present tenses

PRESENT TENSES(BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG)

BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG MENJELASKAN SUATU KEGIATAN YANG DILAKUKAN PADA SAAT INI BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG TERDIRI ATAS:1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE(BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG)

VERBAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT VERBAL)

KALIMAT YANG PREDIKATNYA KATA KERJA (VERB)

(+) AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE (KALIMAT BERITA)

SUBYEK + VERB I I, YOU, WE, THEY

SUBYEK + VERB I + S/ES HE, SHE, IT

THEY VISIT THE LIBRARY TWICE A WEEK

SHE GOES TO THE LIBRARY EVERY MORNING

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE KETENTUAN PERUBAHAN KATA KERJA :

1. SUBJEK HE, SHE IT KATA KERJA MENGALAMI PERUBAHAN,

a. KATA KERJA DITAMBAH “S”

SPEAK SPEAKS

VISIT VISITS

WRITE WRITES

b. KATA KERJA BERAKHIRAN S,SH, CH, X, O + “ES”

FIX FIXES

PUSH PUSHES

c. KATA KERJA BERAKHIRAN Y DIDAHULUI HURUF KONSONAN , MAKA ‘Y’ DIGANTI ‘I’ DAN + ‘ES’

FLY FLIES

STUDY STUDIES

2. JIKA DIDAHULUI AUXILIARY VERB, KATA KERJA TIDAK DITAMBAH ‘S’ ATAU’ES’

SHE CAN SPEAK ENGLISH WELL

I MUST WORK AGAIN NOW

(-) NEGATIVE SENTENCE (KALIMAT SANGKAL)

(?) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (KALIMAT TANYA)

(?) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE WITH QUESTION WORD

SUBYEK + DO + NOT + VERB I I, YOU, WE, THEY

SUBYEK + DOES + NOT + VERB I HE, SHE, IT

THEY DO NOT VISIT A LIBRARY TWICE A WEEK

DO + SUBJEK + VERB I

DOES + SUBJEK + VERB I

I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

DO THEY VISIT A LIBRARY TWICE A WEEK?

QW + DO+ SUBJEK + VERB I

QW + DOES+ SUBJEK + VERB I

I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

WHERE DOES SHE GO?

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE(BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG)

NOMINAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT NOMINAL)

KALIMAT YANG PREDIKATNYA BUKAN KATA KERJA (NON VERB)



SUBYEK + TO BE + NON VERB

I, YOU, WE, THEY, HE, SHE, IT

SHE IS A STUDENT

SUBYEK + TO BE + NOT + NON VERB

SHE IS NOT A STUDENT



CATATAN :

QUESTION WORD ADALAH KATA TANYA YANG TERDIRI :

WHAT, WHERE, WHY, WHO, HOW

QW + TO BE + SUBJEK?

WHO IS SHE?

TO BE + SUBJEK + NON VERB ? I, YOU, WE, THEY,

HE, SHE, IT

IS SHE AN ENGINEER ?

I, YOU, WE, THEY, HE, SHE, IT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE(BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG SEDANG BERLANGSUNG)

UMUMNYA DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENYATAKAN SUATU PERBUATAN YANG SEDANG DIKERJAKAN ATAU SUATU PERISTIWA YANG SEDANG TERJADI


I, YOU, WE, THEYSUBYEK + TO BE + VERB 1 + ING HE, SHE, IT

SHE IS READING A BOOK

HE IS MAKING A HOUSE

KETENTUAN DALAM PENAMBAHAN “ING”

KATA KERJA BERAKHIRAN “E” DIHILANGKAN, DITAMBAH “ING”

WRITE WRITING

PREPARE PREPARING

KATA KERJA BERAKHIRAN HURUF MATI DAN DIDAHULUI HURUF HIDUP, MAKA HURUF MATI DIGANDAKAN

WAIT WAITTING

SIT SITTING

KATA KERJA LANGSUNG DITAMBAH “ING”

CALL CALLING

STAY STAYING

READ READING




SUBYEK + TO BE + NOT + VERB I + ING I, YOU, WE, THEYHE, SHE, IT

I AM NOT READING A BOOK

I, YOU, WE, THEYHE, SHE, IT

IS HE READING A BOOK?

QW + TO BE+ SUBJEK + VERB I + ING I, YOU, WE, THEYHE, SHE, IT

WHO IS READING A MAGAZINE?

TO BE + SUBJEK + VERB I + ING ?

PENGECUALIAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

KATA KERJA : GO, COME, LEAVE, STAR, SEE, VISIT MENYATAKAN SUATU PERBUATAN SUDAH DIRENCANAKAN AKAN DILAKUKAN

WE ARE GOING TO THE LIBRARY TONIGHT

KATA KERJA : HAVE, FEEL DAN THINK, DALAM ARTI TERTENTU SEBAGAI PRESENT TENSE / PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE, MENUNJUKKAN SEDANG BERLANGSUNG

I HAVE A FEVER NOW

I FEEL THEY WILL GO NOW

SHE THINK OUR IDEA IS RIGHT

WE ARE ALWAYS THINKING BEFORE I ACT

PRESENT PERFECT TENSES(BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG TELAH SELESAI)

MENYATAKAN SUATU PERBUATAN ATAU KEGIATAN TELAH SELESAI DILAKUKAN

1. VERBAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT VERBAL)


I, YOU, WE, THEYSUBYEK + HAVE + VERB 3

HE, SHE, IT

THEY HAVE TAUGHT US FOR TEN YEARS

HE HAS LIVED HERE FOR FIVE YEARS

SUBYEK + HAS + VERB 3




SUBYEK + HAVE + NOT + VERB 3 I, YOU, WE, THEY

SUBYEK + HAS + NOT + VERB 3 HE, SHE, IT

SHE HAS NOT TAUGHT US FOR TEN YEARS

HAVE + SUBJEK + VERB 3

HAS + SUBJEK + VERB 3

I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

HAVE THEY TAUGHT US FOR TEN YEARS?

QW + HAVE+ SUBJEK + VERB 3

QW + HAS+ SUBJEK + VERB 3

I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

WHAT HAS SHE DONE?

2. NOMINAL SENTENCE (KALIMAT NOMINAL)



I, YOU, WE, THEYSUBYEK + HAVE + BEEN + NON VERB

HE, SHE, IT

SHE HAS BEEN VERY BUSY LATELY

SUBYEK + HAS + BEEN + NON VERB

SUBYEK + HAVE + NOT + BEEN + NON VERB I, YOU,

WE, THEY

SUBYEK + HAS + NOT + BEEN + NON VERB HE, SHE, IT

SHE HAS NOT BEEN VERY BUSY LATELY


(?) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE WITH QW

I, YOU, WE, THEY HAVE + SUBYEK + BEEN + NON VERB

HE, SHE, IT

HAS SHE BEEN VERY BUSY LATELY

HAS + SUBYEK + BEEN + NON VERB

QW + HAS + SUBYEK + BEEN + NON VERB I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, ITWHERE HAS THEY BEEN SINCE FIVE MINUTES AGO?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES(BENTUK WAKTU SEKARANG SELESAI SEDANG BERLANGSUNG)

MENYATAKAN PERBUATAN ATAU KEADAAN YANG DIMULAI PADA SAAT LAMPAU DAN MASING BERLANGSUNG HINGGA SEKARANG

BENTUK PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE LEBIH JELAS MENGGUNAKAN “SINCE” ATAU “FOR”


I, YOU, WE, THEY

SUBYEK + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VERB 1 + ING

HE, SHE, ITHE HAS BEEN DRIVING A TRACTOR FOR FIVE YEARS




I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, ITHE HAS NOT BEEN WORKING SINCE TWO YEARS

I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, ITHAVE SHE BEEN STUDYING SINCE SEVEN O’CLOCK?

I, YOU, WE, THEY

HE, SHE, IT

WHAT HAS SHE BEEN DOING SINCE TWO O’CLOCK?

SUBYEK + HAVE/HAS + NOT + BEEN + VERB 1 + ING

HAVE/HAS + SUBYEK + BEEN + VERB 1 + ING

QW + HAVE/HAS + SUBYEK + BEEN + VERB 1 + ING

present tenses

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