peranan pers (pkn xii sma) 1

8/18/2019 Peranan Pers (PKn XII SMA) 1

1/92

BAHAN AJAR

PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARANUNTUK SMA KELAS XII

OLEH

Drs. MUNA SUKRI, M.Pd.

NIP : 196414 19!4" 1 1

SMA NEGERI 1 KOTA PONTIANAK PRO#INSI KALIMANTAN BARAT


2/92

MENGE#ALUASI PERANAN PERS DALAMMAS$ARAKAT DEMOKRATIS

M%&d%s'r()s('*& )%&+%r(*&, -&+s( d*& )%r*&*&s%r* )%'%r/0*&+*& )%rs d( I&d&%s(*

M%&+*&*2(s(s )%rs 3*&+ 0%0*s d*& 0%r*&++&+ *5*0 s%s*( 'd% %(' r&*2(s(' d*2*//*s3*r*'* d%/'r*(s d( I&d&%s(*.

M%&+%*2*s( '%0%0*s*& )%rs d*& d*/)*'

)%&3*2*7+&**& /%d(* /*ss* d*2*/ /*s3*r'*d%/'r*(s d( I&d&%s(*


3/92

Pengertian Pers

Secara Etimologis, K** )%rs 8B%2*&d*, Pr%ss 8I&++r(s, **

Pr%ss% 8Pr*&(s, 0%r*s*2 d*r( 0*7*s* L*(&, )r%ss*r% d*r('** )r%/%r%, 3*&+ 0%r*r( %'*& ** %*'.

Definisi terminologisnya (*2*7 M%d(* /*ss* %*' . D*2*/

0*7*s* B%2*&d* (*2*7 +%dr'%&, ** dr')%rs, d*2*/

0*7*s* I&++r(s&3* )r(&%d /%d(* ** )r(&(&+ )r%ss **)r%ss.

Oemar Seno Adji , )%rs d*2*/ *r( s%/)( /%&+*&d&+

)%&3(*r*&;)%&3(*r*& )('(r*&, +*+*s*&, ** 0%r(*;0%r(*

d%&+*& *2*& '** %r2(s. P%rs d*2*/ *r( 2*s *d*2*7

s%/* /%d(* 8/*ss //&(*(&s 3*&+ /%/*&*r'*&

)('(r*& d*& )%r*s**& s%s%r*&+, 0*(' d%&+*& '**;'**

%r2(s /*)& '** 2(s*&.


4/92

Pengertian Pers (lanjutan)

L. Taufik , P%rs %r0*+( d* 3*( P%rs d*2*/ *r(

s%/)( : sr* '*0*r, 'r*&, /**2*7, *02(d, d*&022%(&;022%(& '*&r 0%r(*. J*d(, )%rs %r0**s)*d* /%d(* %r%*'. P%rs d*2*/ *r( 2*s /%&*')s%/* /%d(* /*ss*, %r/*s' r*d(, %2%(s(, -(2/,d*& (&%r&%.

Weiner , )%&+%r(*& )%rs s%0*+*( 5*r*5*& /%d(*** /%d(* %*', )02(s(*s, )%2()*& 0%r(*, /%s(&%*', &*(' %*'.

Ale Sour , )%&+%r(*& )%rs s%0*+*( /%d(* %*' 3*&+/%&+*&d&+ )%&3(*r*& -*'*, )('(r*&, **)&+*+*s*& d%&+*& '**;'** %r2(s.


5/92


!enurut "lmu #omunikasi , )%rs /%/(2('( *r( :

1. Us*7* )%r%*'*& ** )%&%r0(*&

. M%d(* )%&3(*r*& 0%r(* 3*'&( sr* '*0*r,

/**2*7, r*d(, d*& %2%(s(.


6/92


$$ %o. &'*** Pasal (a) + P%rs *d*2*7 2%/0*+*ss(*2 d*& 5*7*&* '/&('*s( /*ss* 3*&+

/%2*'s*&*'*& '%+(**& r&*2(s(' /%2()(

/%&*r(, /%/)%r2%7, /%/(2('(, /%&3(/)*&,

/%&+2*7, d*& /%&3*/)*('*& (&-r/*s( 0*('d*2*/ 0%&' 2(s*&, s*r*, d*& +*/0*r, s%r* d**

d*& +r*-(' /*)& d*2*/ 0%&' 2*(&&3* d%&+*&

/%&++&*'*& /%d(* %*', /%d(* %2%'r&(',

d*& s%+*2* %&(s s*2r*& 3*&+ %rs%d(*.


7/92


#esim,ulan : P%rs *d*2*7 s%+*2* s*7* d*r( *2*;*2*

'/&('*s( /*ss* &' /%/%&7( '%07*&

*&++* /*s3*r*'* *'*& 7(0r*&, '%(&+(&*&,

)%r(s(5*, d*& 0%r(* 3*&+ %r*d( d*2*/ 5dsr* '*0*r, /**2*7, 022%(& ** /%d(* %*' 2*(&

** d(s*7*'*& /%2*2( r*d(, %2%(s(, -(2/, d*&

s%0*+*(&3*. J*d( d*2*/ 7*2 (&( *d*2*7 s%/* /%d(*

'/&('*s(, 3*( /%d(* %*', /%d(* *d(, /%d(*

*d( (s*2, d*& /%d(* %2%'r&('.


8/92

$$ %o. &'*** ,asal -

P%rs &*s(&*2 /%/)&3*( -&+s( s%0*+*(/%d(* informasi , ,endidikan, /i0uran, d*&kontrol sosial

P%rs d*)* 0%r-&+s( s%0*+*( lem0agaekonomi

P&+s( P%rs


9/92

P%rs 0%r-&+s( s%0*+*( /%d(*I&-r/*s( ("nformation)

M%/0%r('*& 0%r0*+*( (&-r/*s( 3*&+ )%&(&+ d*&

0%r/*'&* 0*+( /*s3*r*'* &' '%7(d)*&&3*

80%r0*+*( 0(d*&+, *s)%' ** d(/%&s(. ?&7

I&-r/*s( %&*&+ '%0(*'*&, )r+r*/ d*& )%r*r*&

&%+*r* '%)*d* /*s3*r*'* *+*r %)* d('%*7(. P%rs

+* /%&*d( s*r*&* (&-r/*s( *&*r(&d((d **

'%2/)';'%2/)' d*2*/ /*s3*r*'*.


10/92

P%rs 0%r-&+s( s%0*+*(/%d(* P%&d(d('*&

8 Education

P%rs /%/* ** /%&3*('*& 2(s*&;2(s*& 3*&+

/%&+*&d&+ )%&+%*7*& s%7(&++* /*s3*r*'*0%r*/0*7 )%&+%*7*& d*& 5*5*s*&&3*.

T%+*s&3*, )%rs /%&d(d(' /*s3*r*'* &' 2%0(7

/%&(&+'*'*& )%&+%*7*&, )%/*7*/*&, d*&

'%%r*/)(2*&.


11/92

P%rs 0%r-&+s( s%0*+*(/%d(* 7(0r*&

(1ecreation)

P%rs 7%&d*'&3* d*)* /%&3+7'*& 0%r(* 3*&+

/%&3%+*r'*&, 7/r ** %&*'* 3*&+ /%&+*&d&+d*3* (/*(&*s( 3*&+ )s((-, '*r%&* (&( /%r)*'*&

'%07*& d*s*r /*&s(* (0asic /uman needs).

M(s*2&3*, (s( 'r*& ** /**2*7 3*&+ 0%rs(-*

7(0r*& d*)* 0%r0%&' %r)%&, %r0&+, %r0%r,TTS, '*r('*r d*& 2*(& s%0*+*(&3*.


12/92

P%rs 0%r-&+s( s%0*+*( /%d(* '&r2ss(*2 (Social control)

K&r2 /*s3*r*'* %r7*d*) *2*&&3* rd*)%/%r(&*7*&, (s(2*7 '&r2 ss(*2 %r'*&d&+ /*'&*demokratic ** o,en management 3*&+ d( d*2*/&3*%rd*)* &sr;&sr :

K%('s%r**& r*'3* d*2*/ )%/%r(&*7*& (social ,artici,ation)

P%r*&++&+*5*0*& )%/%r(&*7 %r7d) r*'3* (social

res,onsi0ility)

D'&+*& r*'3* %r7*d*) )%/%r(&*7 (sosial su,,ort)

K&r2 /*s3*r*'* %r7*d*) (&d*'*& )%/%r(&*7 (social

control)


13/92

P%rs 0%r-&+s( s%0*+*( Lem0aga Ekonomi

S* )%rs*7**& 3*&+ 0%r+%r*' d( 0(d*&+ )%rs /%/(2('( 0a/an0aku informasi 3*&+ diola/ s%7(&++* /%&+7*s(2'*& ,roduk 0erita 3*&+ d(/(&*( 2%7 /*s3*r*'* d%&+*& nilai jual yang tinggi . P%rs

d*)* memanfaatkan alam sekitarnya se0agai nilai jual , s%7(&++*d()%r2%7 '%&&+*& 3*&+ /*'s(/*2 d*r( 7*s(2 )rd's(&3*.

P%rs s%0*+*( 2%/0*+* %'&/( menyediakan jasa sosialnya &''%)%&(&+*& /*s3*r*'* 3*&+ /%/07'*& d%&+*& *&/%/)%r2%7 (r* )s((- d*& &(2*( *2 **s )r+r*/;)r+r*/'%r*&3*. !isalnya+ /%2()( '%+(**& 0*'( ss(*2, **r* )%&7s%, ** '%+(**& 2*(&&3*. D(*/0*7 2*+( 0(d*&+ )%&*2*&'2/ ad2ertising , '2/ artikel ** '2/ 0%r(* 2*(&&3*.


14/92

3ak4/ak Pers /%&r UU N.4@1999 )*s*2 4

K%/%rd%'**& )%rs d(*/(& se0agai /ak asasi 5arganegara

T%r7*d*) )%rs &*s(&*2 tidak dikenakan ,enyensoran+ ,em0redelan+ atau ,elanggaran ,enyiaran.

U&' /%&*/(& '%/%rd%'**& )%rs, )%rs &*s(&*2/%/)&3*( /ak mencari+ mem,erole/+ danmenyam,aikan gagasan dan informasi.

D*2*/ /%/)%r*&++&+*5*0'*& )%/0%r(**& d(d%)*& 7'/, 5arta5an mem,unyai /ak tolak.


15/92

#e5aji0an Pers /%&r UU N.4@1999 )*s*2 >

P%rs &*s(&*2 0%r'%5*(0*& /%/0%r(*'*& )%r(s(5*

d*& )(&( d%&+*& /%&+7r/*( &r/*;&r/* *+*/*

d*& r*s* '%ss(2**& /*s3*r*'* s%r* *s*s )r*d+*

*' 0%rs*2*7.

P%rs 5*(0 /%2*3*&( 7*' *5*0

P%rs 5*(0 /%2*3*&( 7*' 'r%'s(


16/92

Peranan Pers /%&r UU N.4@1999 )*s*2 6

M%/%&7( 7*' /*s3*r*'* &' /%&+%*7(

M%&%+*''*& &(2*(;&(2*( d*s*r d%/'r*s(, /%&dr&+%r5d&3* s)r%/*s( 7'/, d*& HAM, s%r*/%&+7r/*( '%07(&&%'**&

M%&+%/0*&+'*& )%&d*)* // 0%rd*s*r'*&(&-r/*s( 3*&+ %)*, *'r* d*& 0%&*r

M%2*''*& )%&+*5*s*&, 'r((', 'r%'s(, d*& s*r*&

%r7*d*) 7*2;7*2 3*&+ 0%r'*(*& d%&+*& '%)%&(&+*&//

M%/)%r*&+'*& '%*d(2*& d*& '%0%&*r*&


17/92

P%rs 0%r)%r*& s%0*+*( A+%& P%/0*&+&*& 8

P%rs /%r)*'*& /%d(* ** s*r*&* &'/%&ss(*2(s*s('*& 0%r0*+*( )r+r*/)%/0*&+&*&

D%&+*& ss(*2(s*s( %rs%0 *'*& /%&(/02'*&'%s*d*r*& )*d* d(r( 5*r+* /*s3*r*'* &'%r2(0* ** 0%r)*r(s(-*s( d*2*/ )%/0*&+&*&s%s*( d%&+*& '%/*/)*& 3*&+ d(/(2('(&3*.


18/92

As*s d*& /(s( P%rs

Asas Pers : K%/%rd%'**& )%rs *d*2*7s*2*7 s* 5d '%d*2**& r*'*3*

3*&+ 0%r*s*s'*& )r(&s(-;)r(&s(-

d%/'r*s(, '%*d(2*&, d*& s)r%/*s(

7'/.

!isi Pers : I' /%&%rd*s'*&

/*s3*r*'*, /%&%+*''*& '%*d(2*& d*&

/%/0%r*&*s '%0*(2*&.


19/92

K&s%) D%/'r*s(

/%&r A&d( Ms*r( P(d% 8P*'*r N%+*r*5*& Secara etimologis, '** d%/s 0%r*r( r*'3*, d*&

r*%(& ** 'r*s 0%r*r( '%'*s**&. J*d(d%/'r*s( *r(&3* r*'3* 3*&+ 0%r'*s*8+%r&/%& - r2% 03 7% )%)2%.

Demokrasi dalam arti formal 3*( d%/'r*s(s%0*+*( s* s(s%/ )%/%r(&*7*& ** s(s%/)2((' d%&+*& '%d*2**& r*'3* d(2*'s&*'*& 2%7)*r* 5*'(2 r*'3* d*2*/ 2%/0*+* )%r5*'(2*&r*'3*.

Demokrasi dalam arti material d(s%0 s%0*+*(d%/'r*s( 3*&+ *s*s&3* d()%&+*r7( 2%7 '2rd*& 7(sr(s ** s%*r*7 s* 0*&+s*.


20/92

M*s3*r*'* D%/'r*(s 8

M*s3*r*'* 3*&+ ./%&3%2%s*('*& '&-2(' s%*r* d*/*(C

(d*' /%&++&*'*& '%'%r*s*& ** )*'s**&C

)%r0*7*& s%*r* d*/*(C

)%r+*&(*& '%'*s**& s%*r* '&s(s(&*2C

/%&+7*r+*( *d*&3* '%*&%'*r*+*/*&C

/%&%+*''*& '%*d(2*&C

/%&&&+ (&++( *d*&3* '%0%0*s*& 3*&+d(/(2('( *&++* /*s3*r*'*&3*


21/92

U&sr P''

D*2*/ D%/'r*s(

P*r(s(-*s( r*'3* d*2*/ )%/%r(&*7*&

J*/(&*& H*' As*s( M*&s(* ** 7*'

d*s*r 5*r+* &%+*r*


22/92

N%+*r* d('**'*& d%/'r*s(

8M(r(*/ Bd(*rd

P%/%r(&*7 ** %'s%'(-

P*r2%/%& ** B*d*& P%r5*'(2*& R*'3* s%0*+*(0*d*& 2%+(s2*(-

B*d*&;0*d*& )%r*d(2*& s%0*+*( 2%/0*+* 3d('*(-

P*r*(;)*r*( P2(('

P%/(2(7*& U// 8P%/(2

P%rs ** /%d(* /*ss* 3*&+ 0%0*s d*& 0%r*&++&+ *5*0


23/92

P(2*r D%/'r*s( 8M*7-d MD

L%/0*+* 2%+(s2*(- ** )*r2%/%& s%0*+*( %/)*5*'(2 r*'3*

L%/0*+* %'s%'(- s%0*+*( )%&3%2%&++*r*)%/%r(&*7*& &%+*r* d*2*/ *r( s%/)(

L%/0*+* $d('*(- s%0*+*( %/)* /%/0%r()s*& 7'/ d*& '%*d(2*& d*2*/ )%2*'s*&**&

&d*&+;&d*&+Ad*&3* )%rs s%0*+*( *2* '&r2 /*s3*r*'*


24/92

T*& d*r( )%2*'s*&**& -&+s( '&r2 P%rs 81

M%&*+* *+*r UU 3*&+ %2*7 d(0* 2%7 5*'(2 r*'3*d(*2*&'*& d%&+*& 0*(' 2%7 s%/* )(7*'

M%2(&d&+( H*';7*' *s*s( /*&s(* d*r( (&d*'*&'%s%5%&*&+*& 2%7 s(*)* )&

M%2(&d&+( '%)%&(&+*&;'%)%&(&+*& /*s3*r*'*

M%&*+* *+*r *2*&&3* )%/%r(&*7*& s%s*( *r*&

M%5d'*& *+*r )%r%&*&**& &%+*r* s%s*( d%&+*&

'%07*& d*& '%)%&(&+*& /*s3*r*'* d*& 0*&+s*.M%&*+* *+*r )%&++&**& 0d+% &%+*r* s%s*( s*s*r*&


25/92

T*& d*r( )%2*'s*&**&

fungsi kontrol Pers 8


26/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 81P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 81

Pers %asional *d*2*7 )%rs 3*&+ d(s*7*'*& 2%7

r*&+;r*&+ I&d&%s(* %r*/* r*&+;r*&+

)%r+%r*'*& d*& d()%r&''*& 0*+( r*&+I&d&%s(*. Pers ini 0ertujuan mem,erjuangkan /ak4

/ak 0angsa "ndonesia di masa ,enjaja/an. D*r(

)%rs N*s(&*2 (&(2*7 3*&+ s%2*&&3* 0%r'%/0*&+

s%0*+*( Pers "ndonesia.


27/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 8


28/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 8=P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 8=

Pers !asa Pergerakan

M*s* 0*&+s* I&d&%s(* 0%r*d* d( 0*5*7 )%&**7*&B%2*&d* s*/)*( s** /*s'&3* J%)*&+.

P%rs /*s* (&( (d*' d*)* d()(s*7'*& d*r( '%0*&+'(*&&*s(&*2 0*&+s* I&d&%s(* /%2*5*& )%&**7*& 8/&2&3*)%r+%r*'*& /d%r& Bd( U/,


29/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs d( I&d&%s(* 84P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs d( I&d&%s(* 84

6onto/ 3arian yang ter0it ,ada masa ,ergerakan

H*r(*& S%d( T/ s%0*+*( '%2*&*& d*r( 7*r(*& Bd( U/8$+3*'*r*, H*r(*& D*r/ K&d 8S2 2%7 Sd*r3?'rs(s5r, H*r(*& Us*& H(&d(* 8Sr*0*3*, HOS.?'r*/(&, *d*r As(* 8J*'*r*, H*( A+s S*2(/, M**2*7

/(&++*& P('(r*& R*'3* 8B*&d&+, Ir. S%'*r&, M**2*70%r'*2* D*2* R*'3* 8M7.H** d*& S*& S3*7r(r.

?***& : '*r%&* sifat dan isi ,ergerakan adala/ anti ,enjaja/an /*'* d*)* %'*&*& d*r( )%/%r(&*7*& H(&d(* B%2*&d*, caranyadengan mem0erangus dan menutu, usa/a ,ener0itan )%rs

,ergerakan. S** (&(2*7 0%rd(r( )2* K*&r 0%r(* N*s(&*2A&*r* 81= D%s%/0%r 19=".


30/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs d( I&d&%s(* 8>P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs d( I&d&%s(* 8>

Pers !asa Penjaja/an 7e,ang P*d* /*s* (&( )%rs &*s(&*2 /%&+*2*/( '%/&dr*& 0%s*r,

d(0*5*7 %'*&*& )%&d%r(**& d*& )%&+%'*&+*& '%0%0*s*& 2%0(7d*r( */*& B%2*&d* '*r%&* d(*d('*& *2* )%/%r(&*7 J%)*&+d*& )r J%)*&+.

H*r(*& 3*&+ /&2 s** ( : As(* R*3* 8J*'*r*, S(&*r B*r38S%/*r*&+, S*r* As(* 8Sr*0*3*, d*& T*7*3* 8B*&d&+.

K%&&+*& 3*&+ d(d*)* d*r( (&s*& )%rs I&d&%s(* 3*&+ 0%'%r*)*d* )%&%r0(*& J%)*&+ : P%&+*2*/*& /%&++&*'*& *2*;*2*d*& -*s(2(*s, B*7*s* I&d&%s(* /*'(& s%r(&+ d*& 2*s d(+&*'*&

d*2*/ )%/0%r(**&, /%/0* r*'3* /%&*d( 2%0(7 'r((s d*2*/0%r)('(r.


31/92


Pers !asa 1e2olusi 8isik (*&94*&*) P%rs 0%r)%r*& s%0*+*( *2* /%/)%r*7*&'*& '%/%rd%'**&d*& )*r((s/% &*s(&*2.

S** (&( )%rs *d* d* : 81. P%rs N(* 8B%2*&d* 3*( )%rs3*&+ d(%r0('*& d*& d(s*7*'*& 2%7 %&*r* s%' d*&

B%2*&d*. 8


32/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 8"P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs

d( I&d&%s(* 8"

Pers !asa Demokrasi Li0eral (*9'4*9*)

P%rs 0%r)%r*& s%0*+*( )r*&** ss(*2 /*s3*r*'*

d%/'r*s( 3*&+ 0%0*s s%s*( d%&+*& s(s%/2(0%r*2 3*&+ d(%r*)'*& s%s*( UUDS 19>.

&+s( P%rs /*s* (&( : s%0*+*( )%r*&+*&

'%2/)' )*r*( ** *2(r*& )2(('

P ' 0 P d( I d ( 8!


33/92

P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs d( I&d&%s(* 8!P%r'%/0*&+*& P%rs d( I&d&%s(* 8!

Pers !asa Demokrasi Ter,im,in (*9*4*:9)

D('%2*r'*&&3* d%'r( Pr%s(d%& 8Ir. S%'*r&, > J2( 19>9 :'%/0*2( '% UUD 194> d*& M*&(-%s P2((' 3*&+ /%&%r%/*7;'*& P*&*s(2* s%0*+*( N*s*'/, /%&()*'*& d/(&*s( PKI d*&'/&(s/% s%0*+*( (d%2+( )%r*&+*&.

R%*2(*&3*, )r(&s(- d%/'r*s( 8**s d*s*r s(2* '%;4 %2*7 %r*d()%&3(/)*&+*&, '&s%&r*s( '%'*s**& d( *&+*& s* r*&+8d('*r r(%r.

P%rs &*s(&*2 s** ( /%&+*& '&s%) )%rs r(%r 3*&+/%r)*'*& %r/)% )%&+*s* d*& 0%r+*s /%&+*+&+;*+&+'*& )r(0*d( )r%s(d%& d*& /%&+(&d'r(&*s('*& /*&(-%s

P2((' 8M*&()2 s%r* /%&++%r*''*& *'s(;*'s( /*ss* 3*&+r%2s(&%r d*& '%%*)*& )%/%r(&*7 2*(&&3*. T%+*s&3* : P%rss%0*+*( *2* )r)*+*&d* )2((' Id%2+( N*s*'/.


34/92


Pers !asa Orde ;aru (*::4**. K%/d(*& d(0*7 d%&+*& $$ %o. =ta/un *


35/92


Pers !asa 1eformasi (**< sam,ai saat ini)

D(*&d*( d%&+*& '%2*r&3* UU N/r 4@1999

%&*&+ P%rs.

P%rs N*s(&*2 '%/0*2( /%&('/*( '%0%0*s*& )%rss%s*( *2*/ r%-r/*s(, '%%r0'**&, d*& d%/'r*s(3*&+ d()%r*&+'*& r*'*3* I&d&%s(*.

P%/%r(&*7 s*&+* /%/)%r/d*7 ((& )%&%r0(*&

P%rs, *'(0*&3* 0*&3*' s%'*2( )%&%r0(*& )%rs 8'r*&;'r*&, /**2*7 ** *02(d 0*r 0%r/&2*&.


36/92

Kd% E(' Jr&*2(s('

#ode : s(s%/ )%&+*r*&;)%&+*r*& 8s3s%/ - r2%s.

Etik : &r/* )%r(2*'.P%r0**& d('*%+r('*& %(s*)*0(2* )%r0**& s0. S%s*( d%&+*& *r*&;*r*& 3*&+/%&&& )%r(2*' 0*(' /*&s(*, s%0*2('&3* 3*&+ (d*'%(s *)*0(2* s%+*2* *r*& (&+'*7 2*' 3*&+ *d* d(2*&++*r** (d*' d((&d*7'*&.

7urnalistik : )r-%s( d*2*/ '%+(**& 2(s /%&2(s 0%r(*** '%5*r*5*&*&.

#ode Etik 7urnalistik : s%/2*7 *r*& d*s*r 3*&+/%&+('* s%2r7 )r-%s( '%5*r*5*&*& d*2*//%&*2*&'*& +*s d*& )%r*&&3* s%0*+*( 5*r*5*&.


37/92

Kd% E(' Jr&*2(s('

Ad* (+* -*'r 3*&+ /%/)%&+*r7( )%2*'s*&**&&3*/%&r !. Al5i Da/lan+ P/.D

. Etik "nstitusional 3*( s(s%/ *r*&, )%r*r*&,'%0(*'s*&**& 3*&+ d('%/0*&+'*& 2%7 (&s(s(.

=. Etik Personal : s(s%/ &(2*( d*& /r*2(*s )%rr*&+*&3*&+ /%r)*'*& 7*( &r*&( 5*r*5*&, d(d*s*r'*&)*d* '%3*'(&*& )r(0*d( 3*&+ /%&(/0*&+ (&d*'*&3*&+ 7%&d*' d(2*''*&.

-. Etik Profesional : /%&%&'*& *r* )%/0%r(*& 3*&+)*2(&+ %)* s%7(&++* (&-r/*s( ( /d*7 d(%r(/*2%7 '7*2*3*', d*2*/ )r)rs( 3*&+ 5**r.


38/92

?(r( d*r( s* Kd% E('

Kd% %(' d(0* d*& d(ss& 2%7 r+*&(s*s()r-%s( 30s. S%s*( d%&+*& *r*& r+*&(s*s( d*&0'*& d*r( )(7*' 2*r.

S*&'s( 0*+( 3*&+ /%2*&++*r 'd% %(' 0'*&)(d*&*, /%2*(&'*& 0%rs(-* /r*2 ** /%&+('*s%*r* /r*2 )*d* *&++* '%2/)' %rs%0.

D*3* *&+'* s* 'd% %(' 7*&3* 0%r2*' )*d*

*&++* r+*&(s*s( 3*&+ /%/(2('( 'd% %('%rs%0 0'*& )*d* r+*&(s*s( 2*(&.


39/92

Ar*& /*(& 8r2%s -7% +*/% P%rs N*s(&*2

Landasan "diil : *2s*)*7 P*&*s(2* 8P%/0'**&

UUD 194>

Landasan #onstitusional : UUD 194>

Landasan >uridis : UU P%rs 8UU N. 4@1999

Landasan Profesional : Kd% E(' Jr&*2(s('

Landasan Etis : T** N(2*( 3*&+ 0%r2*' d*2*/

/*s3*r*'*


40/92

K%0%0*s*& P%rs8K%/%rd%'**& P%rs

#e0e0asan Pers *d*2*7 '%0%0*s*& /%&+%/'*'*&)%&d*)*, 0*(' s%*r* 2(s*& /*)& 2(s*& /%2*2()%rs, s%)%r( 7*r(*&, /**2*7, 022%(& d*& s%0*+*(&3*.K%0%0*s*& )%rs /%r)*'*& /*&(-%s*s( d*r( freedom of s,eec/ 8'%0%0*s*& 0%r0(*r*

K%0%0*s*& )%rs d(0%r0*+*( &%+*r* /%/)&3*()%&+%r(*& 3*&+ 0%r0%d*;0%d* %r+*&&+ )*d* :

filsafat negaranya+ ,ola ,ertum0u/an ,olitiknya+ /akikat

manusianya+ masyarakat dan negaranya+ /u0unganantara rakyat dan negara+ /akikat ,engeta/uan+ sertake0enaran dan moral.


41/92

?(r( K%0%0*s*& P%rsI&d&%s(*

P%rs 3*&+ 0%0*s d*& 0%r*&++&+ *5*0

P%rs 3*&+ s%7*

P%rs s%0*+*( )%&3%0*r (&-r/*s( 3*&+ 0%'(-

P%rs s%0*+*( )%&3*2r *s)(r*s( r*'3*, /%2*s'*&'/&('*s( d*& )*r(s(-*s( /*s3*r*'*

P%rs 3*&+ /%2*''*& '&r2 ss(*2 3*&+ '&sr'(-

T%rd*)* (&%r*'s( )s((- *&*r* )%rs, )%/%r(&*7d*& /*s3*r'*.

P ( (- 0 P N ( 2


42/92

Pr(&s(- )%r*&++&+*5*0*& P%rs N*s(&*28UU N. 4@1999 )*s*2 >

Pr(&s(- )%r*&++&+*5*0*& P%rs N*s(&*28UU N. 4@1999 )*s*2 >

P%rs &*s(&*2 0%r'%5*(0*& /%/0%r(*'*& )%r(s(5*d*& )(&( d%&+*& meng/ormati norma4norma agamadan rasa kesusilaan masyarakat serta asas ,raduga tak0ersala/.

P%rs 5*(0 /%2*3*&( /ak ja5a0, 3*( 7*' s%s%r*&+** s%'%2/)' r*&+ &' /%/0%r('*& *&++*)*&** s*&++*7*& %r7*d*) )%/0%r(**& 0%r)* -*'*3*&+ /%r+('*& &*/* 0*('&3*.

P%rs 5*(0 /%2*3*&( /ak koreksi , 3*( 7*' s%(*) r*&+

&' /%&+'r%'s( ** /%/0%r2'*& '%'%2(r*&(&-r/*s( 3*&+ d(0%r(*'*& 2%7 )%rs, 0*(' %&*&+d(r(&3* /*)& r*&+ 2*(&.


43/92

!enurut S. Tasrif + diakui dan dijaminnya #e0e0asan Pers dalam suatu negara 0ila

memenu/i tiga syarat s00 Tidak ada kewajiban menurut hukum untuk meminta surat

izin terbit bagi suatu penerbitan pers kepada pemerintah.

Tidak ada wewenang menurut hukum pada pemerintah

untuk melakukan penyensoran sebelumnya terhadap beritaatau karangan yang akan dimuat dalam suatu penerbitan

pers.

Tidak ada wewenang menurut hukum pada pemerintah

untuk melakukan penerbitan pers, baik untuk selama-lamanya maupun untuk jangka waktu tertentu.


44/92

T%r( P%rs d*2*/ 70&+*&&3* d%&+*& N%+*r* 81T%r( P%rs d*2*/ 70&+*&&3* d%&+*& N%+*r* 81

. Teori Li0ertarian : 70&+*& *&*r* )%rs d%&+*&)%/%r(&*7 0%rs(-* 0%0*s, 0*7'*& )%rs /%/)&3*(-&+s( /%&+*5*s( )%/%r(&*7.

=. Teori Social 1es,onsi0ility 8)%r*&++&+*5*0*& ss(*2: )%rs 7*rs /%&%r(/* d*& /%/%&7( '%5*(0*&%r%& '%)*d* /*s3*r*'* d*& 0%r*&++&+ *5*0'%)*d* /*s3*r*'*.

-. Teori otoritarian : )%/%r(&*7 /%&+*5*s( )%rs /%2*2(

sr* ((& %r0( 8SIT, s%&sr, d*& )%/0%r*&+s*&.


45/92

T%r( P%rs d*2*/ 70&+*&&3* d%&+*& N%+*r* 8


46/92

B%&';0%&' )%&3*2*7+&**&

'%0%0*s*s& P%rs 81

P%&3(*r*& 0%r(* 3*&+ (d*' /%/%&7( 'd% %(' r&*2(s('. ?&7 '%s*2*7& )%&3%0*& &*/*

%rs*&+'* d*& 'r*&+ %2*s&3* s* +*/0*r **)%r(s(5*.

P%r*d(2*& 2%7 )%rs 8r(*2 03 )%rs : )%/0%r(**& 3*&+%rs /%&%rs )*d* s* )(7*', s%d*&+'*& )(7*' 2*(&3*&+ %r2(0* (d*' d(0%r(*'*& *'*& /%&+7*s(2'*&

0%r(* 3*&+ (d*' s%(/0*&+. S%s%r*&+ /%r*s* d(*d(2(2%7 )%rs '*r%&* )%/0%r(**& 3*&+ (d*' s%(/0*&+%rs%0.


47/92

B%&';0%&' )%&3*2*7+&**&

'%0%0*s*s& P%rs 8


48/92

P%&3*'( P%rs 8s3*/s2 MF*r(-

Pr&+r*-(

?7*r*%r *ss*s(&*(& 8)%/0&7*& '*r*'%r

B%r(* )*2s

Pr'*s( d*& ('2*& 3*&+ /%&3%s*'*&

W*r*5*& 3*&+ (d*' )r-%s(&*2 80(*s*

/%&d*)* 2'*& 5*r*5*& 0dr%'s


49/92

!enga,a ,emerinta/ /arus 0eru,aya dalammengendalikan ke0e0asan ,ers ?@ ()

A+*r '%0%0*s*& )%rs 3*&+ d(/(2('( (d*'d(s*2*7+&*'*& &' '%)%&(&+*&;'%)%&(&+*&3*&+ (d*' s%*2*&@s%s*( d%&+*& -&+s(, )%r*& d*&*&++&+ *5*0 )%rs.

A+*r /*s3*r*'* /%/)%r2%7 /*&-** 3*&+s%0%s*r;0%s*r&3* &' /%&(&+'*'*& )%r2%7*&,)%&+%22**& s%r* )%/*&-***& (&-r/*s( &''%7(d)*& s%7*r(;7*r(.


50/92

!enga,a ,emerinta/ /arus 0eru,aya dalammengendalikan ke0e0asan ,ers ?@ (=)

A+*r (&s*& )%rs d*)* 0%r*&++&+ *5*0&' /%/0%r('*& (/0*2 0*2(' 3*&+ )s((-'%)*d* )%/%r(&*7, '7ss&3* &'/%/0*& %r2*'s*&*&3* )r+r*/;)r+r*/

)%/%r(&*7

M%&dr&+ %r5d&3* /*s3*r*'* 3*&+d%/'r*(s, %rd*s, )*r(s(-*(-, d*&0%r*&++&+ *5*0 %r7*d*) )%/0*&+&*&

0*&+s*&3*.

$ dil k k i t / d l


51/92

$,aya yang dilakukan ,emerinta/ dalammengendalikan ke0e0asan ,ers ()

1. M%/0* )%r*&+'* 7'/ ** *r*&;*r*&d*s*r %&*&+ '%7(d)*& )%rs 8UUN. 4@1999C


52/92

$,aya yang dilakukan ,emerinta/ dalammengendalikan ke0e0asan ,ers (=)

&. !em0antu ,ers dalam ,ener0itan 0uku40ukutentang ,ers+ se0agai 0a/an 0acaan 0agi kalangan ,ers+ ,eja0at ,emerinta/ serta masyarakat umum

9. !eng/ormati ,elaksanaan kode etik jurnalistik+mau,un ,elaksanaan sanksi yang di0erikan ke,ada

,elanggarnya

:. ;ersama4sama dalam u,aya mem0erantas ,engayakit ,ers

B. !enyelenggarakan kegiatan seminar dalam usa/amengem0angkan konse,si+ nilai4nilai danmekanisme.

D*/)*' 3*&+ (/02 *'(0* )%&3*2*7+&**&


53/92

D*/)*' 3*&+ (/02 *'(0* )%&3*2*7+&**&'%0%0*s*& )%rs ** /%d(* M*ss* 81 :

M%&32 '&-2('s d*2*/ '%7(d)*& /*s3*r*'*,'*r%&* )%/0%r(**& )%rs 3*&+ (d*' 0%'(-

M%r+('*& '%)%&(&+*& /*s3*r*'*, 0*&+s*, d*&

&%+*r*

T%r7*/0*&3* )%/0*&+&*& &*s(&*2 '*r%&*)%rs /%r)*'*& s*2*7 s* )(2*r (t/e fourt/

,illar) d*2*/ )%/0*&+&*& &*s(&*2.

D ' ( 0 2 '(0 2 7


54/92

D*/)*' 3*&+ (/02 *'(0* )%&3*2*7+&**&'%0%0*s*& )%rs ** /%d(* M*ss* 8


55/92

H0&+*& 3*&+ 0%rs(-* /(r* (,artners/i,, (&%r*'(- )s((- d*& d(&*/(s (interaksi konstruktif)

*&*r* )(7*' P%rs 85*r*5*&, /*s3*r*'* d*&

)%/%r(&*7

P%rs 85*r*5*&

P%/%r(&*7M*s3*r*'*

U&' /%/(&(/*2(s(r ** /%&%+*7 d*/)*' 3*&+


56/92

U&' /%/(&(/*2(s(r ** /%&%+*7 d*/)*' 3*&+(/02 *'(0* )%&3*2*7+&**& '%0%0*s*& )%rs** /%d(* /*ss*.

Pi/ak Warta5an K%r*& d*2*/ /%&+2*s s* '%*d(*&

D'&+*& &(2*(;&(2*( *%&('

K%s%d(*& &' 0%r*&++&+ *5*0

M%/(2('( '%/*&d(r(*& /r*2

M%/(2('( '%0%r*&(*& /r*2

M%/(2('( '%r%&d*7*& 7*(

S('*) 'r((s d*& r%*2(s(s

U ' ( ( 2( ( 7 d '


57/92

U&' /%/(&(/*2(s(r ** /%&%+*7 d*/)*'3*&+ (/02 *'(0* )%&3*2*7+&**& '%0%0*s*&)%rs ** /%d(* /*ss*.

Pi/ak !asyarakat

Tr /%/0%r('*& s*r*& ** /*s'*& '%)*d*)%rs %&*&+ 0%r0*+*( 7*2

M%/0%r('*& (&-r/*s( ** '%%r*&+*& '%)*d*)%rs 3*&+ s%0%&*r;0%&*r&3* d*& d*)*d()%r*&++&+*5*0'*&.

Tr /%/*&-**'*& )%rs d%&+*& s%0*(';0*('&3*

*+*r )%r'%/0*&+*& )%rs 0%r*2*& s%*r* 0*('.

U ' ( ( 2( ( 7 d '


58/92

U&' /%/(&(/*2(s(r ** /%&%+*7 d*/)*'3*&+ (/02 *'(0* )%&3*2*7+&**& '%0%0*s*&)%rs ** /%d(* /*ss*.

Pi/ak Pemerinta/

M%&%+*''*& 7'/ d*& )%r*r*& %&*&+)%rs d%&+*& s%%+*s;%+*s&3*.

T(d*' r */)r %r2*2 d*2*/ '*r%&* *'*&/%&++%r+( '%0%0*s*& )%rs ( s%&d(r(.

M%/0%r('*& '%s%/)**& '%)*d* )*r* (&%sr&' /%/0*&+& 0*s(s (&dsr( )%rs.

B ( P (2


59/92

B%r(5* P*&*s(2*B%r(5* P*&*s(2*

B%rs(-* '%s*r(*B%rs(-* '%s*r(*B%r*&+ &'

%/*&s()*s( 0*&+s*B%r*&+ &'

%/*&s()*s( 0*&+s*

M%&&&+ (&++(

HAMM%&&&+ (&++(

HAM

K%)r(0*d(*&

W*r*5*& I&d&%s(*K%)r(0*d(*&

W*r*5*& I&d&%s(*

T** '%)*d*UUD 194>T** '%)*d*

UUD 194>

B%r*'5* )*d*

T$ME

B%r*'5* )*d*

T$ME

P%&+%r(*& B%r(*

P%&+%r(*& B%r(*


60/92

+P%&+%r(*& B%r(*

. Dean !. Lele S,encer : 0%r(* /%r)*'*& s*'%&3***& ** (d% 3*&+ 0%&*r d*& d*)* /%&*r(')%r7*(*& s%0*+*(*& )%/0**.

=. Eric 6. 3e,5ood : 0%r(* *d*2* 2*)r*& )%r*/* d*r(

'%*d(*& )%&(&+ d*& d*)* /%&*r(' )%r7*(*& //.

-. DjaCfar 3. Assegaf : 0%r(* *d*2*7 2*)r*& %&*&+ -*'*** (d% 3*&+ %r0*r d*& d()(2(7 2%7 s*- r%d*'s( s*7*r(*& &' d(s(*r'*& 3*&+ '%/d(*& d*)* /%&*r('

)%r7*(*& )%/0**, '*r%&* 2*r 0(*s*, '*r%&* )%&(&+,** '*r%&* /%&*') s%+( 7/*& (&%r%s s%)%r(7/r, %/s(, d*& '%%+*&+*&.

P%&+%r(*& B%r(*

P%&+%r(*& B%r(*


61/92

+P%&+%r(*& B%r(*

&. Willard 6. ;leyer : 0%r(* *d*2*7 s%s* 3*&+ %r*s*80*r 3*&+ d()(2(7 2%7 5*r*5*& &' d(/*d*2*/ sr* '*0*r.

9. Amak Syarifufudin : 0%r(* *d*2*7 s* 2*)r*&

'%*d(*& 3*&+ d((/02'*& s%0*+*( 0*7*& 3*&+/%&*r(' )%r7*(*& )02(' /*ss* /%d(*.

:. William S. !auls0y : 0%r(* *d*2*7 s* )%&r*&s%*r* 0%&*r, (d*' /%/(7*' d*r( -*'* 3*&+

/%/)&3*( *r( )%&(&+, d*& '%*d(*& 0*r %r*d(s%7(&++* d*)* /%&*r(' )%r7*(*& )%/0** s*r*'*0*r 3*&+ /%/* 0%r(* %rs%0.

P%&+%r(*& B%r(*

P%&+%r(*& B%r(*


62/92

+P%&+%r(*& B%r(*

B. 7;. Wa/yudi : 0%r(* *d*2*7 2*)r*& %&*&+)%r(s(5* ** )%&d*)* 3*&+ /%/(2('( &(2*( )%&(&+d*& /%&*r(' s%0*+(*& '7*2*3*', /*s(7 0*r, d*&d()02('*s('*& s%*r* 2*r /%2*2( /%d(*. S*

)%r(s(5* (d*' *'*& /%&*d( 0%r(* 0(2* (d*'d()02('*s('*& /%2*2( /%d(* /*ss* s%*r* )%r(d('.


63/92

U&sr &sr B%r(*

. 6e,at : *'*2 ** '%*)**& 5*'

=. %yata (faktual) : (&-r/*s( %&*&+ s%0*7 -*'*

-. Penting : /%&3*&+' '%)%&(&+*& r*&+ 0*&3*'

&. !enarik : /%&+&d*&+ r*&+ &' /%/0**

>. *'* d(ss& /%&*d( la,oran d*& d()02('*s('*&

/%2*2( /%d(* /*ss*.

M%d% 8*r* **

M%d% 8*r* **


64/92

8 %'&(' /%&*r( B%r(*

M%d% 8*r* **%'&(' /%&*r( B%r(*

1. S(s%/ B%* (0eat system) : s%r*&+ 5*r*5*& /%&*r(0%r(* d%&+*& *r* /%&d**&+( s/0%r 0%r(* 8%/)*%r%& s%*r* %r*r.


65/92

8 %'&(' /%&*r( B%r(*

M%d% 8*r* **%'&(' /%&*r( B%r(*

=. S(s%/ )%&+*s*& (Assignment) : P%&+*s*& 2%7s%r*&+ )(/)(&*& /%&*r( 0%r(* d( s*d*%r*7 82*r d*%r*7 '*r%&* d( *&++*) )%&(&+

d%&+*& '&s%'5%&s( d*&*.

4. S(s%/ 5*5*&*r* ("nter2ie5) : H*/)(r s%(*)'%+(**& 5*r*5*& /%2*''*& 5*5*&*r*, 0*('s%0*+*( '%2%&+'*)*& d** /*)& '7ss &'

/%&*r( 0%r(* */*.

M%d% 8*r* **

M%d% 8*r* **


66/92

8 %'&(' /%&*r( B%r(*

M%d% 8*r* **%'&(' /%&*r( B%r(*

>. S(s%/ /%&2(s s%&d(r( (in2enting) : 0%rd*s*r'*&

-*'* d*& d** 3*&+ *d*, 5*r*5*& /%&2(s s%&d(r(

0%r(* 3*&+ *'*& d(%r0('*& d*& /%&*&++&+r%s(' *)* 3*&+ d(2(s&3*. S(s%/ (&(, d()%r2'*&

-%%2(&+ ** &*2r( 3*&+ (&++(, '%0%r*&(*&

/%&+7*d*)( *)*r* 7'/, *&++&+ *5*0, d*&

7*rs d*)* /%&+&r2 '%*d**&.

3al ,enting cara mencari 0erita menurut,edoman 5arta5an


67/92

,edoman 5arta5an

o M%/(2('( r*s* (&+(& *7

o T(&++*2'*& '*&r

o B(*r* d%&+*& 0*&3*' r*&+ d*r( 0%r0*+*(2**r 0%2*'*&+

o B** 'r*& A&d* s%&d(r(

o J*&+*& s%+*&;s%+*& /%&(r (d%;(d% d*r( sr*'*0*r 2*(&

o B** )%r&3***&;)%r&3***& r%s/(, /(s'()&/%/0s*&'*&

3al ,enting cara mencari 0erita menurut


68/92

, g ,edoman 5arta5an

o P%r7*(*'*& %2%(s( d*& d%&+*r'*& r*d(

o S(*)'*& /*) )%r(s(5* /%&d**&+ 8***& *d5*2@*+%&d* **r* 3*&+ 0(s* /%&*d( 0%r(*

o K&&+(2*7 )*s*r d*& )*/%r*&o B%r0(*r* d*& 0%rd(s's( d%&+*& s%/* r%)r%r

o G&*'*& 5*' 0%r'%2(2(&+ '*, 0%r0*r d%&+*&/*s3*r*'* d*& *&+*& *s(&+'*& d(r( A&d*.

o S%'*2(;'*2( )%r+(2*7 /%&3%&d(r( d*& 0%r)('(r &'/%&%/'*& (d% )%&*r(*& ** )%/0**& 0%r(* .

M*&-** M%d(*M*ss*


69/92

M%d(* ?%*' M%d(* ?%*'

M%d(* /*ss*M%d(* /*ss*

M%d(* E2%'rM%d(* E2%'r

Fungsi khususFungsi khusus Fungsi KhususFungsi Khusus

&+s( U//&+s( U//

surat kabar,

tabloid,Majalah

buletin/famflet

surat kabar,

tabloid,Majalah

buletin/famflet

T#, r*d(,

-(2/, (&%r&%,

d22.

T#, r*d(,

-(2/, (&%r&%,

d22.

Informasi,

mendidik,menghibur dan

kontrol sosial

Informasi,

mendidik,menghibur dan

kontrol sosial

(&-r/*s((&-r/*s( 7(0r*&7(0r*&

K&s%) -*'*, d**d*& (&-r/*s(

K&s%) -*'*, d**d ( - (


70/92

d*& (&-r/*s(d*& (&-r/*s(

8akta kenyataan atau peristiwa yang sebenarnyaterjadi !potret dari peristiwa".

Data gambaran fakta yang belum diubah,dimanifulasi !masih mentah dan belum diubah"

"nformasi hasil pengolahan data yang dapat

memberikan arti atau manfaat.

H0&+*& -*'*,d** d*& (&-r/*s(

H0&+*& -*'*,d d ( - (


71/92

d** d*& (&-r/*s(d** d*& (&-r/*s(

AKTAAKTA

P%&+2*7*& D**P%&+2*7*& D**

DATADATA INORMASIINORMASI

O*' 8U*/*

M*&*2 M%'*&('

E2%'r(' E2%'r&('

Alat Pengola/an data

S3*r* 0%r(* 3*&+2*3*' d(/* /%d(*

S3*r* 0%r(* 3*&+2 ' d( d(


72/92

2*3*' d(/* /%d(*2*3*' d(/* /%d(*

B%&*r %r*d( 8*d* -*'*

A'*2 8'%%)**& 5*'

L%&+'*)

A)* *d*&3* 8O0%'(-

B%r(/0*&+

M%&*r('

A'r* d*& %2*s

T%rss& 0*('

*d* s*&d*r r/s

)%&2(s*& : >W1H

S*&d*r r/s)%&2(s*& 0%r(*

S*&d*r r/s)%&2(s*& 0%r(*


73/92

)%&2(s*& 0%r(*)%&2(s*& 0%r(*

>W 1H W7* a,a yang terjadi

W7%r% di mana /al itu terjadi

W7%& ka,an ,eristi5a itu terjadi

W7 sia,a yang terli0atterli/at

W73 menga,a /al itu terjadi (L;)

H5 0agaimana ,roses terjadinya

S(-* B%r(*

S(-* B%r(*


74/92

M%&+*r*7'*& )%/0**, )%&d%&+*r

8)%/(rs* /%&+('( *2r )%&2(s.

M%/0%r( )%&%r*&+*& 22sr*s(

d*& &7;&7.

M%&/07'*& ** /%/0*&+'('*&s%/*&+* /(*s( *&+

S/0%r B%r(*

S/0%r B%r(*


75/92

#$%&'T&()

M)*+'&)

K/)2*&d*r( 0%r0*+*(0%r(*

O0s%r*s( W*5*&*r*

K&-%r%&s( P%rs

O)(&(& &%5s

O)(&(& &%5s


76/92

J%&(s B%r(*J%&(s B%r(*

I&%s(+*(&s

&%5s

I&%s(+*(&s

&%5s

O)(&(& &%5sO)(&(& &%5s

D%)7 &%5sD%)7 &%5s

Sr*(+7 &%5sSr*(+7 &%5s

I&%r)r%*(%

&%5sI&%r)r%*(%

&%5s


77/92

Sr*(+7 &%5sSr*(+7 &%5s B%r(* 2*&+s&+

*)* *d*&3*, d(2(ss%*r* s(&+'* d*&

2+*s. S%0*+(*&

0%s*r 7*2*/*&d%)*& sr* '*0*r

0%r(s( %&(s 0%r(*

(&(.


78/92

D%)7 &%5sD%)7 &%5s B%r(* /%&d*2*/

d('%/0*&+'*&

d%&+*&

)%&d*2*/*& 7*2;

7*2 3*&+ *d* d(

0*5*7 s*

)%r/'**&.

I ( (


79/92

I&%s(+*(&s&%5s

I&%s(+*(&s&%5s B%r(* 3*&+

d('%/0*&+'*&

0%rd*s*r'*&

)%&%2((*& **

)%&3%2(d(d'*&

d*r( 0%r0*+*(

s/0%r.


80/92

I&%r)r%*(%

&%5s

I&%r)r%*(%

&%5s B%r(* 3*&+d('%/0*&+'*&

d%&+*&

)%&d*)* **)%&(2*(*&

)%&2(s&3* **

r%)r%r

O)(&(& &%5s

O)(&(& &%5s B%r(* /%&+%&*(


81/92

O)(&(& &%5sO)(&(& &%5s B%r(* /%&+%&*()%&d*)* s%s%r*&+8)*r* %&d('(*5*&,'7, *72(, **)%*0* /%&+%&*(s* 7*2, )%r(s(5*,

'&d(s()2%'ss0d7*&'*/,d22.

P%/*'*(*& (d%, )%&d*)* ** '**;'** s%s%r*&+ /%&*d(

-*'* d*2*/ 2(&+') r&*2(s(' 2*(/ d(s%0 fact in idea.

B*+(*&;0*+(*& 3*&+/%/0%&' s%0*7

B*+(*&;0*+(*& 3*&+/%/0%&' s%0*7


82/92

0%r(*/%/0%&' s%0*7

0%r(*

Jd2 B%r(*

T%r*s B%r(*

T%/)*

%r*d(&3* 0%r(*

8D*% L(&%

T07 B%r(*

udul erita


83/92

#e,ala 0erita 87%*d2(&%, +&*&3*

&' /%/)%r'%&*2'*& (s( 0%r(* 3*&+*'*& d(2(s. Jd2 (&( 7%&d*'&3*

/%&%r/(&'*& (s( 0%r(* d*& d(2(s

d%&+*& 7r- 0%s*r s%r* %)*2 s%)*3*

/%&*r(' )%r7*(*&.

Tempat terjadinya


84/92

berita !ate ine"

I&( /%r)*'*&

'%%r*&+*& s%0*+*(

)%&' %&*&+ %/)*

'%*d(*& 8&*/* '* d*&

)%&3s&*& 0%r(*.

Teras erita


85/92

B(*s*&3* d(&*/*'*& LEAD,

3*( *2%&(* )%r*/* d*r(

s%0*7 0%r(* 3*&+

/%r)*'*& (&( %r)%&(&+

d*r( '%s%2r7*& (s( 0%r(*

3*&+ *'*& d(s*('*&.

Tubuh erita


86/92

B%r(s('*& )*)*r*& /*s*2*7,

)%&%2*s*&;)%&%2*s*& 2%0(7

2*& d*r( %r*s 0%r(*,d(r*('*& 2%0(7 %r)%r(&(

/%&+%&*( (s( 0%r(*.

B%&' B%r(*


87/92

T%'&(s )%&2(s*& 0%r(*3*&+ d(*5*2( d*r(

/*s*2*7 'r*&+

)%&(&+ /%& 3*&+

)*2(&+ )%&(&+.

B%r(* 3*&+ /*s'

'*%+r( s(&+'* d*&d(2(s /2*( d*r( 7*2

3*&+ s*&+* )%&(&+.

P(r*/(d*P(r*/(d* P(r*/(d* T%r0*2(' P(r*/(d* T%r0*2('

?*r* 3*&+ d*)* d(%/)7 d*2*/ /%&+7*d*)()%rs*7**& )%rs 3*&+ /%r+('*& /*s3*r*'* :


88/92

)%rs*7**& )%rs 3*&+ /%r+('*& /*s3*r*'* :

1. M%&+('( )rs%dr 7*' *5*0 d*& 7*' 'r%'s(3*&+ d(s%d(*'*& 2%7 &d*&+;&d*&+.


89/92

M%d(* Tr*d(s(&*2 M%d(* Md%r&

A2* '/&('*s( 3*&+/%/*'*( %'&2+(

s%d%r7*&* 3*&+ /*s(7d()%r*7*&'*&, s%)%r(

/%d(* 0&3( 8'%&&+*&,0%d' %r/)% d22, /%d(*

+%r*'@(s3*r* 8*s*) *)(,'(0*r*& 0%&d%r*, M%d(*

2(s*& 0%r)* s%&( 85*3*&+,2dr', '%)r*', d&+%&+

d*& s%0*+*(&3*

M%d(* '/&('*s( 3*&+

/%&++&*'*& )%r*&+'*

%'&2+( /d%r&, s%)%r(

r*d(, T#, 7*&d)7&%, (d%,

(&%r&%, -(2/, 'r*&, /**2*7,%*%r, s(&%r& d*& 2*(&;2*(&.

Prs%s )%&+)%r*& 2*/0*&+;

2*/0*&+ 3*&+ /%&+*&d&+ *r(*&*r (&d((d.

K/&('*s(

M d( T d( ( 2 M d( M d


90/92

M%d(* Tr*d(s(&*2 M%d(* Md%r&

D(/*&-**'*& 2%7 /*&s(* s%0*+*( s*r*&*0%r'/&('*s( d%&+*& r*&+ 2*(& ** /*s3*r*'*.

M%/0*& '%7(d)*& /*s3*r*'* d*2*/ r*&+'* ('

/%&%rd*s'*&, /%&%+*''*& '%*d(2*& d*& /%/0%r*&*s'%0*(2*&.

M%&+%*7( d*& /%/0%2( s* )rd' '*r%&* *d*('2*& d( /%d(*C *7 *d* 25&+*& '%r* d( 'r*&C

/%&*r( *2*/* %/*& /%2*2( sr* )%/0**C d*)*0%r'(r(/ *r('%2, )(s(, -@+*/0*r d( /%d(* d*& 0(2*

d(/* *'*& d*2*/ 7&r*r(/.

H*2;7*2 2*(& 3*&+)%r2 d('%*7(

H*2;7*2 2*(& 3*&+)%r2 d('%*7(


91/92

UU N. =< *7&


92/92

peranan pers (pkn xii sma) 1

Documents