Panca InderaAnatomi Fisiologi ManusiaSemester gasal 2012-2013by Rika Yulia

Special sensesby Rika Yulia*smelltouchhearingtastesight

by Rika Yulia

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Special sensesby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Fungsi special sensesMerespon berbagai stimulus

Stimulus : ekternal & internal

Reseptor

Setiap tipe reseptor sensitif u 1 tipe stimulusby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Reseptor by Rika Yulia*

Receptor Type Sense Stimulus Ruffini's endings, Krause end bulbsRadioreceptorHot-coldHeat flowMerkel's and Meissner's endingsMechanoreceptorTouchMechanical displacement of tissueFree nerve endingsChemoreceptorPainTissue damageEyeRadioreceptorSightLightEarMechanoreceptorHearingSound waveOlfactory cellsChemoreceptorSmellChemicalsTaste budsChemoreceptorTasteChemicals

by Rika Yulia

The eye & vision70% reseptor sensoris terdapat di mataby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Anatomi mataeksternal & accessory structuresDiameter 1 inch (2,5 cm)

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

The accessory structuresby Rika Yulia*Lacrimal apparatusconjunctivaeyelidsExtrinsic eye muscles

by Rika Yulia

The accessory structuresby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Konjuntiva Membran transparan, melapisi bola mata (eyeball)

Menghasilkan mukus, utk lubrikasi

Conjungtivitis : reddened, irritated eyes

Pinkeye : infeksi, menularby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lacrimal apparatusTerdiri dr lacrimal glands & sejumlah saluran sekresi lacrimal ke nasal cavity

Lacrimal glands : release a dilute salt solution (tears)

Tears eyeballlacrimal canaliculi nasolacrimal duct

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lacrimal by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan lacrimalMensekresi mukus, antibodi dan lisosim

Membersihkan & memproteksi

Sekresi lacrimal (iritasi or emosional): congestion

Nasal cavity mucosa lacrimal dict system : cold or nasal inflammation : inflamasi lacrimal mucosaby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Extrincic eye muscleU pergerakan mata, shg memungkinkan u mengikuti objek yg bergerakby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Extrincic eye muscleby Rika Yulia*

Name Action Lateral rectusMoves eye laterallyMedial rectusMoves eye mediallySuperior rectusElevated eye & turn it mediallyInferior rectusDepresses eye & turn it mediallyInferior obligueSuperior obligue

by Rika Yulia

Struktur Internal MataEyeball .

Dinding tdr 3 lapisan : fibrous layer (sclera + Cornea), vascular layer, sensory layer

Lensa : the main focus apparatus of the eye

Interior (ruang antara lensa & retina) berisi cairan (vitreous humors) : fungsi pemeliharaanby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Cornea & Scleraby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan organ intrinsikSclera : white of the eye, di bgn dlm, koroid, mgd byk pembuluh darah

Cornea : windows, menerima cahaya, bagian yg paling terpapar

Cornea memiliki kemampuan u repair it self

Cornea merupakan jaringan transplantasi tanpa rejectionby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Vascular layerThe middle layer of the eyeball

Terdiri dr 3 bagian : posterior choroid (bgn dalam sclera), mgd banyak pembuluh darah, dark pigment

Anterior, choroid dimodifikasi mjd 2 btk struktur otot polos (ciliary body) + iris

Iris, terletak di dpn lensa, terdiri dr otot yg dapat melebarkan pupil

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan pupilBekerja spt diaphragm of a camera

Meregulasi jumlah cahaya yg masuk

Cahaya terang, pupil kontriksi

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Iris, pupil, retina, dllby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Sensory layerTwo-layer retina, meluas ke bgn anterior, ke ciliary body

The outer pigmented layer of the retina: tdr dr sel 2 pigmen, dg fungsi :absorbsi & mencegah pembiasan cahaya

Memfagositosis sel2 reseptor yg rusak

Menyimpan vit A

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Retina The transparent inner neural layer of retina : jutaan sel reseptor, sel batang (rods) & sel kerucut (cones)

Photoreceptors : merespon cahaya

Sel batang : segmen luar tipis spt batang

Sel kerucut : segmen bgn dlm tebal & segmen luar sp kerucut

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan retina 6 juta sel kerucut, 120 jt sel batang / mata

Signal listrik melewati photoreceptors, melalui bipolar cells & ganglion optic nerveoptic nervevision

Sel2 photoreceptor terdistribusi diseluruh retina kecuali : optic disc or blind spot

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan retinaBila cahaya dr objek difokuskan ke optic disc ; tdk dilihat

The rods & cones, tdk setiap waktu didistribusikan dlm retina

Rods banyak di perifer, sdkt di pusat retina

Night blindness :

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan retinaCones : memungkinkan melihat dunia penuh warna dlm kondisi terang

Banyak terdapat di center of retina

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lensa Cahaya masuk mata difokuskan ke retina oleh lensa

Waktu muda, lensa, transparan sempurna. Konsistensinya spt jelli. Tua menjadi keras & opaque

Katarak

Faktor lain ; DM, sering terpapar cahaya yh intensif, perokok beratby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan lensaTerdiri dr 2 segmen or chambers

Bagian anterior (aqueous segment): mgd cairan jernih berair (aqueous humor), menjaga tek intraokular, menyediakan nutrisi

Bagian posterior (vitreous segment) : mgd substansi spt gel (vitreous humor), mencegah bola mata collapsing inwardby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Lanjutan lensa Glaukoma : tekanan dalam mata, menekan retina & saraf optic

Timbul nyeri,

Merupakan penyebab blindness pada elderly

Progress slowly, no symptoms

Terapi : eye drops, laser

by Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

Fisiologi melihatMekanisme pembentukan citra

Panjang gelombang cahaya ; 397 723 nm

Citra (image) suatu benda dlm lingkungan difokuskan di

Berkas cahaya yg sampai itu akan mencetuskan potensial dlm sel batang & kerucutby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia

lanjutanImpuls yg timbul diteruskan ke kortek sereblum, tjd sensasi penglihatanby Rika Yulia*

by Rika Yulia