7 Sistem pemanfaatan angin, air dan matahari .............................. 187

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. 1 Fasilitas di BLKI Kab. Semarang ......................................................... 3

Tabel 2. 1 Data jurusan industri di BLKI yang sudah ada…………………………22

Tabel 2. 2 Data Tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan .................................................. 25

Tabel 2. 3 daftar karyawan BLKI ........................................................................ 31

Tabel 2. 4 daftar fasilitas .................................................................................... 34

Tabel 2. 5 daftar sarana fasilitas utama di BLKI ................................................. 35

Tabel 2. 6 daftar sarana fasilitas penunjang ....................................................... 36

Tabel 2. 7 daftar sarana fasilitas pengelola ........................................................ 37

Tabel 2. 8 daftar sarana fasilitas service ............................................................ 38

Tabel 2. 9 Peralatan / prasarana workshop........................................................ 31

Tabel 3. 1 Kelompok kegiatan administrasi pusat…...……………………………..48

Tabel 3. 2 Kelompok Kegiatan Jabatan Pelatihan .............................................. 51

Tabel 3. 3 Kelompok Kegiatan Staff Operasional ............................................... 53

Tabel 3. 4 Kelompok Kegiatan Insttruktur, Peserta pelatihan dan tamu ............. 54

Tabel 3. 5 Jumlah karyawan .............................................................................. 62

Tabel 3. 6 Jumlah tenaga kerja dalam bidang tekstil (nasional) ......................... 63

Tabel 3. 7 Jumlah tenaga kerja di Indonesia menurut provinsi ........................... 64

Tabel 3. 8 Jumlah tenaga kerja dalam bidang manufaktur (nasional)................. 65

Tabel 3. 9 Jumlah tenaga kerja dalam bidang perkayuan (nasional) .................. 66

Tabel 3. 10 Jumlah tenaga kerja dalam bidang pengelasan .............................. 67

Tabel 3. 11 Jumlah tenaga kerja dalam bidang TIK (nasional) ........................... 68

Tabel 3. 12 Jumlah tenaga kerja dalam bidang industri kreatif ........................... 69

Tabel 3. 13 jumlah kapasitas peserta BLKI ........................................................ 70

Tabel 3. 14 Jadwal pelayanan BLKI ................................................................... 70

Tabel 3. 15 Jadwal pelayanan dan pelatihan .................................................... 70

Tabel 3. 16 Jumlah jam pelajaran masing – masing paket pelatihan.................. 71

Tabel 3. 17 Pengelompokkan ruang dan sifat .................................................... 72

Tabel 3. 18 persyaratan ruang ........................................................................... 74

Tabel 3. 19 Studi besaran ruang ........................................................................ 96

Tabel 3. 20 Kelas dan bahan pemadam kebakaran ......................................... 135

Tabel 3. 21 Analisa keunggulan dan kelemahan Kecamatan Bergas .............. 140

Tabel 3. 22 Analisa keunggulan dan kelemahan Kecamatan Ungaran ........... 141

Tabel 3. 23 Analisa keunggulan dan kelemahan Kecamatan Bawen .............. 141

Tabel 3. 24 Analisa pemilihan lokasi ................................................................ 142

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Tabel 3. 25 Analisa pemilihan tapak alternatif 1 ............................................... 143

Tabel 3. 26 Analisa keunggulan dan kelemehan .............................................. 144

Tabel 3. 27 Analisa pemilihan tapak alternatif 2 ............................................... 145

Tabel 3. 28 Analisa keunggulan dan kelemehan .............................................. 146

Tabel 3. 29 Analisa pemilihan tapak alternatif 3 ............................................... 147

Tabel 3. 30 Analisa keunggulan dan kelemehan .............................................. 148

Tabel 3. 31 Tabel analisa pemilihan tapak ....................................................... 149

Tabel 4. 1 Perhitungan luas bangunan…………………………………………….155