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7/28/2019 Penelitian & Perkembangan Biotekdok

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RESEARCHAND

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENTKiagus M Arsyad

Faculty Of MedicineSriwijaya University


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INTRODUCTION

SCIENCE AND RESEARCH HAS CLOSED

RELATIONSHIP,

RESEARCH IS AN EFFORT TO DEVELOPSCIENCES,

RESEARCH IN MEDICAL AND HEALTH FIELDS

HAS GOAL TO DEVELOP MEDICAL AND HEALTH

SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY


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WHY RESEARCH IS

SO IMPORTANT IN MEDICINE ?

1. Challenges in Health

problems,

2. Medical Decision, and

3. Medical Intervention


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Basic Discovery Today Provides

the Foundation for Tomorrows Medicine

Basic Research

and

Technology Development

TranslationalResearch

Clinical

Applications


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Computerized decision

support system (CDSS)

Evidence-based

Journal abstracts

Cochrane reviews

Original published

Articles in journals

The 4S organization of evidence from research

System

Synopses

Synthese

Studies


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RESEARCH EVIDENCE

CLINICAL COMPETENCY PATIENT RIGHT

CLINICAL BASED EVIDENCE

CBE


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Phases of research in Medicine

Phase 1: safety/ maximum dose

Healthy volunteers; terminal patients

Phase 2: dosis-effect relation / optimal dose

(double blind, placebo)

Usually patients

Phase 3: surplus value

Comparative tests; double blind

Phase 4: long term effects

Following of patients/users


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TO EXPLAIN

TO PREDICT

TO CHANGE

UNIVERSE

SCIENCE MISSION :


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To explain DiagnoseTo predict PrognoseTo change Treatment

To solve Medical and Health Problems

MEDICAL SCIENCES MISSION :


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NATURAL HISTORY OF THE DISEASE

Etiology

Pat.Anatomy

Pat.Physiol

Clin.MnifesOutcomeassumptions

Interventions

CLINICAL COURSE OF THE DISEASE

Defense Mechanism

pathogenesis


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LOGICAL APPROACH TO SOLVE

MEDICAL PROBLEMS

Diagnostic Process

Etiology

Pat.Anatomy

Pat.physiol.

Clin.MnifesOutcome

ELABORATE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

== Clinical examinationsANALYSE THE PATHO PHYSIOLOGY

= Functional diagnosis

ANALYSE THE PATHO-ANATOMY

= Anatomical diagnosisANALYSE THE ETIOLOGY

= Causal diagnosisESTIMATE THE THE DEFENSE MECHANISM

= Functional diagnosis

Pathogenesis vs

defense mechanisms

Sequelae


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MEDICAL PROBLEMS

Medical IntervesionEtiology

Pat.anatomy

Pat.physiol.

Clin.MnifesOutcome

= Symptomatic diagnosis IDENTIFY SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY

= Functional diagnosis= Anatomical diagnosis

IDENTIFY PALLIATIVE AND SUPPORTIVE THERAPY

= Causal diagnosis IDENTIFY CAUSAL THERAPY

= Defence mechanism

IDENTIFY SUPPORTIVE THERAPY TO ENHANCE DEFENCE .MECH.

Pathogenesis vs

defense mechanisms


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Etiology

Pat.Anatomy

Pat,physiol.

Clin.MnifesOutcome

Estimate the role of etiology

Estimate the structural and functional damages

Identify the relevant intervention

Estimate the feasibility of interventionAnalyze the prognosis, for :

The pertinency of etiology probability of chronicity and recurrenceThe recovery of damages qua ad sanationumThe probability of death

qua ad vitam

Pathogenesis vs

defense mechanisms

Sequelae


MEDICAL PROBLEMS

Prognostic Process


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ELECTRONE MIKROSCOPE


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MOLECULAR

BIOLOGY

ANDGENETIC


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DNA AS GENETIC MATERIALk

TH Morgan,et all, gene in chromosom , its

chemical component are DNA and protein,

DNA double helix, inherited to descendant,

DNA molecul as Double Helix found byWatson and Crick as basic mechanism of

DNA replication


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DNA TEST :

1. Polymerase Chain Reaction

(PCR),

2. Northern Blot,

3. Southern Blot.


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MEDICAL APPLICATION

There 2 application :

1. Disease Diagnostic,

2. Human gene Therapy,

By using PCR


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DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC

1. PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS,

2. SCREENING TEST FOR NEWBORN BABBY,

3. INFECTIOUS DISEASES,

4. MALIGNANCY DISEASES


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RELATION OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS

WITH ABORTUS

Abortus > provocatus & medicinalis

Unwanted pregnancy

Prolife & Prolife

Fetus as Object>


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TECHNIQUES FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC


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TECHNIQUES FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSTIC


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Aplication for Medical Forensic

Indentification for crime and parenting

Methods :

Southern Blood,

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP)

Simple Tandem Repeats (STRs)

PCR.


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Aplication for Pharmacy

To produce Pharmacy products,

Product :

Hormone (insulin, HGH),

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA),

Antisense Nucleic acid,

Vaccine,


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Gene TherapyTwo Types of Gene Therapy

Ex Vivo

Donor/Recipient

CellVector

In Vivo

Recipient

CellVirus/Vector

Manipulated Cells

Expansion

of cells


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Natural Fertilization


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Zygote

Blastocyst

Morula


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ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVETECHNOLOGY

Artificial Insemination

In-Vitro Fertilizatio (IVF)

Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI).

Cloning


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ICSI TECHNIQUE

CLONING TECHNIQUE


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CLONING TECHNIQUE


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Types of Human Stem Cells

HumanEmbryonicStem Cells

(hESC)

HumanAdultStem Cells

(hASC)

Occur only in early development Occur in adult organisms


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Differentiation of human tissues


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Human Adult Stem Cell

In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow,muscle & brain, discrete population of AdultStem Cells generate replacement cells

Give the bodys ability to repair and replacethe cells and tissues of some organs

Are dispersed in tissues throughout themature organism and behave very differentlydepending on the local environment


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The Promises of Stem Cell Research


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Tumor Vaccines

Cells

Lysates

Proteins, peptides

Gene therapies Idiotypic and

anti-idiotypic

antibodies


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Blood stem cells (Hematopoietics) taken from an umbilical cord.

DCGT P d t


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DCGT Products:

Cellular Therapy

Circulation 2002;106:1913

Stem cells

Pancreatic islets

Cord blood cells

ChondrocytesLymphocytes

Macrophages

Myocytes


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Xenotransplantation

(Cells and Tissues)

Animal sourcesRecipients,

Contacts and the Public

Procure & Process

Xenotransplantation

Product


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THE RESEARCH CYCLE

RESEARCH

NEW SCIENCEAND

TECHNOLOGY

HEALTH PROBLEMS

NEW HEALTH PROBLEMS


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Overview

Molecular Medicine

Genome

Information

Individualised

healthcare

Genotyping

Haplotyping

Functional

genomics

proteomics

Individual

genomics

(SNPs and

mutations)

Gene

Expression

DNA arrays

MS, 2D ef

Disease

classification

Pharmaco-

genomics

Diagnosis

Pharmaco-

genetics

Molecular

medicine

HumanGeneticVariation

Molecular causes ofdiseases

Technologies Data Applications

BIOINFORMATICS & MEDICAL INFORMATICS


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Assignment :

Made articles concerning to :

1. PCR for crime and parenting,

2. Blood umbilical cord therapy

3. Drug made by Biomolecular technology

4. Convensional Transplantation,

5. Xenotransplantation technology

6. Cell therapy by using stem cell

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