PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENGATASI

DAMPAK HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK

USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-5 TAHUN)

DI RSUD KABUPATEN SUBANG

KARYA TULIS ILMIAH

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya

Keperawatan

oleh

Aurora Trika Sari

NIM 1606595

PROGRAM STUDI DIII KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA

BANDUNG

2019

PERAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK

HOSPITALISASI PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-6 TAHUN) DI RSUD

KABUPATEN SUBANG

Oleh

Aurora Trika Sari

Sebuah karya tulis ilmiah yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat

memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya Keperawatan pada Fakultas Pendidikan Olahraga

dan Kesehatan

© Aurora Trika Sari 2019

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Juli 2019

Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang.

Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhya atau sebagian,

dengan dicetak ulang, difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa ijin dari penulis.

i

iv

PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM MENGATASI DAMPAK HOSPITALISASI

PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH (3-6 TAHUN)

DI RSUD KABUPATEN SUBANG

AURORA TRIKA SARI 1606595

ABSTRAK

Hospitalisasi dapat menimbulkan krisis pada anak sehingga perlu peran orang tua dapat

meminimalkan dapak hospitalisasi. Studi pendahuluan dilakukan peneliti melalui

wawancara kepada perawat memberikan informasi bahwa anak prasekolah yang dirawat menunjukkan sikap yang kurang kooperatif saat dilakukan tindakan

keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran orang tua mengatasi

dampak hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah di RSUD Kabupaten Subang. Desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan jumlah sempel 60 orang tua

yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah yang di rawat di RSUD Kabupaten Subang. Teknik

sampling yang di gunakan Accidental Sampling dengan instrument kuesioner. Hasil

penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 56% anak menunjukan dampak negatif hospitalisasi dan 74,0% orang tua berperan baik dalam hospitalisasi anak. Penelitian

ini di rekomendasikan kepada RSUD Kabupaten Subang dalam mengedukasi orang

tua dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi pada anak. Selain peran orang tua lingkungan juga dapat menjadi faktor negatif hospitalisasi, pihak rumah sakit dapat

menciptakan lingkungan ruang rawat inap didekor dengan banyak warna dan gambar

kartun kesukaan anak untuk mengurangi dampak negatif hospitalisasi.

Kata Kunci : Peran Orang Tua, Dampak Hospitalisasi, Usia Prasekolah

v

THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN OVERCOMING THE IMPACT OF

HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILDREN'S PRESCHOOL (3-6 YEARS) IN SUBANG

DISTRICT HOSPITAL

AURORA TRIKA SARI

1606595

ABSTRACT

Hospitalization can cause a crisis to children so the need of parents’ role can

minimize the impact of hospitalization. Preliminary studies conducted by

researchers through interviews with nurses provide information that preschool

children who were treated showed a less cooperative attitude when nursing

actions were taken. This study aims to determine the role of parents in

overcoming the impact of hospitalization on preschoolers in Subang District

Hospital. Quantitative research design with a descriptive approach with a number

of samples of 60 parents who have preschool children who are cared for at

Subang District Hospital. The sampling technique used is Accidental Sampling

with a questionnaire instrument. The results of this study indicate that 56% of

children showed a negative impact on hospitalization and 74.0% of parents

played a good role in hospitalization of children. This research was recommended

to the Subang District Hospital in educating parents in overcoming the impact of

hospitalization on children. In addition to the role of environmental parents, it

can also be a negative factor in hospitalization, the hospital created an inpatient

ward that was decorated with many colors and children's favorite cartoon images

to reduce a negative impact of hospitalization. Keywords: Role of Parents, Impact of Hospitalization, Preschool Age

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................... i

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... i

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... iv

BAB 1 ................................................................................................................. 1

PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan masalah....................................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan penelitian ................................................................................... 5

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 5

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ................................................................................. 5

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................................. 5

BAB II ................................................................................................................ 6

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA....................................................................................... 6

2.1 Konsep Dasar Anak Prasekolah ............................................................. 6

2.1.1 Anak Prasekolah...................................................................................... 6

2.2 Hospitalisasi ................................................................................................... 6

2.2.1 Pengertian ............................................................................................... 6

2.2.2 Hospitalisasi ............................................................................................ 6

2.2.4 Dampak Hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah ................................. 7

2.2.5 Reaksi anak terhadap hospitalisasi ...................................................... 10

2.2.6 Faktor yang menimbulkan stres ketika anak menjalani hospitalisasi

seperti: ........................................................................................................... 10

2.2.7 Respon Anak ketika Menjalani Hospitalisasi ......................................... 11

2.3 Peran Orang Tua ...................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Peran ibu ............................................................................................... 12

2.3.2 Peran ayah ............................................................................................. 13

2.4 Intervensi keperawatan dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi anak

prasekolah ...................................................................................................... 16

2.5. 1 Konsep Teori Comfort .......................................................................... 17

2. 5.3 Konsep Utama Teori........................................................................... 22

vii

2.6 Kerangka Konsep Penelitian ........................................................................ 23

BAB III.............................................................................................................. 24

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 24

3.1 Desain Penelitian ...................................................................................... 24

3.2 Partisipan dan Waktu Penelitian ............................................................... 24

3.2.1 Partisipan .............................................................................................. 24

3.2.2 Waktu ................................................................................................ 24

3.2.3 Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................... 24

3.3 Populasi dan Sempel Peneltian ................................................................. 24

3.3.1 Populasi ............................................................................................. 24

3.3.2 Sampel .............................................................................................. 24

3.4 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................... 25

3.5 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................. 25

3.6 Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................ 26

2.2 Uji Validitas Instrumen dan Uji Reliabilitas ...................................... 27

3.7.1 Uji Validitas Instrumen...................................................................... 27

3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen .................................................................. 28

3.8 Prosedur penelitian ................................................................................... 28

3.9 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................... 30

3.10 Analisa Data Univariat ........................................................................... 30

3.11 Etika Penelitian ...................................................................................... 31

BAB IV ............................................................................................................. 33

TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................... 33

4.1 Temuan .................................................................................................... 33

4.1.1 Karakteristik Orang Tua .................................................................... 33

4.1.2 Karakteristik Anak............................................................................. 34

4.1.3 Dampak hospitalisasi ......................................................................... 34

4.1.4 Peran orang tua dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi ...................... 35

4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 35

4.2.1 Karakteristik Subjek Penelitian .......................................................... 35

4.2.2 Karakteristik anak .............................................................................. 37

4.2.3 Dampak hospitalisasi pada anak usia prasekolah ............................ 39

4.2.4 Peran orang tua dalam mengatasi dampak hospitalisasi ................. 40

4.2.5 Keterbatasan Penelitian ................................................................... 43

viii

BAB V ............................................................................................................... 44

SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI .......................................... 44

5.1 Simpulan .................................................................................................. 44

5.1.1 Implikasi ........................................................................................... 44

5.1.2 Rekomendasi ..................................................................................... 44

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DAFTAR TABEL

3.5 Definisi operasional…………………………………………..……….27

3.1 Tabel Jumlah Pertanyaan Responden…………………………...…28

4.1 Tabel Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik orang tua………………..…34

4.2 Tabel Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik anak………………………..35

4.3 Tabel Dampak Hospitalisasi Pada Anak……………………………...35

4.4 Tabel Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mengatasi Dampak Hospitalisasi……36

x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Penjelasan tentang Penelitian

Lampiran 2 Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Responden

Lampiran 3 Lembar Kuesioner dan Lembar Observasi Penelitian

Lampiran 4 Lembar surat izin studi pendahuluan

Lampiran 5 Lembar Surat Izin Penelitian

Lampiran 6 Lembar Uji Validitas dan Reabilitas

Lampiran 7 Lembar Hasil Perhitungan SPSS

Lampiran 8 Lembar Bimbingan

Lampiran 9 Lembar Tahap pelaksanaan dan waktu penelitian

Lampiran 10 lembar Refisi sidang kti

45

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