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ISAKILPA SCIRTEM YTILIBATIFORP GNITEKRAM

amirP ayaJ gnugA TP narasameP naigaB adap susaK idutS kanaitnoP

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nemejanaM idutS margorP

:helO

iweD einahpetS enyaJ

2260 :MIN 58041

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ ,NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

3102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

ISAKILPA SCIRTEM YTILIBATIFORP GNITEKRAM

p susaK idutS ada narasameP naigaB amirP ayaJ gnugA TP kanaitnoP

ISPIRKS

halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD tarayS utaS imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

nemejanaM idutS margorP

:helO


580412260 :MIN

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ ,NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

3102


ii


iii


vi

UTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL NAUJ

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

:amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

iweD einahpetS enyaJ : amaN

580412260 : awsisahaM romoN

ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

isakilpA scirteM ytilibatiforP gnitekraM ) kanaitnoP amirP ayaJ gnugA TP narasameP naigaB adap susaK idutS (

imed nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb nakirebmem ayas naik ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem uata tenretnI id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad

utnu nial aidem ji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek k ayas irad ni nakirebmem nupuam r ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayo

.silunep iagabes

ranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD - .aynraneb

atrakaygoY id taubiD

102 lirpA 03 :laggnat adaP 3

nakataynem gnaY

) iweD einahpetS enyaJ (


v

:ottoM

,tekcop ym ni gnihton s’ereht fi enigami nac I

nac I tuB ’ereht fi enigami ton delwonk on s dna dnim ym ni eg

.traeh ym ni noigiler

.efil ym ni snus rehto ym era yehT

rehtaf ym ot detacideD ,sdneirf ,rehtorb ,sretsis ,rehtom ,

.ereh yaw ym no enil lufituaeb tsom eht edam reve taht sraet ym dna


iv

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU IMONOKE SATLUKAF

NEMEJANAM NASURUJ - NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

nagnat adnatreb gnay ayaS ini nagned ,ini hawab id ispirkS awhab nakataynem nagned uj :lud

ISAKILPA SCIRTEM YTILIBATIFORP GNITEKRAM ( adap susaK idutS narasameP naigaB amirP ayaJ gnugA TP kanaitnoP )

laggnat adap ijuid kutnu nakujaid nad , 32 3102 lirpA .ayas ayrak lisah halada

ayaS uata nahurulesek tapadret kadit ini ispirks malad awhab nakataynem aguj urinem uata ,nilaynem arac nagned libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes

ilak naiakgnar kutneb malad m uata nasagag nakkujnunem gnay lobmis uata taunep irad narikimep uata tapadnep haloes uka ayas gnay nial sil - iagabes halo

gnay nasilut nahurulesek uata naigab tapadret kadit uata nad ,iridnes ayas nasilut nakirebmem apnat nial gnaro nasilut irad libma ayas uata ,urit ayas ,nilas ayas

ilunep adap )isnerefer malad naktubesid( naukagnep .aynilsa s

,tubesret nakadnit nakukalem ataynret ayas awhab itkubret irah naidumek id aliB raleg nad nakrugugid ini ispirks utiay ,isknas amirenem aidesreb ayas akam naruta nagned iauses sesorpid atres naklatabid ).E.S( helorep ayas gnay kimedaka

gnadnurep - lasap nad 52 lasap ,3002 nuhaT 02 .oN UU( ukalreb gnay nagnadnu.)07

,atrakaygoY 03 3102 lirpA

gnaY ,naataynrep taubmem


580412260 :MIN


iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

tamhar nad ainurak sata EMY nahuT adapek hisak amiret nad rukuys ijuP - ,ayN

nihes dujreb gnay ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep agg isakilpA“ lu gnitekraM

scirteM ytilibatiforP adap susaK idutS : narasameP naigaB amirP ayaJ gnugA TP ,

kanaitnoP raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays utas halas iagabes silutid ini ispirkS .”

rP adap imonokE anajraS satlukaF nemejanaM nasuruJ ,nemejanaM idutS margo

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE

.kahip iagabreb nautnab takreb kiab nagned iaseles tapad ini ispirks nasiluneP

:adapek hisak amiret nakpacugnem nigni silunep ,uti kutnU

.1 iraM yrreH .H .rD kapaB imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales ,.iS .M ,ojd

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.2 idutS margorP auteK ukales ,.iS .M ,.E .S ,otowruP sakuL .rD kapaB

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nemejanaM

.3 A .B .M ,idatuS .hT .srD kapaB . halet gnay ,I gnibmibmep nesod ukales ,

.itah nahuggnusek nagned silunep gnibmibmem nad nakharagnem

.4 gnay II gnibmibmep nesod ukales ,.iS .M ,adeiviR ahtreB iratU haiD .arD ubI

ini ispirks aggnihes silunep gnibmibmem nad nakharagnem halet aguj

.anrupmes hibel idajnem

.5 ,.ES ,otowruP sakuL .rD kapaB .iS .M halet gnay ijugnep mit atoggna ukales ,

.anugreb tagnas gnay nakusam irebmem


iiiv

.6 amirP ayaJ gnugA TP narasamep naigaB kanaitnoP naknanekrepmem gnay

naitilenep nakukalem itilenep .

.7 .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nawayrak nad nesod panegeS

.8 aB ukigab aod nad ,tahesan ,nagnukud nakirebmem ulales gnay ukubI nad kap

s nakajregnem amales kiab nagned nakiaselesret tapad aggnihes ini ispirk .

.9 kadit gnay ini ispirks nanusuynep malad utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumeS

.utasrep utas naktubesid tapad

m siluneP anerak nagnarukek kaynab hisam ini ispirks awhab iradayne

silunep ,uti anerak helO .silunep ikilimid gnay namalagnep nad nasatabretek

anug acabmep arap irad nugnabmem gnay naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem

rks nakanrupmeynem gomeS .ini ispi fnamreb ini ispirks a idajnem tapad nad taa

naker igab nakusam nahab - .ispirks nusuynem malad naker

lirpA ,atrakaygoY 3102

siluneP


580412260 :MIN


xi

ISI RATFAD

namalaH LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ............... ii AH NAHASEGNEP NAMAL ................................ ................................ ......... iii

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP NAMALAH ....................... vi NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..... v

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH ......................... iv RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH ................................ ............................... iiv

ISI RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ............. xi LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..... x

RABMAG RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ix KARTSBA NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................ iix

DNEP I BAB NAULUHA ................................ ................................ .............. 1 .A halasaM gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ 1 .B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ .......... 5 .C halasaM nasatabmeP ................................ ................................ ...... 6 .D naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ........... 6 .E naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ .......... 7

AKATSUP NAIJAK II BAB ................................ ................................ ....... 8 .A iroeT nasadnaL ................................ ................................ .............. 8 .B naitileneP niaseD ................................ ................................ ........... 32

NAITILENEP EDOTEM III BAB ................................ .............................. 62 .A P sineJ naitilene ................................ ................................ .............. 62 .B naitileneP kejbO nad kejbuS ................................ .......................... 62 .C naitileneP isakoL nad utkaW ................................ .......................... 72 .D ataD rebmuS ................................ ................................ .................. 72 .E ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ ............................. 72 .F sukoF habmeP nasa ................................ ................................ ......... 82 .G akapiD gnay edoteM nakanaskaleM kutnU i naitileneP ................... 82 .H hakgnaL - naitileneP hakgnaL ................................ ......................... 92

MAG VI BAB NAITILENEP KEJBUS MUMU NARAB .......................... 13 NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA V BAB ................................ ...... 43

NASATABRETEK NAD ,NARAS ,NALUPMISEK VI BAB .................... 05 AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................... 55

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 85


x

LEBAT RATFAD

lebaT luduJ namalaH faD 1.2 arasameP skirtaM rat n 22

muR 2.2 narasameP rukU talA su 22

1.5 f noitazilaeR selaS sretrauQ 6 ro 34

2.5 niK naropaL tulosbA narasameP ajre 93

3.5 noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN )CMN( 93

4.5 SOR gnitekraM 40

5.5 gnitekraM IOR 41

6.5 satnemelpmI akgnA i eP narasameP ajreniK narukugn 44

7.5 ayaiB - narasameP ayaiB 0102 1Q amaleS – 1102 2Q 64

8.5 ,noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN ,ytilibatiforP gnitekraM 49

SOR gnitekraM nad IOR gnitekraM


ix

D RABMAG RATFA

luduJ rabmaG namalaH

narukugneP isakilpA narikimeP akgnareK 1.2 ajreniK 12

narasameP

1.4 naahasureP isasinagrO rutkurtS rabmaG 44

1.5 abaL ,ayaiB ,nalaujneP isasilaeR 35

2.5 Q 6 rof noitazilaeR selaS margotsiH sretrau 35

3.5 ayaiB & narasameP ajreniK nagnidnabreP margotsiH 37

5.5 narasameP ajreniK isasilaeR margotsiH 34

6.5 margotsiH 0102 1Q amales narasameP ayaiB – 1102 2Q 47


iix

KARTSBA

SCIRTEM YTILIBATIFORP GNITEKRAM ISAKILPA

( amirP ayaJ gnugA TP narasameP naigaB adap susaK idutS ) kanaitnoP


amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

trakaygoY 3102 ,a

p naujuT uhat iracnem nad askiremem ,isakifitnedignem kutnu halada ini naitileneep satilibatiforp skirtam isakilpa anamiagab TP adap isatnemelpmiid narasam

amirP ayaJ gnugA kanaitnoP ,isaulavegnem asib nanipmip kucup aggnihesninem nad ,ikiabrepmem ayaib nailadnegnep nad narasamep ajrenik naktakg - ayaib

.narasamep atad sisilana talA tubesid gnay narasamep ruku tala nakanuggnem nagned ”.scirtem ytilibatiforp gnitekram“ narasamep satilibatiforp skirtaM iridret

irad c gnitekram ten kram ,)CMN( noitubirtno gnitekraM( selas no nruter gnite ,)SOR nad .)IOR gnitekraM( tnemtsevni no nruter gnitekram irad lisaH

satilibatiforp skirtam nakanuggnem nagned narasamep ajrenik narukugnep ucagnem ,ajrenik nahurulesek sata salej gnay narabmag irebmem tapad narasamep

dapek ayaib nad ajrenik nahalasamrep raka a - .narasamep ayaib

:icnuk ataK M ytilibatiforp gnitekra m ,scirte gnitekraM ,SOR gnitekraM ,CNMIOR .


iiix

TCARTSBA

YTILIBATIFORP GNITEKRAM FO NOITACILPPA EHT

SCIRTEM

( P fo noisiviD gnitekraM eht ta ydutS esaC A amirP ayaJ gnugA T ) kanaitnoP

einahpetS enyaJ

ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS

3102 ,atrakaygoY

smia hcraeser sihT tuo dnif dna eziniturcs ,yfitnedi ot fo noitacilppa eht wohecalp sekat serusaem ecnamrofrep gnitekram TP ta amirP ayaJ gnugA kanaitnoP

taht os ti ,evorpmi ,etaulave ot elba eb lliw rotcerid tnediserp dna sreganam pot sog gnitekram tes sla lortnoc dna ecnamrofrep gnitekram rieht ecnahne sa llew sa ,

sesnepxe gnitekram . ot sdnetni troper siht ni dezilitu saw taht sisylana atad ehTitacilppa eht erusaem ytilibatiforp gnitekram gnisu ecnamrofrep gnitekram fo no

.scirtem orp gnitekraM c gnitekram ten fo stsisnoc scirtem ytilibatif noitubirtno no nruter gnitekram dna ,)SOR gnitekraM( selas no nruter gnitekram ,)CMN(

.)IOR gnitekraM( tnemtsevni m fo stluser ehT serusaem ecnamrofrep gnitekra llarevo fo erutcip raelc a edivorp scirtem ytilibatiforp gnitekram gnisu .sesnepxe gnitekram dna smelborp ecnamrofrep fo toor eht tniopnip ,ecnamrofrep

.seitinutroppo tnemevorpmi yfitnedi ot evres neve nac tI

:sdrowyeK M tekra ytilibatiforp gni m ,scirte gnitekraM ,SOR gnitekraM ,CNM

IOR .


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A rataL B gnakale M halasa

iagabes narasameP sretekram ,naahasurep kudorp nakrasamem nad rasap iracnem gnay

nad rotatilisaf iagabes aguj srotacinummoc aratna nesudorp kawid gnay nagned aynili

rasap nalep nagned kiab nagnubuh nugnabmem nad P .nagg nakapurem narasame

naahasurep kabmot gnuju helob kadit gnay iridnes ajrekeb rasamep ipatet na surah

huragnepmem ajrek kutnu nial nemetraped i amas adap sukofreb nasaupek ilebmep .

babeS , a helo nakrasapid gnay ap nemetraped rasamep na gnay kudorp halada

d kirbap id iskudorpi pukuc gnay ukab nahab naaidesretek nakulremem kirbap nad ,

kosamep irad satilaukreb nad gnay aumesek ratna natabilretek ulrep ini ayn

malad nemetraped nad amasajrekeb isarobalokreb kutnu .ilebmep nasaupek adap sukof

ip nakapurem narasameP gnarab nasemem nigni gnay ilebmep igab kusam utn ,

al nahutnesreb rasap nad ilebmep nagned gnusgn kiab nagned alolekid surah aggnihes

.tapec nad P rasame na aguj agut naknalajnem asib surah kiabes nagned akerem s -

kgninem suret narasamep ajrenik aggnihes aynkiab ,ta nad aynkilabes narasamep surah

narasamep nalaosrep alages naksalejnem asib , nakhacemem puggnas sugilakes nad

ep r nades gnay nalaos .nurunem narasamep ajrenik alakanam ipadahid g anerak helO

tagnas gnay nagniasrep nad ,simanid ,tapec gnay rasap nahaburep tatek naigab akam ,

narasamep adap kapmadreb asib gnay kurub nanikgnumek isapisitnagnem surah


2

nanurunep narasamep ajrenik nad tapet iskerok nakukalem tapad naikimed nagned ,

tapec padahret .narasamep nahalasamrep alages

Pe narukugn narasamap ajrenik la nagned as halada narasamep ta utas hal kutnu arac

hakapa iuhategnem p ajrenik sesor hakapa nad tosorem uata takgninem narasamep

nakukalid areges ulrep nakiabrep nakadnit utaus pmI . ajrenik narukugnep isatnemel

aguj narasamep kutnu k sativitkefe nad isneisife ialinem narasamep ajreni atres naropal

rasamep nabawaj gnuggnatrep ,na isasilamitpo nad isargetnignem ssorc - lanoitcnuf

naahasurep malad ,kitkarp malad iD . gnuggnanep ilak gnires narasamep naigab bawaj

hgnem gnuggnatrep irebmem kutnu radni narasamep naraulegnep nabawaj gnay

iladnekret kadit gnurednec itrepes , b ,isomorp ayai naluagrep nad nanalajrep ayaib ,

atres .iapacid gnay tiforp nad narasamep ajrenik

tubesret lah tahileM arap nareh kadit , reganam gnitekram ilak gnires tutnunem

narayabmep )noitarenumer( nad raseb gnay awemitsi kah livirp laiceps( ege )s :

uata narasamep ayaib narulegnep naanaskajibek gnidneps gnitekram ayaib itrepes

ka ,sanid nanalajrep ,isomorp nial nad isadomo - .nial K kesno u naahasurep ,aynisne

epmem gnay ajrek lanoiseforp narasamep arap nak tutnunem itekram gn reganam

araces ajrekeb k naktakgninem suret kutnu neisife nad fitkefe ,lanoiseforp ajreni

tamehgnem nad narasamep ulegnep a narasamep nar .

anamiagaB nad ,narasamep naraulegnep isawagnem nanipmip kucup anamiagab

ep ajrenik awhab mialkgnem narasamep reganam kiab narasam -b nakhab uata ajas kia

takgninem . narasamep ajrenik mialkgnem kutnu iakapid gnay nakotap nad rasad apA

,nurunem narasamep ajrenik akij naD ?takgninem narasamep nemetraped hakapa


3

kiabes nagned akerem sagut naknalajnem kadit - dreb aggnihes aynkiab adap kapma

narasamep ajrenik uata nalaujnep aynnurunem ?

,uti babes helO akgna kutneb malad narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi -

halasamrep sata nabawaj nakapurem akgna na .ini D naikimed nagne , reganam

akgna kutneb malad naksalejnem tapad narasamep - kgna negnem a ep ajrenik ia narasam

nanipmip kucup adapek anam huajes naka nanipmip kucup nad ,narasamep ajrenik

akgna kutneb malad nakataynid halet gnay nasalejnep imahamem hadum hibel - .akgna

m kaynab adA skirta p id ,narasamep ajrenik narukugne aynaratna halada “ gnitekram

”scirtem ytilibatiforp irad iridret gnay m ( tnemtsevni no nruter gnitekra m gnitekra

)IOR ( selas no nruter gnitekram , m )SOR gnitekra noitubirtnoc gnitekram ten nad

.)CMN( agiteK narasamep ajrenik ruku tala nagned tubesid gnay “m gnitekra

p ibatifor il yt m ”scirte ini gnitnep tagnas ayaib nailadnegnep kutnu - narasamep ayaib

.nakisakilpaid hadum nad

iduts turuneM noitaicossA gnitekraM naciremA ehT ,)5002( T“ kaynab hale

naahasurep - ,akiremA id naahasurep ailartsuA nad aporE nad iuhategnem halet gnay

bmegnem pesnok nakgna nad narasamep sisilana tala adap nakisakilpaid kutnu

naahasurep akerem , ataynret nad lisah isatnemelpmi narasamep ajrenik narukugnep

irebmem tifeneb s nahubmutrep nad nagnabmekrep igab raseb gnay naahasurep

akerem , asurep gnem halet gnay naah mi narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelp

kiab nagned nad taafnam kitemem halet netsisnok , id anam tapad fitukeske arap

nakukalem ret naialinep mit isatuper nad isatserp padah narasamep , isaulave nad

nakiabrep samep sativitkefe nad isneisife natakgninep atres nara tapec nagned .


4

TP amirP ayaJ gnugA nesudorp halada itrepes aynaratna id nauyakrep kudorp nuad

utnip ,)rood dilos( dilos gnidluom aynnanurut nad tcudorp yb( s ,) tezmo nagned

atar nalaujnep - aynnalub paites haipur railim aud sata id atar .

P anipmip kucu P n T amirP ayaJ gnugA tala kaynab ada gnamem awhab kutnu

nad narasamep ajrenik rukugnem ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi raga ikadnehgnem

ajrenik iuhategnem tapad nikgnum tapeces aggnihes nakanaskalid areges narasamep

akiladnegnem kutnu sugilakes nad narasamep ayaib n - .narasamep ayaib

mip kucuP TP nanip A gnug J aya P amir b iradaynem tala kaynab ada gnamem awha

ruku narasamep ajrenik , ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi/naanaskalep lawa pahat nad

,racnal nad hadum halkadit narasamep naahasurep numan alumem areges tapad ayni

tapad nad imahapid tapad gnay narasamep ajrenik ruku tala aud uata utas nagned

.nakisatnemelpmiid tapec nagned

kiab nagned nalajreb narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi lawa pahat haleteS

aletes aynlasim( retsemes aud uata utas nalajreb h ) akam , tapad naahasurep

nagnarukek ikiabrepmem - nagnarukek nad habmanem tapad atres tala ipakgnelem

m uata ruku skirta naahasurep nahutubek nagned iauses narasamep ajrenik narukugnep

.nauhategnep umli nagnabmekrep nad I isatnemelpm narasamep ajrenik narukugnep

races fitatitnauk a kutnu nakukalem ,gnissessa ,gnitaulave gnivorpmi , nad gnicnahne

narasamep ajrenik narasamep ajrenik anam huajes araces iuhatekid tapad aggnihes

.akerem akam ,alolekid nad ,sisilanaid ,nalupmukid lisahreb gnay atad nakrasadreB

arg taubid tapad .TP narasamep ajrenik dnert kif amirP ayaJ gnugA :tukireb iagabes


5

:atad rebmuS .TP PJA

nakukalem nigni silunep ,sata id narapap nakrasadreB luduj nagned naitilenep

isakilpA“ scirteM ytilibatiforP gnitekraM : adap susaK idutS narasameP naigaB TP

amirP ayaJ gnugA kanaitnoP ”.

.B R nasumu M halasa

isatnemelpmi ,aynmulebes nakrapapid halet gnay halasam gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB

kugnep k araces narasamep ajrenik naru u akgna kutneb malad( fitatitna - halada )akgna

mi irad lisaH .naahasurep paites igab gnitnep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelp

itrepes narasamep ruku tala iakamem nagned narasamep IOR gnitekram gnitekram ,

SOR nad )CMN( noitubirtnoc gnitekram ten ajrenik ialinem kutnu rotakidni iagabes

ayaib nakiladnegnem kutnu sugilakes nad narasamep - .narasamep ayaib ini huajeS

naahasurep nanipmip TP amirP ayaJ gnugA nakiladnegnem natilusek imalagnem

narasamep ayaib .aynnarasamep ajrenik rukugnem nad naalumrep iagabeS – pahat

nanipmip ,idajret nikgnum gnay nagnatnir nad lawa TP amirP ayaJ gnugA nigni

sakilpagnem areges narasamep ajrenik ruku tala naki IOR gnitekram“ ,” gnitekram


6

r )SOR gnitekram( selas no nrute nad )CNM( noitubirtnoc ten gnitekram“ .”

naahasureP , t padahre nagned narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi gnitekram

IOR gnitekram , gnitekram( selas no nruter OR )S nad CNM nikgnum tapades raga ini

ayaib nakiladnegnem - .narasamep ajrenik naklamitpognem nad narasamep ayaib

naikimed nagneD adap nakharaid naitilenep anamiagaB“ utiay ,naitilenep naaynatrep

isakilpA P kugne naru K ajreni P arasame n adap TP ?amirP ayaJ gnugA ”

.C halasaM nasatabmeP

nasahabmep ,ini naitilenep malaD isatnemelpmi narasamep ajrenik narukugnep malad

akgna kutneb - nagned )fitatitnauk( akgna .scirtem gnitekram nasahabmep sukoF

halada halasam m ene itilenem nad irusul ayaib ,nalaujnep lisah - abal nad ,ayaib ,

ayaib aynsusuhk - .nalaujnep sativitka nagned gnusgnal gnay ayaib

.D naujuT P naitilene

nagned iauseS t gnay halasam nasumurep nad halasam gnakaleb ratal nakiaruid hale

,aynmulebes naujut ini naitilenep kutnu halada :

.a itileneM uhat iracnem nad anamiagab ajrenik narasamep ayaib - narasamep ayaib

.naahasurep

.b anamiagab nad narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi anamiagaB

ayaib nakiladnegnem - tapad nikgnum inides aggnihes narasamep ayaib

ayaib nakiladnegnem - .narasamep ayaib


7

.E taafnaM P naitilene

ini naitilenep lisaH irebmem tapad taafnam haimli takaraysam nad sinsib ainud igab ,

aynaratnaid :tukireb iagabes

.a igaB isamrofni igolonket nad nauhategnep ,nakididnep ainud

nad siripme tafisreb gnay susak iduts utaus nakapurem ini nasilunep aneraK

naitilenep aggnihes kitpirksed igab hisgnabmus irebmem tapad nakparahid ini

id naitilenep naksurenem nigni gnay akerem igab amaturet ,nauhategnep umli

.amas gnay gnadib

.b TP igaB amirP ayaJ gnugA

tapad naahasurep ragA ayaib isneisife nad narasamep ajrenik iuhategnem - ayaib

alem narasamep edotem nagned narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi iul

ku utiay ,fitatitna scirtem ytilibatiforp gnitekram narukugnep isatnemelpmi lisaH .

gnem tapad narasamep ajrenik g narasamep nahamelek nad nahalasek nakrabma

ib nakiladnegnem tapad naahasurep aggnihes aya - nad narasamep ayaib

.narasamep isgnuf naklamitpognem

.c igaB itilenep

tkarpmem kutnu tala iagabeS ekk iroet na - id amales helorepid halet gnay iroet

nem tapad itilenep aggnihes hailuk ukgnab net sitkarp nauhategnep habma gnat

halasam -m rep ipadahid gnay halasa .naahasu aguj ini naitilenep ,uti nialeS

nakapurem nakiaseleynem kutnu simedaka tarays utas halas margorp 1 atarts iduts

.atrakaygoY ,amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id )1S(


8

II BAB

NAIJAK AKATSUP

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.1 narasameP naitregneP

naahasurep lawa pahat adaP ,isareporeb ialum pesnok isinifed nad narasamep

kaltum .narasamep helo imahapid nad iuhatekid ulrep S k babe narasamep pesno

b kutnu isadnof nakapurem itkarp naknalajnem malad kajipre narasamep k .

lamiskamem aynah kadit narasamep naujuT nak ep akgnaj nalaujnep ipatet kedn

aguj gnajnap akgnaj abal reltoK( ,.la te 002 9 .) “ aynukub malaD uruG ehT

™ediuG gnitekraM ot ,” tteyoB a te l. )3002( silunem G“ isaralked uru - urug

”ainud narasamep tukireb iagabes :

“P !kigetarts uti narasameP !isnese uti narasameP !gnitnep uti narasame

halada narasameP !sinsib lartnes halada narasameP utas - aynutas nalaj

!nahubmutrep ujunem gnay kareggnep nisem halada narasameP

/nakiladnegnem imem !ajrenik uc ( ekraM si gnitekraM !tnatropmi si gnit

!laitnesse !ssenisub ot lartnec si gnitekraM !cigetarts si gnitekraM

!htworg ot htap ylno EHT si gnitekraM enigne eht si gnitekraM sevird taht

ecnamrofrep .) !”

turuneM sneveL ,)0102( p me isasinagro isgnuf halada narasa nalupmukes nad

,isaerkgnem ,nakanacnerem kutnu niasidid gnay sesorp isakinumokgnem nak nad ,

gnay naggnalep nagnubuh nugnabmem nad ilebmep adapek ialin nakhareynem


9

fitkefe arap nad isasinagro nakgnutnugnem aggnihes apur naikimedes gnay

nagnitnepek ukgnamep )sredlohekats( , nakgnades k narasamep pesno halada

utaus pesnok naggnalep nahutubek ihunemem nad imahamem kutnu isasinagro

.ialin isaerk iulalem turuneM reltoK te la ,. ( 02 ,)01 p narasame alolegnem halada

nakgnutnugnem gnay naggnalep nagnubuh , \ upek iulalem abal a naggnalep nas

( spihsnoitaler remotsuc elbatiforp gniganam ..., tiforp ’sremotsuc hguorht

noitcafsitas ). ataK abal ,gnau ialin isatonokreb inis id isatnemelpmi aggnihes

reb narasamep ajrenik narukugnep nagnauek“ tare nagned nagnubuh . reltoK

mep arap kasednem ulales ayaS“ :atakreb )3002( iaynupmem raga rasa alop rikip

)tesdnim( hokok gnay nagnauek ( gnikniht laicnanif ni gnorts ) huggnus atres -

k kuleb kules iuhategnem huggnus nagnaue ( llew yllaicnanif - desrev ) ,... reganam

ek nakisomorpid naka kadit narasamep level anam pot reg uata OEC aiD alibapa

aynnatiak malad kiab gnay nagnauek narikimep nad nalipmartek ikilimem kadit

ren ,sak sura ,nagnauek naropal padahret namahamep nagned nad ,naraggna ,aca

fitatitnauk araces naksalejid nad nakrabajid tapad gnay nasamep ajrenik .”

P ara OEC kadit naka saup kadit nad kiratret alibapa tnediserp eciv gnitekram

tapad halet narasamep fitaisini awhab atakreb takgnit adap iapmas naktakgnitid

asek ad r naggnalep na ( ssenerawa remotsuc ), naggnalep nauhategnep , nasaupek

naggnalep naggnalep satilayol uata T . ipate arap OEC igni huragnep iuhategnem n

narasamep padahret IOR ,)tnemtsevni no nruter( naikimed nagned rasamep arap

)sretekram( kgnubuhgnem ialum surah mep kirtem na kirtem nagned narasa

nagnauek c( itekram rieht gniknil trats tsum sretekram ylrael ot scirtem gn

scirtem laicnanif , .)3002 ,reltoK(


01

narasameP naggnalep halada nemetraped rutkafunam uata m eht si gnitekra

s’ynapmoc emtraped gnirutcafunam remotsuc tn .)9002 ,reltoK( kaynaB

siske narasamep awhab rikipreb gnay naahasurep ada uata anerak u kutn

gnaubmem kirbap utnabmem gnarab - iskudorp lisah gnarab ayn gnay lahadaP .

kutnu nakiridid kirbap uata ada iskudorp inkay ,aynkilabes halada raneb

arasamep gnukudnem n - t ot stsixe gnirutcafunam taht ,esrever eht si hturt eh

nitekram troppus g .)3002 ,reltoK(

imonoke are iD latigid ,ini gnarakes m gnitekra nad nahaburep imalagnem gnades

nagnabmekrep nagned iauses urab hibel gnay isinifed nad kutneb iracnem gnades

monoke i latigid gnay suret - kalojegreb surenem . P ujunem hadus ini nahabure

sitametsis natakednep adapek - hcaorppa citametsys anam id sativitka nad

surah narasamep sativitkudorp tapad naktakgnitid nad rukuid ,nakisinifedid uata

fed si ytivitcudorp gnitekram erehw devorpmi dna derusaem ,deni ( awakukuF te

la ,. .)8002 aneraK aynada rasap nad imonoke nagnukgnil akimanid labolg akam ,

acnem malad fitavoni nad fitaerk tutnutid rasamep iroet ir nad urabret narasamep

igolonket nagned aynnatiak malad inikret narasamep pesnok latigid kutnu

tivitkefe nad isneisife naktakgninem lanoitidart narasamep isgnuf sa ( sesaercni

ni ssenevitceffe dna ycneiciffe snoitcnuf gnitekram lanoitidart te awakukuF(

)8002,.la .

)3002( reltoK turuneM , ada aud nad isneisife naktakgninem kutnu arac

kefe tukireb iagabes narasamep sativit :

1 . neM narasamep isneisife naktakgni nanurunep iulalem sativitka ayaib

M .narasamep isasilamini ,isatropsnart nad isakinumok ,isomorp ayaib atres


11

ucimep rotkaf aumes aynlubmit ayaib ( sesnepxe - revird ) nad ajnaleb

narasamep ( dneps gnitekram ).

2 . naktakgnineM narasamep sativitkefe uata ot i esaercn ssenevitceffe gnitekram

iulalem tapad xim gnitekram fitavonni gnay (m ssenevitceffe gnitekra

xim gnitekram evitcudorp erom a rof hcraes s’ynapmoc eht stneserper ) , id

aynaratna halada itnaggnem isubirtsid iatnar gnay nagned iggnit ayaib

seggnem ,hadner ek nalki gnau re noitaler cilbup , igolonket ispodagnem uata

isamrofni nad isakinumok nad sativitkefe ikiabrepmem tapad gnay ( yb

s ,slennahc tsoc rewol htiw slennahc tsoc rehgih gnicalper sitrevda gnitfih gni

...,snoitaler cilbup otni yenom eht sevorpmi taht ygolonhcet gnitpoda ro

ssenevitceffe noitacinummoc dna noitamrofni s’ynapmoc ).

turuneM narakutrep isgnuf irad iridret narasamep isgnuf ,)0102( sneveL

( snoitcnuf egnahcxe ), kisif isgnuf ( snoitcnuf lacisyhp ) isatilisaf isgnuf nad ,

( snoitcnuf gnitatilicaf ) gnay naigab aumes helo nakisatnemelpmiid tapad surah

naahasurep isasinagro malad helo aynamatu , gnitekram lanretni nemetrapeD .

isalumrofmem narasamep nak nusuynem nad naksumurem , gnitekram - xim

ygetrats .rasap naatnimrep ihunemem kutnu

narasamep nemetrapeD anaskalem alolegnem malad amatu narep nak isgnuf -

narasamep isgnuf ( smrofrep ramirp a y snoitcnuf gnitekram gniganam ni elor ),

usnok nahutubek nakutnenem itrepes sativitka aumes pukacnem gnay ,nem

,kudorp agrah nakpatenem nad isubirtsid iatnar isomorp atres namirignep .

nemelE - isubirtsid iatnar ,agrah ,)kudorp( nemusnok nahutubek itrepes nemele

rignep nad i halada )sP4( isomorp atres ,nam lebairav - lebairav xim gnitekram


21

L( sneve , .)0102 lrep ipateT awhab nakmacid u aynitajes narasamep aynah kadit

helo nakanaskalid narasamep nemetraped rasamep ipatet ajas na surah tapad

aumes ihuragnepmem ad ada gnay nemetraped uhab kutnu naahasurep mal -

habmem .rasap naatnimrep ihunemem u surah nad ulrep urtsuj narasameP

araces raga naahasurep isasinagro malad id ada gnay kepsa paites ihuragnepmem

amasreb - rikimem amas k nahutubek na nemusnok nad m yne ialin nahare

rasameP .nemusnok sativitka malad id gnusgnal araces tabilret surah aguj

kudorp isavoni itrepes nemejanam gnitnep sinsib nagnabmegnep nad urab

( a te reltoK l ,. .)9002

helo nakparetid mizal gnay narasamep isasinagro rutkurts kutneB haubes naahasurep

nagned tubesid gnay narasamep isasinagro malad iD .lanoisgnuf isasinagro halada

,tnemtraped gnitekram gnaroes silaiseps lanoisgnuf iagabreb ihawabmem isasinagro

arasamep sativitka n : Th eht si noitazinagro gnitekram fo mrof nommoc tsom e

eht daeh stsilaiceps lanoitcnuf noitazinagro siht rednU .noitazinagro lanoitcnuf

seitivitca gnitekram suoirav ( reltoK la te ,. .)0102

etrapeD ,narasamep ajrenik sata hunep bawaj gnuggnatreb gnay narasamep nem

isgnuf naknalajnem tapad surah - fitkefe nagned narasamep isgnuf neisife nad

atres tapad nakgnabmegnem xiM gnitekraM detargetnI . ,narasamep kepsa iraD

asamep naruab ala takgnarepes halada nar t d gnay sitkat narasamep tapa

rubelid gnay ,nakiladnekid napaggnat nakirebmem kutnu naahasurep helo

rasap tegrat nanigniek padahret , reltoK( , .)0102 E nemel - nemele xim gnitekram

)narasamep naruab( es gnaruk - gnaruk ayn P4 irad iridret ( ,ecalp ,ecirp ,tcudorp

.)noitomorp tcudorP gnarab isanibmok halada )kudorp( - nakrawatid gnay asaj


31

.rasap tegrat adapek naahasurep m huaj hibeL ( sneveL turune ,)0102 igetarts

naruab iskeles udnamem gnay ,kigol gnay utaus halada narasamep naruab

nu utnetret narasamep t iapacnem kut narasamep nauju ( si ygetarts xim gnitekram

eveihca ot xim gnitekram ralucitrap a fo noitceles eht sediug taht cigol eht

sevitcejbo gnitekram ).

.2 naitregneP P narukugne K ajreni P narasame

,)5002( nehoC turuneM utas halaynah narukugnep - kutnu arac aynutas

em hakapa nad nurunem uata takgninem sesorp utaus ajrenik hakapa imaham

nakiabrep nakadnit nakulrepid . turuneM .la te kralC ,)2002( i us narukugnep

narasamep ajrenik narasamep isitkarp arap taubmem naitahrep nakhilagnem

narasamep ajrenik narukugnep adap akerem padahret nabawaj iagabes

ikiabrepmem kutnu naatnimrep narasamep sativitkudorp naktakgninem nad ,

naahasurep nalisahrebek igab icnuk atak nakapurem narasamep ajrenik babes

.gnajnap akgnaj nupuam kednep akgnaj kiab p naD gnuggnatre nagnauek nabawaj

( laicnanif ytilibitnuocca ) arap igab gnitnep nikames gnay usi idajnem halet

roines rasamep ( sretekram roines ,) babes satiroirp malad iskelferet ini usi

narasamep ajrenik narukugnep iagabes w duju narasamep ajnaleb nailabmegnep

( dneps gnitekram no nruter nad ,) abmekrep padahret lebiderk gnay ruku tala nagn

narasamep ajrenik ( ecnamrofrep gnitekram fo serusaem elbiderc ) nakparahid

gnay narasamep huragnep ilabmek nakhubmunem kutnu atajnes idajnem tapad

id rutnul hadus atam naahasurep fitukeske nad nemejanam pot , ( navilluS’O ,

)7002 . ( dlawnesoR ,)4002 p narukugne itkarp halada narasamep ajrenik k sinsib


41

sativitka nakrasamem nad taubmem pukacnem gnay - d naahasurep sativitka nagne

bawaj gnuggnatreb hibel . adA ,ini sesorp adapek nakirebid gnay halitsi aparebeb

itrepes enik narukugnep narasamep ajr ( m ecnamrofrep gnitekram tnemerusae ),

ajrenik nemejanam narasamep ( m ecnamrofrep gnitekram tnemegana ),

a narasamep satilibatnuk ( a gnitekram ytilibatnuocc ) , m IOR gnitekra , IMOR ro ,

m elbatnuocca gnitekra .”

,)9002( aimooJ turuneM p ajrenik narukugne sesorp utaus halada narasamep

rukugnem sergorp s duskam nagned naujut nad lisah icnuk adap ujunem gnay

lamitpognem nak ,udividni ajrenik isasinagro uata kopmolek . turuneM ehT

gnitekraM naciremA noitaicossA ( 5002 ) , tnemerusaem ecnamrofrep gnitekram

(p rukugne narasamep ajrenik na ) halada rebmus nemejanam sata satilibatnuka

helorepmem kutnu sesorp nad ,sitametsis narasamep ayad lisah nailabmegnep

narasamep isatsevni rukuid asib gnay , ,narasamep isneisife naktakgninem nad

agajnem irabmes k ad satilau naktakgninem n isaroprok ialin .

turuneM ,narasamep natlusnok rraH notgni nad tsnrE & gnuoY itukid gnay p helo

dlanoDcM ( )9002 , “ snok narasamep ajrenik narukugnep pe hakgnal nakapurem

asawagnep adapek nutnunem gnay lawa nakiabrep adapek aynrihka nad n ,

a kadit adnA alibap pad ta kadit adnA itrareb ,utauses rukugnem aynitregnem nad ,

a alibap adnA tapad kadit adnA akam ,aynitregnem tapad kadit .aynisawagnem

a naD akam ,aynisawagnem tapad kadit adnA alibap adnA tapad kadit

aynikiabrepmem .”


51

Co- derosnops aratna gnitekraM naciremA eht noitaicossA nad ,omirpA

.cnI , )5002( iduts nakukalem p padahret narasamep ajrenik narukugne nad

nakakumegnem narasamep ajrenik narukugnep gnukudnem gnay pesnok awhab

nasoborenep halada C fo solis“ - ”sevitucexe slevel naahasurep itrepes akiremA id

taumid gnay adap utroF 0001 en nad 0002 labolG , amaturet gnitekram feihc

)sOMC( sreciffo nopserem fitisop nad nagnabmegnep isakilpa isatnemelpmi

narasamep ajrenik narukugnep A eht fo ydutS ytilibitnuoccA gnitekraM( nacirem

noitaicossA gnitekraM , .)5002 iduts naujuT gnay helo nakukalid T naciremA eh

noitaicossA gnitekraM nad omirpA narasamep ajrenik narukugnep padahret

gnep ayngnitnep nakataynem kutnu halada nad narasamep ajrenik naruku

halasam natiakreb gnay anam fitaisini nakutnenem ;aynnial tiakret narasamep

ugnep nagned rasamep ajrenik naruk isakifitnedignem ;na stifeneb nad nagnatnir

isatnemelpmi naujut padahret narasamep ajrenik narukugnep . sI tagnas gnay u

a halada ini asawed rasamep arap igab gnitnep narukugnep isatnemelpmi isakilp

ujut naksurulem tapad narasamep ajrenik narasamep naujut nad isasinagro na

tapad atres jnem inatabme ajrenik narasamep k nagned nagnauek ajreni

naahasurep : a gningil gnitekram gniknil dna slaog gnitekram dna lanoitazinagro

ecnamrofrep tnatropmi tsom eht era ecnamrofrep laicnanif s’ynapmoc a ot

ussi yadot sretekram gnicaf se cossA gnitekraM naciremA ehT( i noita , .)5002

narasameP gnay ekid hibel umli adap irad ines iagabes lan , isgnuf nakapurem

gnay taroproc gnilap rihka nad nakgnabmegnem imser araces gnay nad ,

sesorp ispodagnem nad dradnats tapad gnay tid ulu irus ukuid nad araces r

uk fitatitna k narukugnep inkay , i nagned narasamep ajren nakanuggnem kinket


61

uk fitatitna tropeR licnuoC OMC ehT( , )5002 . turuneM gnitekraM feihC ehT“

”eporuE fo tropeR licnuoC gnatnet scirteM dna serusaeM ( 5002 ), isgnuf

narasamep races ini amales gnay narasamep sativitka nad sidart a halet lanoi

tapad apnat rasayn ,rukuid adapek kudnut halet gnarakes nailabmegnep iakgnib

nasekret narasamep ajrenik narukugnep sesorp ,gnutihid tapad gnay isatsevni

,kaynab gnay utkaw naksibahgnem ,timur nakapurem ini ipatet ,gnatnanem nad

gnal itkarp isulove malad gnitnep hak narasamep k . ,amas gnay agabmel turuneM

m gnitekra p ecnamrofre m )MPM( tnemerusae roirp iagabes gnadnapid amatu sati

%09 ripmah helo gnitnep nad E gnitekraM evitucex aporE . nitekraM feihC g

MC( sreciffO O) gnarakes imahamem nad rukugnem nigni sini nad isasinagro fitai

akerem : dna ytiroirp tnacifingis a deredisnoc won si ,yduts ruo ot gnidrocca

.sevitucexe gnitekram naeporuE fo %09 tsomla yb evitarepmi feihC s’yadoT

ot tnaw sreciffo gnitekraM dna sevitaitini nwo rieht dnatsrednu dna erusaem

E ehT( noitazinagro ecnamrofreP gnitekraM naeporu , .)5002

.3 talA K rukU ajreni P narasame : gnitekraM M scirte

ada ,)9002( aimooJ turuneM nagnubag aud kniamem gnay nemele na icnuk

gnitnep olegnem malad al p ajrenik atres ,kitilana nad atad inkay ,narasame

skirtam narukugnep nad ( ruof ganam ni elor lacitirc a yalp stnemele gni

dna atad :ecnamrofrep gnitekram scirtem ,scitylana tnemerusaem dna ).

.a kitilanA nad ataD

narukugnep sesorp icnuK seskus gnay narasamep ajrenik ret adap katel

aratna natakapesek aynada maet gnitekram gnatnet nemejanam pot nagned


71

m skirta apa narasamep iakapid naka gnay nad narasamep ajrenik anamiagab

rukuid surah atres :nakisatnemelpmiid na neewteb tnemeerga m dna gnitekra

aet pihsredael eht fo tser eht eb dluohs ecnamrofrep gnitekram woh no m

derusaem , aimooJ( , gnitnep tagnas gnay lawa hakgnal nakapurem inI .)9002

halet narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi awhab nakitsamem anug

nad atad adap sukofreb tapet nad raneb gnay kitilana ( gir eht no desucof th

scitylana dna atad ) . imonoke are adap babeS latigid labolg nagniasrep nad

gnay rasap nanaket nad nagniasrep nagned napadahreb narasamep maet ,ini

gnaduges atres takgninem nikames nakaresreb gnay atad , aimooJ( , .)9002

nem kutnu naupmamek ,uti babes helO mrofsnart isa malad ek atad

maladnem gnay sinsib nad narasamep nauhategnep utaus nakapurem

nasurahek raga atad isife ikiabrepmem kutnu nakanugid tapad tubesret isne

tubesid ini sinejes gnay atad sisilana nad ataD .narasamep sativitkefe nad

a“ ”scitylan akapid nakiladnegnem kutnu i ,narasamep nailabmegnep

raneb nagned nasutupek taubmem ,maladnem gnay kigetarts helorepmem

ad ,tapec nad narasamep ajrenik ikiabrepmem n (d detaicossa eht dna ata

atad siht fo sisylana - scitylana - evird ot desu era gnitekram aelg ,IOR n

na ,snoisiced retteb dna retsaf ekam ,sthgisni cigetarts gnitekram evorpmi d

ecnamrofrep .)

.b Ma narukugneP nad skirt

sirraF turuneM la te . ( ,)6002 m skirta utaus halada gnay ruku metsis

aukgnem rt isakifitn kimanid ,dne a arak uata , k P ..kitsiret sib isitkarp ara sin

m nakanuggnem irta ks ,anemonef naksalejnem kutnu sisongaid babes - ,tabika


81

ab gnay apa iskeyorpmem nad ,naumenep igabreb utkaw id idajret lak

.gnatadnem te reltoK turuneM la . ,)9002( m skirta narasamep uata gnitekram

scirtem halada nay ruku tala takgnarepes nemejanam utnabmem g

isaterpretnignem nad ,nakgnidnabmem ,isakifitnaukgnem narasamep ajrenik .

9002( nosrettaP turuneM ,) m skirta halada utaus radmats kutnu nakukalem

narukugnep ( tnemerusaem rof dradnats eht ), gnay ialin tegrat nakirebmem

surah surep iapacid naaha raga , ep tubesret naahasur adap adareb takgnit uata

s gnay isisop sesku . K p ata narukugne uata m tnemerusae hatnem lisah halada

uata semoctuo war uk sesorp utaus irad isakifitna akgna itrepes - akgna

naahasurep ( srebmun s’ynapmoc ), oisar ,esatnesrep nad tap kalot uata nako

iagabes ruku radnats d padahret ialinid gnay ialin aumes , srettaP( no , .)9002

ajrenik rukugneM amep padahret nakukalid tapad nad gnitnep halada naras

paites ripmah naahasurep , nosrettaP( , .)9002

skirtam apagneM naahasurep helo nakulrepid ? lliW droL ,nosmohT mai

rerutceL ralupoP ,nivleK :tukireb iagabes aynbawajnem

,nakaracib adnA gnades gnay apa rukugnem tapad adnA akiteK“ nad

malad aynnakatagnem akgna kutneb - ,akgna alages uhat adnA itrareb

dnA alibapa ipatet ;nakaracib adnA gnades gnay utauses tapad kadit a

akgna kutneb malad aynnakatagnem tapad kadit nad ,aynrukugnem -

nauhategnep itrareb ,akgna adnA kadit nad gnaruk hisam naksaumem :

idaj asib ipatet ,nauhategnep naalumrep irad lawa ini narikip nad

nauhategnep reb naka nad gnaruk hisam adnA nabmek pahat ujunem g

haimli , ( la te sirraF ,. )6002 .


91

narasamep ajrenik ruku tala kaynab adA , nad etkarp malad adebreb aynk -

adebreb gnay naiakamep naujut kutnu adeb - malad alup adeb iagabreb

anerak naahasurep narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi eb gnutnagr

adap )2002( kralC ,ini sketnok malaD .naahasurep paites nahutubek

yeliR nad relbmA ,narasamep ajrenik ruku tala 02 isakifitnedignem 6002( )

,narasamep ajrenik ruku tala 83 aboc ijugnem naklusugnem )5002( nosdivaD

sirraF ,narasamep ajrenik gnitnep ruku tala 01 la te . naklusugnem )6002(

irad hibel 05 scirtem gnitekram atet nakamatugnem hibel ip naanuggnep

scirtem draobhsad“ ” e id labolg inomoke nad tatek nagniasrep ar , te reltoK

la . ( naklusugnem )0102 sinej 01 narasamep ajrenik ruku tala . ada nupikseM

tala kaynab -a kugnep isatnemelpmi ,narasamep ajrenik ruku tal ajrenik naru

amirP ayaJ gnugA TP adap narasamep aynah tala iakamem ruku ajrenik

narasamep naklusuid gnay oK helo la te relt . )0102( utiay ,)9002( nosreP nad

m ytilibatiforp gnitekra m scirte irad iridret gnay am“ no nruter gnitekr

tnemtsevni )IOR gnitekram( ,” )SOR gnitekram( selas no nruter gnitekram

nad ”)CMN( noitubirtnoc gnitekram ten“ :tukireb iagabes


02

.2 rabmaG 1 akgnareK : isakilpA narikimeP narasameP ajreniK narukugneP

:yb dengiseD S enyaJ einahpet iweD

.c isatnemelpmI P narukugne K ajreni P narasame

turuneM T eh ,)5002( noitaicossA gnitekraM naciremA d isitkarp arap ini asawe

narukugnep isatnemelpmi sesorp awhab ayacrep narasamep isimedaka nad

nuek irebmem narasamep ajrenik ,naahasurep igab gnitnep gnay nagnut

araces narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi aynada nagned babes

halasam imahamem tapad hibel naka naahasurep nemejanam ,fisneherpmok

nakadnit libmagnem tapad nikgnum inides aggnihes ,ipadahid gnades gnay

ad iskerok nakiabrep n .

k narukugnep isatnemelpmI nakanaskalid surah narasamep ajreni araces

,edoirep ek edoirep irad netsisnok aumes nakutaynem surah naahasurep nad

nemetraped rutkurts , rutluk nad isasinagro atres narajnag nasutupek metsis

malad ek lp noitca na k gnay fiseho ayapus ikiabrepmem tapad nad

etaulavEstluseR

agraH P kokoiskudorP

laeR isasinalaujneP

ekaT C evitcerro

A noitc s

ajreniK narukugnePnarasameP

raM ek gnitP ytilibatifor

M scirte

naropaL & lebaT

abaL - iguR

narasameP ayaiB

& mumU ayaiBisartsinimdA

akgnA - akgna narukugneP

narasameP ajreniK

ataD L nia -L nia kcabdeeF


12

takgninem k na nik ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi ragA .narasamep ajre

rutluk haubes nugnabid ulrep akam ,seskus nad racnal nalajreb narasamep

s gnay amasajrek dilo iagabes lanoiseforp nad krowmaet tubeynem nagned

ej nagned apais sal ( ohw ), anamid ( erehw ), napak ( nehw ), dna anamiagab

( woh ) narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi surah atres isasilaerid

helo gnukudid nanipmip kucup ( anam pots g neme )t naahasurep fitukeske nad ,

itnuoccA gnitekraM( AMA ,ytilib , .)5002 babes helO ,uti reganam narasamep

k ikilimem surah narasamep nailhae (m slliks gnitekra ) s gnay anamiagabe

nakatakid irad roseforp T ,ainavlysnneP fo ytisrevinU ,loohcS notrahW eh

ASU amanreb Ar gnortsm s awhab surah narasamep reganam gnaroe

erem malad nailhaek iaynupmem nagnem ,nakanacn ,isaerkgnem ,sisila

libmagnem eb ,isavitomem ,nasutupek ,isanemelpmi nad ,isakinumokr

nagned tubesid gnay halini nailhaek ytiliba gnitekram , nad ytiliba gnitekram

isisop itapmenem kutnu naahasurep helo iracid gnay halini eciv gnitekram

serp tnedi naahasurep , reltoK( , .)3002 isamrofni natapetek nad nalisahrebeK

i lisah irad narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpm gnutnagreb tagnas

atad isaruka nad atad naaidesretek adap kadit atad ualakiJ .naahasurep

akgna akam ,taruka kadit nad pakgnel - akgna ajrenik narukugnep lisah

narasamep adap fitagen kapmadreb naka ayntabika ,taruka gnaruk idajnem

.gnikam noisiced laireganam ikiabrepid asib ini lah ,naikimed numaN

iju arac nagned - isaulave nakukalid ulrep nad ,atad rebmus padahret gnalis

s iskerok nad race netsisnok a halasek okiser ignurugnem kutnu malad na

naklupmugnem ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi nad ,sisilana ,atad


22

.narasamep nupikseM urab narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi

amatrep tkarpid ilak kke TP adap na amirP ayaJ gnugA , nakparahid numan

sah p ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi li nakirebmem tapad narasame

taafnam kahip kutnu - narukugnep isatnemelpmI .nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip

aynlisah aggnihes netsisnok araces nakanaskalid surah narasamep ajrenik

ib nailadnegnep kutnu lamitpo nad kiab nikames naka atres narasamep aya

.narasamep ajrenik isasilamitpo :tukireb itrepes ayntaafnam nad ruku talA

lebaT .1.2 D : M ratfa skirta P narasame

M ytilibatiforP gnitekraM scirte taafnnam nad naujuT

noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN )CMN( narasamep isubirtnok isrop rukugneM putunem kutnu

isartsinimda & mumu ayaib niales ayaib

M gnitekra selaS no nruteR

( gnitekraM OR S)

rukugneM k ajrenik padahret narasamep hisreb isubirtno

narasamep

gnitekraM tnemtsevnI no nruteR

( gnitekraM IOR )

bmegnep nad narasamep sativitkudorp rukugneM naila

narasamep isatsevni

rukU talA sumuR : 2.2 lebaT narasameP

scirteM ytilibatiforP gnitekraM sumuR

noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN )CMN( teN S sela – tsoC noitcudorP – sesnepxE gnitekraM

no nruteR gnitekraM S sela ( gnitekraM

)SOR

noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN : selas teN

tnemtsevnI no nruteR gnitekraM

)IOR gnitekraM(

noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN : sesnepxE gnitekraM


32

.d E isaulav K ajreni P narasame

araces nakitkarpid surah narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmI

netsisnok iatresid naidumek e rasamep ajrenik isaulav na ( gnitaulave

ecnamrofrep gnitekram ). aguj narasamep ajrenik isaulavE surah naktiakid

nagned v sisylana ecnaira ualakij aggnihes et nagnapmiynep idajr -

,nagnapmiynep t akam iskerok nakadni )snoitca noitcerroc( .nakukalid surah

arab hadus ini iskerok nakadniT abrepmem tapad naka utnet gn ki i

nagnarukek - .narasamep naigab nagnarukek

.B naitileneP niaseD

,sata id silutret halet gnay anamiagabeS ik ruku tala kaynab ada nad narasamep ajren

etkarp malad adebreb aynk - adebreb gnay naiakamep naujut kutnu adeb - alup adeb

alad narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi anerak naahasurep iagabreb m

)2002( kralC ,ini sketnok malaD .naahasurep paites nahutubek adap gnutnagreb

ijugnem )6002( yeliR nad relbmA ,narasamep ajrenik ruku tala 02 isakifitnedignem

p ajrenik ruku tala 83 aboc ruku tala 01 naklusugnem )5002( nosdivaD ,narasame

la te sirraF ,narasamep ajrenik gnitnep . 05 irad hibel naklusugnem )6002( gnitekram

scirtem atet nakamatugnem hibel ip naanuggnep ”scirtem draobhsad“ e id ar

,labolg inomoke nad tatek nagniasrep a te reltoK l. ( naklusugnem )0102 sinej 01 tala

narasamep ajrenik ruku tala kaynab ada nupikseM . - ,narasamep ajrenik ruku tala

amirP ayaJ gnugA TP adap narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi aynah

narasamep ajrenik ruku tala iakamem naklusuid gnay la te reltoK helo . )0102( nad

eP a utiay ,)9002( nosr m ytilibatiforp gnitekra m scirte irad iridret gnay gnitekram“


42

tnemtsevni no nruter ,)IOR gnitekram( ” )SOR gnitekram( selas no nruter gnitekram

nad ”)CMN( noitubirtnoc gnitekram ten“ :tukireb iagabes

tapad gnay anamiagabeS id malad tupni nakapurem gnay ,sata id rabmag adap tahil

atad halada ini naitilenep - laujep isasilaer ianegnem atad ayaib ,narasamep ayaib ,na

nial atad nad ,nalaujnep kokop agrah ,isartsinimda nad mumu - naveler gnay nial

huruleS .ini naitilenep sketnok malad atad - lebat malad taubid naidumek tubesret atad

igur naropal nad - naklisahgnem gnay narasamep ajrenik narukugnep nakgnadeS .abal

agna apureb tuptuo - tuptuO .sesorp nakapurem narasamep ajrenik narukgnep akgna

tubesret renik hakapa isaulavegnem kutnu nakanugid kiab hadus narasamep naigab aj

fitkerok nakadnit asarid akiJ .naktakgnitid uata ikiabrepid surah gnay ada hisam uata

tapad narasamep naigab atreseb naahasurep nipmimep akam ,nakulrepid

nakhacemem kutnu isanidrookreb nahalasamrep - gnay narasamep nahalasamrep

nagned tubesret naitahrep nakulremem aynutas halas ilabmek uajninem gnitekram

scirtem ytilibatiforp uata/nad atad - ayaib ,narasamep ayaib ,nalaujnep isasilaer atad


52

nad ,iskudorp kokop agrah ,isartsinimda nad mumu atad - .naveler gnay nial atad

dniT kerok naka idajnem tubesret fit kcabdeef igab scirtem ytilibatiforp gnitekram nad

ayaib ,narasamep ayaib ,nalaujnep isasilaer atad kokop agrah ,isartsinimda nad mumu

atad nad ,iskudorp - .aynnial naveler atad


62

III BAB

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM

.A eneP sineJ naitil

susak iduts halada nakukalid gnay naitilenep sineJ nakukalid gnay naitilenep utiay ,

usak iduts edotem utaus nakanuggnem nagned TP naahasurep adap kitpirksed s

isaulaveid nad ,sisilanaid ,haloid naidumek helorepid gnay ataD .amirP ayaJ gnugA

es kutnu .naitilenep nalupmisek utaus kiratid ayntujnal

.B kejbuS nad naitileneP kejbO

Ad :halada ini naitilenep kejbo nad kejbus idajnem gnay nupa

.1 kejbuS P naitilene

nak nad kirbap halada naitilenep kejbus idajnem gnaY TP tasup rot ayaJ gnugA

P amir ep nemetraped atres gnay atad naklupmugnem kutnu kiab ,narasam

aracnawaw nupuam naitilenep malad nakulrepid reganam nad ffats nagned

.narasamep

.2 kejbO P naitilene

nagnauek atad nad narasamep naigab atad halada naitilenep kejbo idajnem gnaY

reb gnay aynnial atad atres naahasurep itrepes ini naitilenep naujut nagned natiak

ayaib - .naahasurep lanoisarepo ayaib


72

.C naitileneP isakoL nad utkaW

naitilenep isakoL .gnarakes iapmas 1102 nuhat kajes ialumid hadus ini naitileneP

aiS 81 mK riliH kojoW .lJ id rotnak nad kirbap isakol adap katelret ,riliH natn

.taraB natnamilaK ,kanaitnoP

.D ataD rebmuS

:itupilem ini naitilenep amales halorepid gnay atad nupadA

.1 ataD P remir

p helo gnusgnal araces helorepid gnay atad halada remirp ataD nad kirbap id itilene

TP rotnak utipaker atad itrepes amirP ayaJ gnugA ayaib nad nalaujnep isal

naidumek kutnu tujnal hibel itiletid nad isakifisalkid ulrep gnay narasamep

,lebat kutneb malad narasamep ayaib nad nagnauek naropal nususid nad alolekid

rabmag - .kifarg nad rabmag

.2 rednukeS ataD

radnukes ataD gnauek naropal itupilem naahasurep ajrek aganet nad naahasurep na

nahab iagabes amaturet ,ini naitilenep naujut nagned aynnatiak ada gnay

.remirp atad gnidnabmep

.E ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

y atad nalupmugnep kinkeT gna halada nakukalid ilak amatrep yduts yrotarolpxe raga

repid tapad mag helo gnatnet salej gnay narab naahasurep nahasamrep araces

nahurulesek , narasamep nemetraped aynsusuhk nad iskudorp K . naktujnalid naidume


82

nagned hcraeser yrotarolpxe ,salej hibel gnay pesnok nakgnabmegnem kutnu nad

isagitsevni epo nad sativitka padahret narasamep lanoitar ,salej gnay metsis / edotem

.ini amales nakitkarpid gnay narasamep igetarts nad atad yramirP ,narasamep

amaturet sredro esahcrup ,tcartnoc selas atres ,nalaujnep isasilaer ratfad nad

atad yradnoces arasamep ayaib ,nagnauek naropal itrepes ayaib nad )isomorp( n

edotem iulalem naklupmukid lisahreb lanoitarepo hcraeser yrotarolpxe nad yevrus .

O noitavresb narasamep nemetraped nataigek , kirbap nad gnarab namirignep naigab

,fitatilauk tafisreb nupualaw gnay nakukalid p tcejbo imahamem hibel anug naitilene

atres ipakgnelem kutnu nad ssorc - kcehc atad padahret hadus gnay lupmukret .

.F F suko P nasahabme

adap sukof nasahabmeP narasamep sativitka amirP ayaJ gnugA TP nad irusulenem

p naitilene nad narasamep ajrenik ayaib - narasamep ayaib arukugnep kepsa irad n

rotkaf nad ,narasamep ajrenik - ajrenik aynkian nurut adap kapmadreb gnay rotkaf

malad susuhk naropal nusuynem ,lupmukret gnay atad nakrasadreB .narasamep

lebat kutneb - narukugnep isatnemelpmi nagnitnepek nagned nakiausesid gnay lebat

.narasamep ajrenik koF ini nasahabmep su aguj skirtam isakilpa itupilem ek narasamep

malad narukugnep isatnemelpmi narasamep ajrenik .

.G edoteM gnay D kutnu iakapi M nakanaskale P aitilene n

.1 pxE l yrotaro , S ievru L nagnapa O nad , isavresb

,hcraeser yrotarolpxE s p nad ievru natamagne ret padah vitka sati k nad nataige

nemetraped narasamep metsis nad sesorp , kudorp ,iskudorp idaj naklisahid gnay ,


92

vitka arepo nataigek nad kosamep sati s naklupmugnem anug naahasurep lanoi

nakosap nakosap iatnar naitilenep naujut kutnu rednukes atad nad remirp atad

ik narukugnep isatnemelpmi nad n narasamep ajre .

.2 isuksiD I ad fitkaretn n weivretnI

kutnU ssorc - kcehc nakukalid ,lupmukret hadus gnay atad ipakgnelem nad

i weivretn rutkurtsret nad rutkurtsret kadit - ,weivretni derutcurtsnu

urtsimes i derutcurts dna derutc weivretn laudividni nad kopmolek araces , kiab

nagned mep reganam ,narasamep naigab ffats narasa , naahasurep rutkerid nad

iracnem kutnu atad nad isamrofni nagned nagnubuhreb gnay nahabmat naitilenep

ini .

.H hakgnaL -L hakgna P naitilene

1 . aeser yrotarolpxE hcr TP nemejanam padahret A amirP ayaJ gnug , amaturet

,narasamep kitkarp tukgnaynem metsis ,gnarab redro edotem nad iskudorp

namirignep iuhategnem kutnu kajej maker nad sativitka gnisam - naigab gnisam

iagabes nad lawa pahat alupmugnep s atad nad remirp atad n .rednuke

2 . isavresbo nad nagnapal ievruS pakgnelep iagabes padahret adap naitilenep edotem

isavresbo iulalem susak imaladnem anug ,lawa pahat nad weivretni , id amaturet

mep nemetraped a naras kutnu atad nalupmugnep uata nahabmat atad iracnem

nad ,urab utnu k ssorc - kcehc atad atad padahret nay lupmukret hadus g

aynmulebes .

3 . sinej nagned iauses lupmukret gnay atad isakifsalkgnem ,iskeleynem ,askiremeM

.aynnakutnurep nad


03

4 . kutnu halialumid ,pakgnel nad raneb hadus gnay atad nakrasadreB nusuynem

lebat - lebat isatnemelpmi isaulavegnem nagnitnepek kutnu susuhk naropal nad

.narasamep ajrenik narukugnep

5 . lebat nanusuynep nakukalem haleteS - nad isaulave nakukalid ,naropal nad lebat

arac nagned tubesret aratnemes naropal nad atad naranebek ijugnem ssorc - kcehc

ek .ilabmek.naahasurep

6 . pahat itawelem haleteS akgnal uata h ek - halada rihkaret hakgnal akam ,sata id 5

.narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi ialinem


13

VI BAB

NAITILENEP KEJBUS MUMU NARABMAG

.A naahasureP nagnabmekreP nad harajeS

ayaJ gnugA TP nahab gnadib id karegreb gnay rutkafunam naahasurep halada amirP

utnip nuad idajnem uyak ukab gnidluom ,)rood dilos( .aynnanurut atres ini naahasureP

ned 8991 nuhat adap nakiridid pR rotesid gnay lawa ladom nag ,000.000.005.21 - .

tkerid nediserP halada aynru B alum lawa adaP .ABM ,otnatraH yduR .rI kapa

isareporeb 8991 nuhat adap - 0002 ujnep ialin latot , pR rasikreb naahasurep nala

0.1 ,000.000.00 00 iapacnem hadus aynnalaujnep tezmo gnarakeS . sata id pR

,000.000.000.2 00 .aynnalub paites

.B P isakoL naahasure

hasureP ini rutkafunam naa id isakolreb J 81 mK riliH kojoW nala , ,kanaitnoP

.taraB natnamilaK p isakoL araum ipet id adareb ini kirba S nad saupaK iagnu L tua

ihes takgnuJ a ikilimem ini naahasurep aggn sk kutnu kiab gnay isatropsnart se

nart nad ukab nahab natukgnagnep ini naahasurep ,uti gnipmas iD .idaj kudorp isatrops

.gnarab taum rakgnob nahubalep ujunem kirbap irad ayar nalaj seska ikilimem aguj

.C naahasureP isiM nad isiV

ynnanipmip turunem naahasurep isim nad isiV a :halada


23

.1 meM arethajesnem nad napudihek ireb aysam nak amaturet ,tapmetes taktar

nawayrak - gnay pudih nagnukgnil nakitahrepmem nagned naahasurep nawayrak

.tahes

.2 taraB natnamilaK haread nanugnabmep malad atres tukI

.D naahasureP isasinagrO rutkurtS

TP halada amirP ayaJ gnugA ilimid aynmahas gnay satabret naoresrep iasaukid nad ik

naahasurep nakub nad agraulek .cilbup og arap adap adareb iggnitret naasaukeK

ini naahasurep numaN .naahasurep mahas ikilimem gnay sirasimok nawed nad iskerid

nipmip( lanoisseforp aganet helo alolekid urem nakub gnay )naahasurep na akap n

ggna tafisreb naahasurep isasinagro rutkurtS .mahas gnagemep arap agraulek ato

ad gnay lanoisgnuf tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid tap :

rotceriD tnediserP

reganaM lareneG

& gnitnuoccAreganaM ecnaniF

tnemerucorPreganaM

RHreganaM

gnitekraMreganaM

& sriaffA lareneGreganaM ytiruceS

yrotcaFreganaM


33

.E kudorP - lisahiD gnay kudorP nak naahasureP

TP naahasurep amatu kudorP nuad irad iridret amirP ayaJ gnugA gnidluom nad utnip

usreb gnay itnarem uyak rtsudni namanat natuh irad rebm i gnawakgnet uyak nad )ITH(

apureb aynnanurut kudorP .taykar nanubekrep irad rebmusreb gnay rutinruf e nad

aynnial sinejes taubmep babes utnenem kadit aguj nad kaynab kadit halmuj gnay na

nahab asis iakamem aynah tubesret kudorp . nakrasadreb ajrekeb kirbap aynrasad adaP

ladnah gnay narasamep aganet nakulremem naahasurep aggnihes ,ilebmep nanasep

.iregen raul nad iregen malad rasap/ilebmep iracnem kutnu utnip nuad amatu kudorP

rad iridret :naruku i

mm001.2 x mm009/008/007/006 x mm53

mm001.2 x mm009/008/007/006 x mm04

bmaj rooD ynnaruku )utnip akgnarek( .ilebmep nanasep nagned iauses a

nautas nakrasadreb kudorp lauj agraH eceip iauses isairavreb aynagrah nad ,)rabmel(

fiseps ,satilauk ,naruku .ilebmep/rasap naatnimrep nagned atres ledom/fitom ,isaki


43

B BA V

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

.A naitileneP lisaH

atad padahret naitilenep lisaH hatnem )atad war( ,sisilanaid haletes nad ,naahasurep

lebat kutneb malad nususid nad ,isakifisalkid seS . halet gnay atad nagned iau

naujut kutnu nagnauek naropal halnususid naidumek ,sisilanaid nad naklupmukid

ini naitilenep :tukireb iagabes

aT bel 5 1. : 1102 2Q ot 0102 1Q sretrauQ 6 rof noitazilaeR selaS

snoitpircseD .pR selaS noitcudorPtsoC nigraM ssorG gnitekraM

sesnepxE & lareneG

mdA noitartsini tiforP teN

0102 1Q 000,267,246,5 060,049,455,3 049,128,780,2 000,550,014 000,512,923 049,155,483,1

0102 2Q 000,001,590,3 000,468,089,1 000,632,411,1 000,328,753 000,059,532 000,364,025

0102 3Q 000,000,844,2 ,1 000,061,046 000,048,708 000,909,973 006,719,002 004,310,722

0102 4Q 000,000,035,1 000,004,040,1 000,006,984 000,576,073 000,788,112 )000,269,29(

1102 1Q 000,004,531,5 000,087,495,3 000,026,045,1 000,013,077 009,154,773 001,858,293

1102 2Q 000,003,183,3 000,790,333,2 000,302,840,1 000,349,173 005,179,581 005,882,094 :atad rebmuS .TP A amirP ayaJ gnug

ataD t leba 5 a tujnal hibel icnirid ulrep 1. salej nagned imahapid nad tahilid tapad rag

isubirtnok nad ayaib ,narasamep ajrenik anam huajes abal ilret itrepes adap tah

g rabma 5.1 inkay , “ ayaib ,nalujnep isasilaer margotsih - abal nad ,ayaib ” iagabes

:tukireb


53

rabmaG 5.1 R : L nad ayaiB ,nalaujneP isasilae 0102 1Q amales aba – 1102 2Q

)000.000.000.1(

-

000.000.000.1

000.000.000.2

000.000.000.3

000.000.000.4

000.000.000.5

000.000.000.6

0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q

.pR selaS

tsoC noitcudorP

nigraM ssorG

sesnepxE gnitekraM

.mdA & lareneG

tiforP teN

lebat atad nakrasadreB 5 1. bmag taubid tapad akam , ajrek isasilaer kolab ra

uata narasamep noitazilaer selas k 6 amales u 0102 1Q( latra – turutreb )1102 2Q - turut

:tukireb iagabes

tapad ragA imahapid itra malad narasamep ajrenik uata nalaujnep dnert hara anam ek

am ,nurunem uata takgninem ad nakrasadreb ak ( amas gnay at t leba 5 tapad )1. taubid

:tukireb iagabes narasamep ajrenik kifarg


63

0000.000.000.1000.000.000.2000.000.000.3000.000.000.4000.000.000.5000.000.000.6

1Q0102

2Q0102

3Q0102

4Q0102

1Q1102

2Q1102

kifarG 5 sretrauQ 6 rof scihparg selaS : 1.1102/0102

selaS

,kifarg malad ek isrevnokid apur naikimedes halet gnay naahasurep atad nakrasadreB

s idajret 0102 nuhat tapmeek latrauk iapmas amatrep latrauk amale nanurunep

nalaujnep ujunem tapmeek latrauk irad numaN .aynlatrauk paites id amatrep latrauk

.aynmulebes latrauk irad nakifingis gnay nalaujnep nakianek idajret ,1102 nuhat naD

02 audek latrauk ek 1102 nuhat amatrep latrauk irad utiay ayntukireb latrauk id 11

.nalaujnep nanurunep idajret

seussI halada laisurk gnilap gnay itilenem gnuggnatrep nabawaj narasamep

( gnitekram )ytilibisnopser padahret dneps gnitekram nad ecnamrofrep gnitekram

iulalem p nagnidnabre ayaib aratna - iagabes narasamep ayaib stupni k nagned ajreni

iagabes narasamep stuptuo neb malad ( margotsih rabmag kut g rabma 5.3 iagabes )

:tukireb


73

abmaG r 5.3 a nagnidnabreP margotsiH : narasameP ajreniK aratn nad ayaiB narasameP

yaib halmuj ,1102 audek latrauk iapmas 0102 nuhat amatrep latrauk gnajnapeS gnay a

ulalret kadit narasamep nataigek nakukalem kutnu naahasurep nakraulekid

latrauk adap ilaucek ,amas gnay akgna id adareb ripmah aynhalmuj uata isautkulfreb

naahasurep nakraulekid gnay narasamep ayaib halmuj anamid 1102 nuhat amatrep

inem tikides kaga latrauk id narasamep ayaib halmuj adapirad kaynab hibel uata takgn

.nial gnay

,libats fitaler ripmah aynlatrauk paites id naahasurep narasamep ayaib nupualaW

narasamep ajrenik nakkujnunem tapad gnusgnal kadit araces gnay nalaujnep akgna

utkulfreb gnurednec nanurunep idajret tapmes latrauk aparebeb id nakhab isa

.nalaujnep

reB atad nakrasad t leba 5 araces ,1. tisilpske ecnamrofrep ssenisub ajrenik pukacnem(

ayaib ,narasamep - abal nad ,ayaib 02 2Q nagned iapmas 0102 1Q amales ) tapad 11

( kifarg taubid g kifar 5 )2. iagabes aynnagnidnabrep salej nagned tahilret aggnihes

:tukireb


83

id kifarG kudorp nalaujnep lisah halmuj aratna nagnidnabrep nakkujnunem sata

,isartsinimda nad mumu ayaib ,narasamep ayaib ,iskudorp ayaib ,haipur nautas malad

nad ahasurep hisreb nagnutnuek nakraulekid halet gnay ayaib tahilret utis iraD .na

nakifingis araces kadit narasamep nataigek nakukalem kutnu naahasurep

.nalaujnep karkgnodnem

.H narasameP ajreniK narukugneP isatnemelpmI

I atnemelpm narasamep ajrenik narukugnep is ep nagned iuluhadid surah napaiyn

k naropal nagnaue (t leba 5 )2. rukugnem , :tukireb iagabes narasamep ajrenik


93

lebaT 5 reniK naropaL : 2. K 6 amaleS tulosbA narasameP aj u latra 0102 - 1102

snoitpircseD 0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q

.pR selaS

0,267,246,5 00

000,001,590,3

000,000,844,2

000,000,035,1

000,004,531,5

000,003,183,3

tsoC noitcudorP

060,049,455,3

000,468,089,1

000,061,046,1

000,004,040,1

000,087,495,3 000,790,333,2

nigraM ssorG

049,128,780,2

,632,411,1 000

000,048,708

000,006,984

000,026,045,1

000,302,840,1 gnitekraM

sesnepxE

000,550,014

000,328,753

000,909,973

000,576,073

000,013,077

000,349,173

.mdA & lareneG

000,512,923

000,059,532

006,719,002

000,788,112

009,154,773

005,179,581

tiforP teN

049,155,843,1

000,364,025

004,310,722

)000,269,29(

001,858,293

005,882,094 : atad rebmuS .TP A amirP ayaJ gnug

atad nakrasadreB t leba 5 akamem nagned nad .2. i em gnitekram scirt alumrof iagabes

narasamep ajrenik ruku tala I . narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpm tala nagned

gnitekram scirtem ytilibatiforp :halada

.1 gnitekraM P eM ytilibatifor scirt

kugnep isatnemelpmI irad iridret gnay narasamep ajrenik naru gnitekram ten

noc ,)CMN( noitubirt ,SOR gnitekram nad IOR gnitekram tala iakamem nagned

u ruk gnitekram rp o em ytilibatif scirt (t 2.2 leba atad nad ) t leba 5 2. , :tukireb iagabes

.a )CMN( noitubirtnoC gnitekraM teN

lebaT 5.3 : akgnA )CMN( noitubirtnoC gnitekram teN

scirteM .P .M 0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q CMN 049,667,776,1 000,314,657 000,139,724 000,529,811 000,013,077 000,062,676


04

dnerT c gnitekram ten noitubirtno naahasurep adap amirP ayaJ gnugA TP

tapmeek latrauk iapmas 0102 nuhat amatrep latrauk irad nurunem gnurednec

,naikimed nupikseM .0102 nuhat c gnitekram ten noitubirtno imalagnem

latrauk id aynrihka adap nupualaw 1102 nuhat amatrep latrauk id natakgninep

em 1102 nuhat audek .nurun

.b )SOR gnitekraM( selaS no nruteR gnitekraM

akgnA - halada audek gnay narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi akgna

selas no nruter gnitekram (t leba 5.4 :tukireb iagabes )

lebaT 5.4 akgnA : -A akgn M SOR gnitekra

scirteM .P.M 0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 2 4Q 010 1102 1Q 1102 2Q SOR gnitekraM %03 %42 %71 %8 %51 %02

d lebat adap tahilreT nanurunep idajret awhab sata i m SOR gnitekra paites

.aynlatrauk ,0102 nuhat amatrep latrauk iD m SOR gnitekra rasebes naahasurep

nurunep idajret ayntukireb latrauk id numaN .%03 nakifingis pukuc gnay na

nuhat agitek latrauk id % 71 ,0102 nuhat audek latrauk adap %42 rasebes utiay

utiay 0102 nuhat tapmeek latrauk id idajret hadner gnilap gnay nad ,0102


14

nupikseM .%8 rasebes natakgninep idajret ,naikimed m SOR gnitekra latrauk id

trep gnisam utiay 1102 audek latrauk nad 1102 nuhat ama - %51 rasebes gnisam

.%02 nad

akgna iraD - akgna t leba 5.4 dnert kifarg taubid tapad naidumek SOR gnitekram

:tukireb iagabes

.c )IOR gnitekraM( tnemtsevnI no nruteR gnitekraM

ep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmI isatsevni nailabmegnep padahret narasam

narasamep )IOR gnitekram( itrepes t leba 5.5 :tukireb

lebaT 5.5 akgnA : - IOR gnitekraM akgna

scirteM .P.M 0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q IOR gnitekraM %904 %112 %311 %23 %001 %281

lisah nakrasadreB narasamep ajrenik narukugnep – lebaT 5.4 : ,IOR gnitekraM

taubid tapad g kifar 5.5 :tukireb iagabes IOR gnitekraM dnerT :


24

nakrasadreB nanurunep idajret ,sataid 5.5 kifarg m IOR gnitekra 0102 1Q irad

,naikimed nupikseM .0102 4Q iapmas 2 2Q iapmas 0102 4Q id idajret 110

adap nakianek m IOR gnitekra .

.I nasahabmeP

nakrasadreB nad sesorpid naktujnales gnay naitilenep id naropal nusus - naropal

kifarg ,rabmag ,lebat kutneb malad narasamep naropal nad nagnauek akgna nad , -

jrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi lisah akgna samep a aynnasahabmep akam ,nara

:tukireb iagabes

.1 fisneherpmoK araceS narasameP ajreniK kifarG nad rabmaG nasahabmeP

narasamep ajrenik isasilaeR gnay bret idajret kia 0102 1Q adap ( pR

5 00.267.246. 00, ) abal isubirtnok nagned pR .00,049.155.843.1 K narasamep ajreni

ap Q ad 1 1102 nalaujnep takgnit nagned pR abal isubirtnok ipatet 00,00.004.531.5

idajnem nurunem pR nagned nakgnidnabid majat nurunem inkay 00,001.858.293

Q hisreb abal isubirtnok tahil( 0102 1 t leba 5 nad 1. g margotsih rabma 5 5. .) K ajreni


34

gnilap gnay narasamep takgnit nagned inkay ,0102 4Q adap idajret kurub

majat nurunem gnay nalaujnep ( pR 00,000.000.035.1 ) rasebes naigurek nad ( pR

00,000.269.29 .) isatserP naahasurep nad narasamep ajrenik fisneherpmok araces

hilret margotsih rabmag adap salej ta 5.5 reb iagabes :tuki

.2 narasameP ajreniK narukugneP isatnemelpmI nasahabmeP

ruku tala nagned narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmI m gnitekra

p ytilibatifor m scirte isahgnem l akgna nak - akgna n te m gnitekra co )CMN( noitubirtn ,

SOR gnitekram IOR gnitekram nad kireb iagabes :tu

scirteM ytilibatiforP gnitekraM CMN : SOR gnitekraM , nad IOR gnitekraM

rukugnep lisah isalutipakeR pes narasamep ajrenik na adap acabret gnay itre t leba

5.6 :tukireb iagabes


44

lebaT 5.6 akgnA : - narasameP ajreniK narukugneP isatnemelpmI akgna

ilibatiforP scirteM yt 0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q CMN

049,667,776,1 000,314,657 000,139,724 000,529,811 000,013,077 000,062,676 SOR gnitekraM 03 % 42 % 71 % 8% 51 % 02 %

IOR gnitekraM 904 % 112 % 311 % 23 % 001 % 281 %

ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmI akgna kutneb malad narasamep - epes akgna itr

adap aretret gnay t leba 5.6 awhab nakujnunem sata id n te m gnitekra c noitubirtno

idajret iggnit gnilap gnay )CMN( pR rasebes inkay ,0102 1Q adap

00,049.667.776.1 kifarg nad 5.6 , pacnem aggnih suret nurunem naidumek kitit ia

0102 4Q adap ridan kifarg tahil( 5.6) pR rasebes inkay , apA .00,000.529.811

?aynbabes M kepsa irad narasamep ajrenik aynnurune n te c noitubirtno m nigra

)CMN( helo nakbabesid 0102 4Q adap m OR gnitekra I nad m SOR gnitekra gnay

ulalret %23 inkay ,licek tahil( t leba 5.6 ,tahes gnay naahasurep paites ,aynlaedI .)

takgnit IOR gnitekram nad ,%001 sata id surah raseb nikames m OR gnitekra I

al naklisahgnem naahasurep naupmamek alup raseb nikames ,aynrasad adaP .ab

ilak paites am SOR gnitekr s naka itsap ,takgninem helo itukiid arege gnitekram

IOR nial atak nagned uata surah aynaudek amas - ,takgninem amas nagned

.alup raseb nikames naka abal helorepmem naupmamek naikimed aynsalej kutnU

tahilid tapad kifarg adap 5.6 nad lebat nad 5.7 ab id aw h :ini


54

ab naksalejid haleT naklisahgnem utnet muleb raseb gnay nalaujnep ialin latot awh

latot helo nakutnetid aynah kadit abal aynlicek raseb anerak alup raseb gnay abal

.isarepo ayaib nad iskudorp ayaib latot helo nakutnetid aguj ipatet ,nalaujnep ialin

gnilap narasamep nemetrapeD nad ,narasamep ayaib padahret bawaj gnuggnatreb

ayaib nakenem arac nagned narasamep naraulegnep ihuragnepmem tapad akerem

kadit gnay narasamep ayaib naraulegnep nakgnalihgnem nakhab uata narasamep

a ulrep nay ayaib nabeb ,naikimed nagneD .fitkefe kadit uat gnuggnatid g

abal helorepmem natapmesek aggnihes )nagnir( licek nikames naka naahasurep

narasamep ayaib anamiagaB .alup raseb nikames naka TP amirP ayaJ gnugA amales

0102 1Q – aH ?1102 2Q adap tahilid tapad ini l t leba 5.7 :tukireb iagabes


64

lebaT 5.7 iB : aya - ib amaleS narasameP aya 0102 1Q – 1102 2Q

nagnareteK 0102 1Q 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q

hapu & ijaG 000,929,231 000,421,121 000,519,711 000,728,121

000,724,481

000,564,171

.lld ,fitnesni & sunoB 000,021,53 000,229,51 000,452,51 ,01 000,452

000,055,83

000,899,62

.lld,tenretni & xaf ,pleT 000,471,86 000,226,07 000,965,37 000,598,86

000,589,58

000,553,86

nanalajreP - isadomoka 000,542,73 000,657,83 000,049,84 000,811,53

000,219,541

000,615,83

naluagrep ayaiB 000,758,33 000,228,62 000,866,93 000,187,72

13 000,588,5

000,059,33

naremap & isibiskE 000,541,64 000,541,14 000,541,64 000,511,94

7 000,199,5

-

.lld ,kudorp hotnoC 000,833,71 000,539,5 000,982,8

-

000,556,52

-

rotnak napakgnelreP 000,288,02 000,238,71 000,366,51 000,617,92

000,059,83

000,199,12

niaL - narasamep nial 000,563,81 000,566,91 000,664,41 000,969,72

000,559,83

000,866,01

asameP ayaiB latoT nar 000,550,014 000,328,753 000,909,973 000,576,073

000,013,077

000,349,173

iraD t leba 5.7 hapu nad ijag halada rasebret narasamep ayaib isrop awhab tahilret

atar iapacnem gnay narasamep naigab - ta id atar paites haipur atuj sutares sa

ku nad ,aynlatra s iD .atuj hulupes sata id fitnesni/sunob isakinumok ayaib ,nial isi

let( nope nad ,naluagrep ayaib ,isadomoka & sanid nanalajrep ayaib ,)tenretni ,xaf ,

uata naketid surah nikgnum tapades aggnihes ,raseb pukuc aguj halada naremap

lihid nakhab uata ignarukid ayaib nad naremap ayaib aynlasim itrepes ,nakgna

akinumok ayaiB .nakukalid gnires ulalret gnay sanid nalajrep is ayaib nad

.ignarukid asib hisam aguj naluagrep asamep ayaib isroporp nahuruleseK apad nar t

adap tahilid g rabma 5.6 :tukireb iagabes


74

rabmaG 5.6 : otsiH marg S narasameP ajnaleB 0102 1Q amale – 1102 2Q

iraD g rabma 5.6 nilap gnay narasamep ayaib awhab tahilret 1Q adap idajret raseb g

pR 1102 raseb gnilap gnay ayaib isroporp 1102 1Q amales anerak 00,000.013.077

ib & isadomoka halada anid nanalajrep aya pR rasebes s ayaib nad 00,000.219.541

pR rasebes naluagrep aynmulebes edoirep adaP .00,000.588.531 )0102 4Q( ayaib

adomoka R aynah sanid nanalajrep nad is p edoirep adap itrareb inI .00,000.811.53

lem sanid nanalajrep nad isadomoka ayaib )1102 1Q( ayntukireb majat kian tije

.)%004( tapil ilak 4 irad hibel ripmah rasebes ep ayaib aguj naikimeD 4Q naluagr

pR irad tijelem 0102 rasebes idajnem 00,000.187.72 pR rasebes 00,000.588.531

1102 1Q adap uata igur itnag aynada anerak nakbabesid ini laH . mialk ayaib

anerak rikid gnay gnarab hadner satilauk pR rasebes mi 00,000.000.09 gnay

,narasamep ayaib uata naluagrep ayaib ek nakusamid helob kadit aynsurahes


84

aynsalej kutnU .iskudorp ayaib paggnaid surah naknialem adap tahilid tapad ,

g kifar 5.7 :tukireb iagabes

nabrep naD narasamep ajrenik nakapurem gnay nalaujnep isasilaer aratna nagnid

s narasamep ayaib nad adap tahilret itrepe g kifar 5.8 :ini tukireb

kifarG 5.8 P ayaiB nad nalaujneP isasilaeR aratnA nagnidnabreP : narasame


94

.II iskeroK nakadniT nad isaulavE

adahret isaulavE p TP narasamep ajrenik latrauk 6 amales amirP ayaJ gnugA

turutreb - ilret turut h adap ta ytilibatiforp gnitekram pes adap tahilret itre t leba 5.8

:tukireb

lebaT 5.8: ratfaD IOR gnitekraM ,SOR gnitekraM ,CMN :ytilibatiforP gnitekraM

gnitekraM ytilibatiforP 2 1Q 010 0102 2Q 0102 3Q 0102 4Q 1102 1Q 1102 2Q

CMN 049,667,776,1 000,314,657 000,139,724 000,529,811 000,013,077 000,062,676

SOR gnitekraM 03 % 42 % 71 % 8% 51 % 02 %

IOR gnitekraM 904 % 112 % 311 % 23 % 001 % 281 %

aynlicek raseB n te m gnitekra c )CMN( noitubirtno gnutnagreb tagnas adap ajrenik

nikameS .narasamep ayaib nad iskudorp ayaib atres )nalaujnep isasilaer( narasamep

audek aggnihes ,abal isubirtnok raseb nikames ini ayaib nenopmok audek licek

j naikimeD .neisife nad fitkefe araces nakiladnekid surah nenopmok nagned agu

SOR gnitekram nad IOR gnitekram . akgna aynlicek raseB - akgna SOR gnitekram nad

IOR aynlicek raseb gnutnagreb tagnas n te m gnitekra c )CMN( noitubirtno gnay

kahip utas id aggnihes satilasuak nagnubuh ikilimem n te m ekra gnit c noitubirtno

kgnitid surah id nad ,nakosap iatnar nad narasamep ajrenik takgninep iulalem nakta

hadneres naketid surah nikgnum tapades lanoisarepo nad narasamep ayaib kahip nial

ubirtnok naktakgninem anug nikgnum iraD .abal is t leba 5.8 nikames awhab tahilret

raseb n te c noitubirtno m nigra raseb nikames , SOR gnitekram nad IOR gnitekram nad ,

akgna m IOR gnitekra tegrat raseb apareB .%001 sata id m SOR gnitekra nad IOR

.naahasurep naanaskajibek adapek gnutnagret halada dradnatS i lairtsudn m gnitekra

SOR halada %03 - ,%53 nad IOR gnitekram rasebes %004 - .%054


05

V BAB I

,NALUPMISEK LAIREGANAM ISAKILPMI NASATABRETEK NAD ,

nakrasadreB itilenep lisah baB adap nasahabmep nad na ,V tapad akam nalupmisek taubid

isakilpmi nad lairejanam bes a :tukireb iag

.A nalupmiseK

.1 alumem ajas urab gnay naahasureP ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi i

nagnatnir iagabreb ipadahgnem ajas utnet ,aynnarasamep - anerak ,nagnatnat

akerem gnay narasamep ajrenik narukugnep kinket padahret nawayrak isnetsiser

.iridnes akerem isisop naktiluynem naka gnadnap

.2 iagabreb irad sapelreT ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi malad nagnatnat

,narasamep p gnitnep nad kiab gnay hakgnal halada naalumre kutnu babes

aynkidoirep araces narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi ayntujnales naka

.kiabmem nikames

.3 isakilpA scirtem ytilibatiforp gnitekram nakapurem amirP ayaJ gnugA TP adap

hadum nagned naka naahasurep nanipmip babes gnitnep tagnas gnay naalumrep

ladnegnem saulave nad narasamep ayaib naki kutneb malad narasamep ajrenik i

akgna - malad id kahip aumes helo imahapid hadum tagnas gnay akgna

hasurep .naa


15

.4 akgnA - taafnam irebmem narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi irad akgna

nemejanam nagnarukek nad nahamelek ianegnem aynsusuhk ,naahasurep adapek

ayaib nad nalaujnep isasilaer irad nimrecret narasamep ajreniK .narasamep

narasamep aites naahasurep .aynedoirep p

.5 ayaib sata naahasurep naanaskajibeK - nad ayaib gnikam noisiced laireganam sata

surah ,naped ek naahasurep anacner nad abal tegrat gnukudid ajrenik ajrenik

fitkefe gnay narasamep neisife nad . naahasurep ,naikimed nagneD tapad

b nakiladnegnem ayai - enem nad narasamep/nalaujnep ,ayaib pat ,tegrat nak

ayaib nenopmok aumes nakatemem nad isaulavegnem surah naahasurep - ayaib

akgna nagned naktiakid gnay - isatnemelpmi akgna narasamep ajrenik narukugnep

repes adap tahilret gnay it g rabma 5.4 naatemep( raped ,narasamep nemet

ayaib nemopmok iskudorp nad nad )narasamep t leba 5.8 (m rp gnitekra :ytilibatifo

CMN SOR gnitekram , nad ,)IOR gnitekram adap sukof naahasurep naidumek

meti - meti nopmok( )iskudorp ayaib( raseb gnilap ayaib isroporp gnay utnetret )ne

ayaib nad .iladnekret kadit gnurednec gnay narasamep

.6 ayaib nakapurem iladnekret kadit gnurednec nad iggnit gnay narasamep ayaiB

iladnekid tapad kadit ipatet ,narasamep naigab helo nakiladnekid tapad gnay

aulegnep babeS .nakosap iatnar nemejanam helo fitkefe araces ayaib nar

naanaskajibek nagned tare natiakreb narasamep rotcerid/reganam gnitekram

ucimep uata ayaib tasup iagabes )revird( aynah nad ,ayaib gnitekram tapad gnay

.narasamep naraulegnep nakenem nad nakiladnegnem kucup ,naikimed numaN

arap nad nanipmip ucexe sevit narasamep ajnaleb nakenem nad ignarugnem tapad

ayaib naraulegnep padahret narasamep naaskajibek ihuragnepmem arac nagned


25

iulalem narasamep tegdub gnidneps gnitekram gnuggnatrep nad sata nabawaj

.aynedoirep paites narasamep najnaleb

.7 po ayaib nakianeK et naahasurep lanoisare takgninem nikames irad tahilr ayn irad

ku k ek latra u akgna adap tahilret gnay itrepes latra - isatnemelpmi akgna

ruku tala nagned narasamep ajrenik narukugnep m gnitekra :scirtem ytilibatiforp

n m te a noc gnitekr t noitubir )CMN( nad nitekram gnitekram( selas no nruter g

)SOR atres tnemtsevni no gnitekram tahil( ta leb 5.8 .) utas halas ,uti babes helO

fitkefe gnay arac ayaib aumes nad narasamep ajrenik isawagnem kutnu - ayaib

nad nanalub araces narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi :halada

nok .ayntapeces nakukalid tapad inid iskerok nakadnit aggnihes ,netsis

.B M isakilpmI lairegana

.1 kutnu laisurk tagnas narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmI

ayaib nakiladnegnem - helO .narasamep ajrenik rotinomem nad narasamep ayaib

gnugA .TP nupitsem ,uti babes p urab amirP ayaJ tkarpmem ilak amatre ekk na

“ scirtem ytilibatiforp gnitekram mi numan ,” p nik narukugnep isatnemel ajre

id surah ini narasamep nakketkarp suret nad netsisnok araces - surenem

.naktakgnitid

.2 arap nad nanipmip kucup nanareP fitukeske ragnepmem tagnas ihu

i narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpm nad nanipmip kucup nagnukuD .

sevitucexe i padahret narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpm tagnas

nakulrepid aggnihes nad ikiabrepmem tapad narasamep ajrenik naktakgninem .


35

.3 eb naluggnuek ikilimem naahasurep ragA isatilisafid surah narasamep ,gniasr

( ygolonhcet noitacinummoc dna noitamrofni TCI ) gnay ayaib nakulremem gnay

id surah atres raseb pukuc etadpu nad edargpu .netsisnok araces gnugA TP

amirP ayaJ gnem surah isargetni nak aumes naahasurep malad isgnuf atres

em ilamitpogn nak isargetnignem malad TCI naiakamep gnitekram lanoitidart

e nad - gnitekram kutnu sife ikiabrepmem narasamep sativitkefe nad isnei . iT m

tapad surah narasamep iracnem rasap nad ritropmi urab irabmes patet

naknahatrepmem , anibmem naktakgninem nad hu nagned kiab gnay nagnub

itropmi .ada hadus gnay r b nagneD kudorp nagned rasap soborenem ahasure

y nakgnutnugnem nad lebiskelf gna , takgninem naka ropske ajrenik nakparahid

ihuragnepmem naka aynrihka adap gnay nigram ssorg nad nigram noitubirtnoc

mek aggnihes ayaib aumes putunem kutnu naupma - ayaib naka lanoisarepo

nikames .raseb

.4 d ikilimem naahasurep ragA gnias aya )egde evititepmoc( gnay a ,kiab isakilp

tala - uata narasamep ruku tala gnitekram ytilibatiforp scirtem malad ek

retupmok isatnemelpmignem malad nak gnep narasamep ajrenik naruku gnay

igolonket sisabreb ( latigid - tnemerusaem ecnamrofrep gnitekram desab ) halada

gnitnep .

.5 naiakamep isasilamitpO isamrofni isakinumok nad igolonket )TCI( , tala

amep sisilana atreseb naras scirtem gnitekram akgna naklisahgnem gnay -a akgn

hibel narasamep ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi pu - ot - etad . akgnA nad

ayaib nad narasamep isamrofni - nad gnitnep ini ayaib ek rabesid tapad adap

.laireganam nasutupek nalibmagnep malad nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip


45

.6 A isakilp ajrenik narukugnep isatnemelpmi narasamep nagned gnitekram

scirtem ytilibatiforp araces enilno nupuam ffo enil nakgnabmitrepmem surah

ayaib - ib a aggnihes ,aynnakirebid gnay taafnam nad TCI ayaib amaturet ,ay

.neisife nad fitkefe ,lamitpo idajnem sinsib ajrenik

.C atabreteK as naitileneP n

alaD nasatabretek tapadret ,ini naitilenep nakukalem m - naitilenep nasatabretek

aparebeb nupadA .anrupmes gnaruk nakasarid hisam ini naitilenep aggnihes

ini narasamep isatnemelpmi anerak atad isaruka gnatnet halada tubesret nasatabretek

kukalid ilak amatrep urab aynada nad na ycnetsiser naigab irad naahasurep narasamep

enep anerak gnakegnem naka nakritawahkid gnay tegrat naklubminem tapad ini naitil

igetarts nakrikimem malad sarek hibel ajrekeb kutnu narasamep naigab askamem nad

y neisife nad fitkefe gnay narasamep nad narasamep ayaib ignarugnem tapad gna

raseb pukuc gnay naitilenep ayaib ,uti nialeS .naahasurep gnau nakrubmahgnem kadit

d gnabret surah itilenep anerak kutnu kanaitnoP ek atrakaygoY ira nakukalem

.ini naitilenep


55

AKATSUP RATFAD

nitekraM naciremA omirpA dna noitaicossA g .5002 . cA gnitekraM atnuoc ydutS ytilib —P etihW repa .

.D ,yeliR dna ,.T ,relbmA 002 A :scirteM gnitekraM .6 serusaeM ecnamrofreP fo weiveR

U nI ,”niapS dna KU eht ni es repap tfard . ,loohcS ssenisuB nodnoL nodnoL , 1.pp -.03

ehT eraweB cirteM revliS . 002 .5 eB oT saH tnemerusaeM ecnamrofreP gnitekraM

,lanoisnemiditluM L loohcS ssenisuB nodno – gnikroW gnitekraM roF ertneCP 50 .oN repa - 907 .

effahC hciwdahC ,anoiF ,sillE ,evaD ,y liveK ,notsnhoJ , , .drahciR ,reyaM dna 6002 .

gnitekraM tenretnI 3 ecitcarP dna noitatnemlpmI ,ygetartS : dr noitide . P nosrae lanoitanretnI .

A ,.H ecurB ,kralC .V werdn , relbmA miT dna ,alebA . 6002 . ”,leehW eht dniheB“

tnemeganaM gnitekraM )3(51 , , 81 - .32

.H ,ecurB ,kralC 2002 dna yrotsiH :serusaeM ecnamrofreP gnitekraM I ,spihsnoitalerretntnemeganaM gnitekraM fo lanruoJ , )51( 5 , 117.pp - .23

alC .A .N nagroM dna ,.H ,ecurB ,kr 2002 . gnitekraM dna ,stiduA gnitekraM ,ytivitcudorP

P gnitekraM rof smetsyS ecnamrofre elpitluM gnitargetnI :tnemssessA ,sevitcepsreP fo lanruoJ isuB hcraeseR ssen , 5 363 :5 - 57 .

.H ,ecurB ,kralC 002 .1 fo eulaV eht gnirusaeM no gniknihT fo yrammuS A gnitekraM ,

gnitekraM rof sisylanA dna tnemerusaeM gnitegraT fo lanruoJ ,)4( 9 753 - 073 .

,ylliG ,pilihP ,.R ,aroetaC nhoJ ,.L ,maharG dna ,yraM ,.C . 2102 . tnI ,gnitekraM lanoitanre 51 ht noitide . warGcM - lliH .

.J ,nosdivaD , .H .5002 M hguorhT stropeR ynapmoC fo eulaV ehT gnimrofsnarT ra gnitek

M ,tnemerusae tnemeganaM gnitekraM fo lanruoJ ,51 757 .pp – .777

P ,.T refiefP ,lieN ,.T ,eldneB ,.W ,luaP sirraF R dna ,pilih .6002 .divaD ,.J ,nietsbie scirteM gnitekraM retsaM dluohS evitucexE yrevE + 05 : lanoitacudE nosraeP .

,nameurT ,okoyK ,awakukuF lE dna ,.iwnafyM - .8002 .metoH ,yrahoG pihsnoitaleR ehT

e neewteb - ni krowemarF lautpecnoC A sdrawoT : ecnamrofreP dna gnitekraM a,txetnoC sesirpretnE llamS ,gnitekraM ,yciloP cilbuP & ssenisuB fo lanruoJ

nU oriaC dna )KU( tnemeganaM fo loohcS ytisrevinU drofdarB ssenisuB ytisreviloohcS .


65

,drawoH ,namroF .5002 .tnuH .M semaJ tnemeganaM gnitekraM lairtsudnI fo lanruoJ 43 .oN - 331 - 641 :aihpledalihP . ytisrevinU lexerD .

.naitsirhC ,grubmoH .noitatneirO tekraM fo evitcepsreP noitatnemelpmI ygetartS A .4002

hcraeseR ssenisuB fo lanruoJ 1331 ,75 – 0431 .

.9002 .aimooJ M ecnamrofreP gnitekraM rusae M dna tneme lanruoJ ,tnemegana fop gnitekraM ,tnemeganaM ecnamrofre 02 :detareneg ,aimooJ yb derewop

.50:40 ,rebmevoN

naeJ - aM .5891 .neiliL ,.L ,yraG & yarffohC eir lairtsudnI ot esnopseR gnissessAgnitekraM fo lanruoJ ,ygetartS gnitekraM r ni detnirpeR , lairtsudnI ni sgnidae

.gnitekraM .llaH ecitnerP

sirK .hgniS hsitiN ;peednaS yhtrumanh e lanoitanretnI ehT .5002 - krowemarF gnitekraMskcolB gnidluB eht gniyfitnedI :)FMEI( e labolG erutuF rof - R gnitekraM .hcraese

;weiveR gnitekraM lanoitanretnI .6,22

,reltoK enaL ,niveK ,relleK dna ,pilihP . 9002/2102 . M ,tnemeganaM gnitekra 41 ht 31/ ht lanoitanretnI nosraeP ,noitide .

--------- .9002 . tnemeganaM gnitekraM roF krowemarF A , 4 ht .noitide nosraeP

lanoitanretnI

P ,reltoK pilih , .gnE dna ,gnA .9002 evitcepsreP labolG A :gnitekraM fo selpicnirP 2 dn raeP ,noitide ecitnirP nos - .llaH

ltoK yraG ,gnortsmrA dna ,pilihP ,re . 0102/2102 . gnitekraM fo selpicnirP . 41 ht 31/ ht

lanoitanretnI nosraeP ,noitide .

M ,sneveL . .0102 ,gnitekraM deilppA ,denialpxE ,denifeD , 1 ts ,noitide nosraePnoitidE lanoitanretnI .

oDcM mloclaM ,dlan hguH ,nosliW dna , . 6002 . eht gnimrofsnarT :gnitekraM weN ehT

,erutuF etaroproC 1 ts ,noitide htrowrettuB - nnamenieH .

laW ,nhoJ ,snilluM repraH .rJ ,dyoB ,ellivrO ,rek . 002 .8 tnemeganaM gnitekraM 6 , ht noitide . warGcM - lliH .

.9002 .maS ,relliM freP gnitekraM ,tnemeganaM ecnamro P gnitekraM ecnamrofre

hcraeseR tnemerusaeM 614991 .oN selcitrA ,hsalSelcitrA , .

aM .8002 .tnemerusaeM ecnamrofreP gnitekr hcraeseR enilyuB M gnitekra M tnemegana A citilan , dna A resitrevdA lanoitaN nacirem . 5002 . gnitekraM

S ytilibitnuoccA ,ydut 79860 TC ,notliW .


75

ekraM fo tnemerusaeM .9002 .smriF hsirI ni ecnamrofreP gnit fo tnemtrapeD,gnitekraM dna tnemeganaM C :dnalerI .ytisrevinU .kroC egello

oM dna ,mloclaM ,dlanoDcM .9002 .reteP ,yecnu :ytilibitnuoccA gnitekraM ot woH

E gnitekraM erusaeM f ssenevitcef 1 noitide :aihpledalihP dna nodnoL . nagoK .egaP

.8002 .nadahS ,kilaM secitcarP tseB dna ngiseD ,sdraobhsaD esirpretnE .noitide 3 :ASU

..cnI snoS & yeliW

adnyL .J ,dlawsO . 2 110 . ,gnitekraM fo waL ehT 2 dn htuoS ,noitide - egagneC ,nretseW .

luS’O alebA .V werdnA dna noD ,navil . 7002 . ecnamrofreP gnitekraM“ tnemerusaeM ”,ecnamrofreP mriF dna ytilibA fo lanruoJ gnitekraM 97 ,)2(17 , - .39

.9002 .aruaL nosrettaP tcA ni scirteM gnitekraM noi ecnamrofreP a gnitaerC : - nevirD

noitazinagrO gnitekraM , 3 dr tide :ASU .noi .cnI snoS & yeliW

,eldneB ,.W ,luaP sirraF ,.W ,luaP sirraF ,.J ,devaD ,nietsbieR .T refiefP ,lieN dna ,.T.9002 nI scirtaM gnitekraM ot noitcudort retteB ekaM uoY pleH naC yehT woH :

noisiceD ssenisuB 2 dn :ASU .noitide .gnihsilbuP loohcS notrahW

.4002 .J reteP ,dlawnesoR ,gnitekraM elbatnuoccA selcitrA gnitekraM elbatnuoccA fo .:ASU .ediwdlroW namrednuW ,.cnI omirpA

ssuartS , J ydu tsorF dna , R dnomya . /1102 9002 . E- gnitekraM , 6 ht / 5 ht .noitide nosraeP

.noitidE lanoitanretnI

gnitekraM naeporuE ehT ,tiduA tnemerusaeM ecnamrofreP scirteM dna serusaeM yluJ ,.91


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