optimalisasi pengawasan dan penertiban oleh satuan polisi pamong praja terhadap pemasangan reklame...

8/2/2019 OPTIMALISASI PENGAWASAN DAN PENERTIBAN OLEH SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA TERHADAP PEMASANGAN REKLAME DI KOTA MALANG BERDAS

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4/69

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Cs`wlm`|`/ Va{yabcas 3;; ( Vyqil Il V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` Edy` Bò`jg ,/ @gqv \qol`jyd VH*BH/ Oqynl Annajil VH* B*Hqb

Qjyqe babajqhl vac`gl`j v|`s y"v|`s y iò`b bab{asdoah gao`s eav`sm`j``j

iò`b lobq hqeqb {ajqolv bajqolv vesl{vl iajg`j mqiqo D{ylbòlv`vl [ajg`w`v`j

I`j [ajasylc`j Doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` Yashì`{ [ab`v`jg`j Saeo`ba

Il Edy` Bò`jg Casi`v`se`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> ( Vyqil Il

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` Edy Bò jg ,* Hò ljl ilo y`scaoè`jgl iajg`j

c`j|èj|` {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il wlo`|`h Edy` Bò`jg* V`yq`j

[dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` vac`g l `{`s`y |`jg bab{qj|`l wawaj`jg i o`b

bajasylce`j {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba/ h`b{ls vayl`{ h`sl bajasylce`j

saeo`ba |`jg yas{`v`jg i`j yliè vavq`l iajg`j v|`s`y"v|`s`y va{asyl |`jg

yasbèyqc i o`b [as yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg

[aj|aoajgg`s``j saeo`ba*

Qjyqe lyq sqbqv`j b`vò`h |`jg è`j il`jge`y {ajqolv iò`b vesl{vl ljl vac`g`l

casleqy = (0, Eajiò` eajiò` `{` v`m` |`jg ilhì`{l doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

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saeo`ba/ (3, C`g`lb`j` d{ylbòlv`vl vasy` q{`|` q{`|` |`jg iloèqe`j doah

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{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba casi`v`se`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg Jdbds 9 y`hqj

3;;> Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j Saeo`ba*

Iò`b q{`|` qjyqe bajgay`hql i`j bajg`jòlv` d{ylbòlv`vl {ajg`w`v`j i`j

{ajasylc`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg yashì`{{ab`v`jg`j Saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg vasy` cacas`{` eajiò` i`j q{`|` |`jg

iloèqeè`j v`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h edy` Bò jg iò`b

bajg`y vlj|`* Bè` baydia {ajiae`y`j |`jg ilgqjè`j ìò`h |qslilv

vdvldodglv/ ilvljl ilbèvqie`j qjyqe bajge`ml i`sl vagl hqeqb ìbljlvys`vl

jag`s `y`q {as`yqs`j |`jg cashqcqjg`j iajg`j {ajg yqs`j i`j {ajg`w`v`j

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg i`j d{ylbòlv`vl {aoèv`j``jj|` il

b`v|`sè`y/ i`j vaoqsqh i`y` |`jg il{asdoah il`jòlv` vaf`s` iavesl{yln `jòlylv/

| lyq iajg`j f`s` bao eqe`j {ajiae`y`j o`jgvqjg yashì`{ vq`yq {aslvylw /

baoèqe`j {ajaoqvqs`j o`jgvqjg yashì`{ vq`yq e`vqv |`jg case`ly`j iajg`j `{`

|`jg bajmìl dcmae {ajaolyl`j yasvacqy*

Casi`v se`j {ajaolyl`j |`jg/ {ajqolv bab{asdoah m`w`c`j/ {asy`b`= c`hwèajiò |`jg ilhì`{l V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` ì o`h eqs jgj|` mqbo`h

{asvdjao/ eqs`jgj|` {asò`y`j qjyqe yljiè`j aevaeqvl${abcdjge`s`j/ vasy`

c`j|èj|` saeo`ba ol`s* Eaiq`= d{ylbòlv`vl vasy` q{`|` |`jg iloèqe`j doah

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` ì o`h qjyqe q{`|` iò b bajg`y vl eqs jgj|`

mqbo`h {asvdjao {lhè V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` h`j|` clv` bajqjggq

ea{qyqv`j i`sl Wòledy` vaoèq {am`c`y |`jg caswaj`jg/ i`j eajiò` bajgaj`l

eqs jgj|` {asò y`j |`jg o`|è/ {lhè V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` bajmòlj

eablys``j iajg`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v yashì`{ vayl`{ saeo`ba |`jg

ilaevaeqvl$ilcdjge`s* Bajgaj`l c`j|èj|` saeo`ba |`jg bao`jgg`s/ qjyqe v``y

ljl yashì`{ saeo`ba yay { `y`q bablolel qeqs`j cav`s è`j il mqe`j ea


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{asvli`jg`j/ vabajy`s` qjyqe saeo`ba |`jg casvln`y ljvliajyllo h`j|` vac`y`v

ilaevaeqvl `y`q ilyasylce`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`*

Iajg`j ì`j|` nèy`"nèy` il`y`v/ bè` {asoq els`j|` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg

qjyqe babcasl {ash`yl`j oaclh yashì`{ V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` yasqy`b`

{ì` eajiò`"eajiò` |`jg yajg`h ilhì`{l* E`saj` {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`jsaeo`ba vao`lj baj|ac`ce`j easqgl`j vaf`s` b yasllo |`jg iliasly` doah

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg/ mqg` yao`h bao`jgg`s `{` |`jg yao`h yasbèyqc iò`b

[as`yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j saeo`ba*

E@Y@ [AJG@JY@S


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@vvò`bq o`leqb Ws *Wc*

Vagò` {qml {ajqolv {`jm`ye`j h`j|` eahìls`y Yqh`j \`jg B`h` Eq`v`

|`jg yao`h babcasle`j s`hb`y i`j e`sqjl` |`jg ylì` hajylj|` hljgg` {ajqolv

v`b`{l {ì` y`h`{ ljl/ vaaljg {ajqolv ì`{y baj|aoav`le`j vesl{vl iajg`j mqiqo




Y@HQJ 3;;> ( Vyqil il V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` Edy` Bò`jg ,

Vesl{vl ljl ilvqvqj vac`g`l v|`s`y qjyqe bab{asdoah gao`s eav`sm`j``j iò`b

Lobq Hqeqb*

[ajqolv baj|ì`sl c`hw` eacash`vlo`j {aj|qvqj`j vesl{vl ljl yliè i`{`y

yasoa{`v i`sl ì`j|` c`jyq`j/ idsdjg`j i`j id` i`sl casc`g`l {lhè* Doah e`saj`

lyq iò`b eavab{`y`j ljl/ {ajqolv ljgqj bajgqf`{e`j yaslb` e`vlh |`jg vacav`s"

cav`sj|` ea{ì` =

0* C`{è Hasb`j Vqs|deqbdsd/ V*H*/B*V* vaoèq Iae`j Nèqoy`v Hqeqb

Qjl~asvly`v Cs`wlm`|` Bò`jg*

3* C`{è @gqv \qol jyd/ V*H/ B*H* vaoèq Eayq` C`gl j Hqeqb

@ibljlvys`vl Jag`s` vaeòlgqv vaoèq Idvaj [abclbcljg L/ `y`v `s`h`j

i`j clbcljg`jj|` vao`b` {aj|qvqj`j vesl{vl*

6* C`{èOqynl Annajil/ VH/ B*Hqb* vaoèq Idvaj [abclbcljg LL/ `y`v

`s`h`j i`j clbcljg`jj|` vao`b` {aj|qvqj`j vesl{vl*

9* C`{è Ls* C`bc`jg Vqh`slmìl/ vaoèq Ea{ò` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg |`jg yao`h babcasle`j lmlj {ajqolv qjyqebaoèqe`j {ajaolyl`j vasy` baoq`jge`j wèyqj|` c`gl {ajqolv iò`b

baji`{`ye`j h`vlo w`w`jf`s` *

1* C`{è Vdagl`jyd/ V*{i* vao eq Ea{ò Cli`jg [aj|lile`j I`j

[ajljiè`j |`jg yao`h baoq`jge`j wèyqj|` c`gl {ajqolv i o`b

baji`{`ye`j h`vlo w`w`jf`s` i`j babc`jyq baji`{`ye`j i`y` |`jg

il{asoqe`j**


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>* Isv* Bdfh`bì \qvqn* Vaoèq E`vl [aj|lile`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m` Edy` Bò`jg `y`v ljndsb`vlj|` iò`b baj|aoav`le`j vesl{vl ljl

7* Eaoq`sg` C`{è H*Lih`b i`j Lcq Hm*B`vjl yasfljy` cavasy` eaylg`

eèèeq/ @yl i`j eaoq`sg` il B`gay`j/ Qilj (@ob,/ B`lo |`jg vaoòq

bajiqeqjg/ casid / i`j leho`v babcl`|`l eqol`h iabl eavqevav`j

{qys` cqjgvqbq*

8* Eaoq`sg` cav`s il C`jm sb`vlj* E`l/ Jljl (@ob,/ Hm* B`vj`/ @b`y/

@blj cavasy lvysl |`jg c`j|è yao`h babc`jyq vao`b` b v`

bajmò`je`j eqol`h*


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@ehlsj|` {aj|qvqj baj|ì`sl c`hw` Vesl{vl ljl b vlh m`qh i sl

vab{qsj * I`j {ajqolv babdhdj b``n `{`clo` yasi`{`y eavò`h`j iò`b

{ajqolv`j vesl{vl ljl c`le vajg`m` `y`q{qj yliè*

Vabdg` vesl{vl ljl i`{`y casb`jn``y c`gl ely` vabq` i`j {aseabc`jg`j

lobq {ajgay`hq`j ehqvqvj|` lobq hqeqb*

W`vvò`bqò`leqb Ws* Wc*

Bò`jg/ < Va{yabcas 3;;

I* B`jn``y [ajaolyl`j ******************************************************************** >

A* Vlvyab`yle` [ajqolv`j **************************************************************** 7

C@C LL E@ML@J [QVY@E@

@* E`ml`j Qbqb Yajy`jg D{ylbòlv`vl******************************************

3* Flsl"Flsl Eaclmè`j Jag`s` ***************************************************** 08

I* E`ml`j Qbqb Yajy`jg Saeo`ba *********************************************** 0

F* Majlv I`j Vqbcas I`y` *************************************************************** 37

I* Yaejle [ajgqb{qo`j I`y` ********************************************************** 37


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0* I`y` [slbas ***************************************************************************** 37

3* I`y` Vaeqjias ************************************************************************ 38

6* Sav{djiaj ****************************************************************************** 38

A* [d{qo`vl i`j V`b{ao ******************************************************************* 3

Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j Saeo`ba ******************************************** 9

O@B[LS@J


12/69

I@NY@S Y@CAO I@J C@G@J

Y@CAO =

Y`cao 0 = I`y` Majlv [ao`jgg`s`j Saeo`ba Ljvliajylo $ Bqvlb`j

\`jg Vasljg Ilyasylce`j*************************************************************** 68

Y`cao 3 = I`y` Majlv [ao`jgg`s`j Saeo`ba Casqeqs`j Cav`s

\`jg Vasljg Ilyasylce`j *************************************************************** 90

Y`cao 6 = [ao`jgg`s`j Saeo`ba \`jg Il`mqe`j ea Yljge`y

[asvli`jg`j Y`hqj 3;;< ************************************************************** 93

C@G@J =C`g`j vysqeyqs dsg`jlv`vl V`yq`j [`bdjg [s`m` Edy` B`o`jg ******************* 67


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C@C L

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@* O`y`s Cao e`jg

[aseabc`jg`j Hqeqb @ibljlvys`vl Jag`s` il Ljidjavl` v``y ljl yao`h

bajgò`bl {asqc`h`j |`jg v`jg`y fa{`y* [aj`bc`h`j b`q{qj

{aj|ab{qsj``j vq`yq `yqs`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j il cli`jg Hqeqb

@ibljlvys`vl Jag`s` mqg` bajgò`bl vq`yq ilj`ble` {asqc`h`j iabl

bajm`g` ea{`vyl`j hqeqb |`jg è`j ilyas`{e`j doah {abasljy`h ea{ì`

b`v|`sè`yj|`* [asqc`h`j hqeqb yasmìl vavq`l iajg`j {asqc`h`j |`jg

yasmìl {ì` vlvyab vdvlò i`sl iò`b b`v|`sè`y lyq vajilsl/ vahljgg` hqeqb

è`j caseabc`jg vavq`l iajg`j {aseabc`jg`j |`jg yasmìl iò b vq yq

b`v|`sè`y*0

Iajg`j ilcasoèqe`j|` eayay`{`j B[S SL jdbds X^$B[S$0


14/69

y`hqj 3;;8 mqg` bajgò bl {asqc`h`j iajg`j ilcasoèqe`jj|` Qji`jg"

Qji`jg Jdbds 03 Y`hqj 3;;8 Yajy`jg [asqc`h`j Eaiq` @y`v Qji`jg"

Qji`jg Jdbds 63 Y`hqj 3;;9 Yajy`jg [abasljy`h`j Iàs`h*

Il iò`b Qji`jg"Qji`jg 63 Y`hqj 3;;9 cavasy` Qji`jg"Qji`jg

{asqc`h`jj|`/ {abasljy`h iàs`h bablolel vq`yq eawaj`jg`j |`jg dydjdb

iò`b bajgaodo` b`q{qj bajgabc`jge`j {dyajvl iàs`hj|`* Hò yasvacqy

yliè yasoa{`v i`sl ì`j|` b`j`mabaj eaq`jg`j iàs`h |`jg bajg`yqs @[CI

(@jgg`s`j [aji`{`y`j i`j Cao`jm` Iàs`h, i`sl vq`yq iàs`h* Ljfdba `y`q

{ajaslb``j {ab`vqe`j vq`yq iàs`h mqg` basq{è`j hò |`jg v`jg`y ~lyò

iò`b bajgaodo` vwì`|` {abasljy`h`j iàs`h iò`b s`jge` bajmò`je`j

dydjdbl iàs`h vavq`l |`jg yasbèyqc iò`b {as`yqs`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j*

@i`{qj vqbcas"vqbcas {ajaslb``j iàs`h iò`b {aoèv`j``j dydjdbl

iàs`h yasvacqy `jy s` o`lj ì o`h [@I ([aji`{`y j @vol Iàs`h,/ i`j`

{aslbc`jg`j/ i`j {ajaslb``j iàs`h* Vò`h v`yq vqbcas {aji`{`y`j `vol

ias`h | lyq i`sl {`m e i`sl saeo`ba$leo`j* Eacasì``j saeo`ba$leo`j ljl

yasi`{ y il mò`j"m o`j i`j {qv y eagl`y j b`v|`sè`y |`jg b`vlh b`vqe

iò b wlo |`h ìbljlvys`yln vq yq iàs`h* Cajyqe saeo`ba$leo`j yasvacqy

casq{` còlhd/ v{`jiqe/ jadj vlgh/ i`j qbcqo"qbcqo*

Saeo ba ìò h caji`/ ò`y/ {ascq y`j `y q bail` |`jg bajqsqy

cajyqe/vqvqj`j i`j fdsè s`g`bj|` ilyqmqe`j qjyqe edbasvlò/ il{asgqjè`j

qjyqe bab{aseajòe`j/ bajg`jmqse`j/ `y`q babqmle`j vq`yq c`s`jg/ m`v`

`y`q ds`jg `y`q{qj baj`sle {ash`yl`j qbqb ea{ì` vq`yq c`s`jg/ m`v` `y`q


15/69

ds`jg |`jg il yab{`ye`j `y`q i`{`y ilolh`y/ ilc`f` `y`q iliajg`s i`sl vq`yq

yab{`y doah qbqb/ eafqòl doah [abasljy`h `y`q [abasljy`h Iàs`h*3

C`j|è saeo`ba il{`v`jg y`j{` l}lj b`q{qj saeo`ba |`jg vqi`h

eìòqw`sv` b`v` l}lj j|` (ax{lsai, bajmìl {asb`v o`h`j yasvajilsl il

cacas`{` iàs`h il Ljidjavl`/ hò yasvacqy mqg` yliè yaseafqòl yasmìl il

wlo`|`h ìbljlvys yln [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg* Qjyqe lyq il{asoqe`j vq`yq

{ajg`yqs`j |`jg oaclh ehqvqv iò`b cajyqe vacq`h [as`yqs`j Iàs`h iò`b

baj`jg`jl {asb`vò`h`j `y`q{qj {sdcoab`yle` saeo`ba |`jg bqjfqo il

wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln Edy` Bò`jg*

[abasljy`h vac`g l {ajgq v` iò b hò ljl ì o`h [abasljy`h Edy

Bò`jg/ bajggqjè`j ljvysqbaj |qslilv vac`g`l v`s`j` iò`b bajgajiòle`j

{asb`vò`h`j saeo`ba |`jg yasmìl** Ljysqbaj |qslilv |`jg ilbèvqi

bab{qj| l vln`y `{ole`yln |`jg vaf`s` o`jgvqjg i`{ y ilyas`{e`j {ì`

b`v|`sè`y*6 Iò`b hò ljl/ [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg bajggqjè`j [ASI@

Jd* 9 Y`hqj 3;;> vac`g`l ljvysqbaj |qslilv {ajgajiòl`j {ascq`y`j saeo`ba

il edy` Bò`jg*

[as`yqs`j iàs`h basq{è`j {as`yqs`j qjyqe b`v|`sè`y il iàs`h vac`g`l

{sdiqe oaglvo`yln il iàs`h (I[SI, casv`b` ea{ò` iàs`h* Bajqsqy [`vò > Yajy`jg

[aj|aoajgg`s``j Saeo`ba basq{è`j yqg`v i`sl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg* [ajagèe`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h b`q{qj [as`yqs`j

Wòledy` iò`b s`jge` babaolh`s` i`j baj|aoajgg`sè`j eayajys`b`j i`j


17/69

eayasylc`j qbqb basq{è`j vò`h v`yq c`gl j yqg`v i`sl V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m`*1 Bè` {ajqolv bajg`bclo mqiqo = D{ylbòlv`vl [ajg`w`v`j

i`j [ajasylc`j Doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` Yashì`{ [ab`v`jg`j

Saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg Casi`v`se`j [asi` Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> (vyqil

e`vqv il V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg

C* Sqbqv j B`vò`h

I`sl o`y s cao e`jg |`jg yao h ilm c`se`j yasvacqy bè` ylbcqo vq yq

{asb`vò`h`j `jy`s` o`lj =

0* Eajiò eajiò `{` v`m` |`jg ilhì`{l doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s m` iò`b baoèv`jè`j [ajg`w`v`j i`j [ajasylc`j yashì`{

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba 4

3* C`g`lb`j` d{ylbòlv`vl vasy` q{`| q{`|` |`jg iloèqe`j doah V`yq`j

[dolvl [`bdjg [s m` iò`b s`jge` {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j

yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba casi`v`se`j [as yqs`j Iàs h Edy

Bò`jg Jdbds 9 y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j Saeo`ba 4

F* Yqmq`j [ajaolyl j

1 [ v o 9 [as yqs j Iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg Jdbds 7 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg[abcajyqe`j Eaiqiqe`j/ Yqg`v [dede/ Nqjgvl/ Vqvqj`j Dsg`jlv`vl/ [è`l`j Ilj`v/

[asoajge`{`j/ i`j [asò`y`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`*


18/69

@i`{qj vaf`s` qbqb yqmq`j i`sl {ajaolyl`j ljl ìò`h qjyqe bajgay`hql

c`g`lb`jè`h d{ylbòlv`vl {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba casi`v`se`j [asi` Jd 9 Y`hqj 3;;>*

Vai`jge`j vaf`s` ehqvqv {ajaolyl`j ljl casyqmq`j qjyqe =

0* Qjyqe bajgay`hql i`j bajg`jòlvlv eajiò` eajiò `{` |`jg

ilhì`{l [abasljy`h Edy` B o`jg i o`b bao ev`jè`j

{ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba*

3* Qjyqe bajgay`hql i`j bajg`jòlvlv d{ylb olv vl vasy q{`|`

{ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` iò`b

s`jge` {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba

casi`v`se`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg Jd 9 y`hqj 3;;>*

I* B`jn``y [ajaolyl j

0* Vaf`s Yadslylv

Vac`g`l v`s`j` qjyqe {ajgabc`jg`j yadsl"yadsl il cli`jg lobq hqeqb

ìbljlvys`vl jag`s` ehqvqvj|` case`ly`j iajg`j {ajas`{`j i`j d{ylbòlv`vl

vq`yq eaclmè`j {abasljy`h *

3* Vaf`s {sèylv

I`{`y babcasle`j b`vqe`j casq{` {ablels`j vac`g l qv`h` iò b

{abaf`h`j b`vò`h |`jg case`ly`j iajg`j {ajg`yqs`j {aoèv`j``j Saeo`ba

il edy cav`s ehqvqvj|` Edy Bò jg/ vahljgg` i`{`y bao hlse`j vq`yq

eaclmèv`j``j |`jg casb`jn``y i`j yliè basqgle`j {ab`v`jg saeo`ba lyq

vajilsl iò`b {ajg`yqs`jj|`*


19/69

`* C`gl [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg = i`{`y casgqj` vac`g l y`bc`h`j

{ajgay`hq`j gqj` bajljge`ye`j eqòly`v i`j {sdnavldjòlvba iò`b

bajmò`je`j yqg`v i`j bao`|`jl b`v|`sè`y vaf`s` d{ylbò*

c* C`gl B`v|`sè`y = vac`g`l c`h`j sanasajvl `g`s baji`{`y vq`yq ea{`vyl`j

hqeqb vasy` bab`h`bl y`y` f`s` {ab`v`jg`j saeo ba |`jg caj`s i`j

oagò bajqsqy hqeqb*

A* Vlvyab`yle` [ajqolv`j

[ajqolv`j vesl{vl ljl iò`b vlvyab`yle`j|` yasc`gl `y`v c`c"c`c vac`g`l

casleqy=

C@C L = [AJI@HQOQ@J

Iò`b c`c ljl caslvl qs`l`j o`y`s caoè`jg {asb`vò`h`j |`jg

|`jg bajidsdjg {ajqolv qjyqe bablolh mqiqo {ajqolv`j/ |`jg

eabqil`j ilo`jmqye`j iajg`j sqbqv`j b`vò`h/ yqmq`j {ajqolv`j/

b`jn``y {ajqolv`j i`j il èhlsl iajg`j vlvyab`yle` {ajqolv`j*

C@C LL = E@ML@J [QVY@E@

[ì` c`c ljl caslvl bajgaj`l o`ji`v`j yadsl yajy`jg ianljlvl/ majlv/

eslyasl`/ yqmq`j vasy` qjvqs"qjvqs i`sl {ì` d{ylb olv`vl

{ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba

casi`v`se`j {as`yqs`j iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;>*

C@C LLL = BAYDIA [AJAOLYL@J


20/69

[ì` c`c ljl {ajqolv bajgqs`le`j yajy`jg baydia |`jg ilgqjè`j

iò b {ajaolyl`j ljl/ |`jg caslvl baydia {ajiae`y`j/ ode`vl

{ajaolyl`j/ majlv i`j vqbcas i`y`/ yaejle {ajgqb{qo`j i`y` vasy`

{d{qo`vl i`j v`b{ao |`jg eabqil`j ildo`h iajg`j yaejle `jòlv`

i`y`*

C@C L^ = H@VLO I@J [ABC@H@V@J

[ì` c`c ljl caslvl {abc`h`v`j |`jg basq{è`j m`w`c`j i`sl

vaoqsqh {asb`v o`h`j |`jg il`jge`y iò b {ajaolyl`j | lyq =

eajiò`"eajiò` |`jg ilhì`{l V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` iò`b

iò`b s`jge` {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba il edy` b o`jg* Iò b c`c ljl mqg` è`j ilqs`le`j

yajy`jg d{ylb olv`vl vasy` q{`|` q{`|` |`jg ilo eqe`j doah

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` yashì`{ {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j

saeo`ba casi`v`se`j [asi` Jd 9 y`hqj 3;;> il wlo |`h Edy

Bò`jg*

C@C = [AJQYQ[

[ì` c`c ljl caslvl eavlj{qo`j i`sl {ajaolyl vahqcqjg`j iajg`j

{asb`vò`h`j |`jg yao`h ilc`h`v*

C@C LL


21/69

E@ML@J [QVY@E@

Vac`g l i`v`s {ablels j iò b bao eqe`j {ajaolyl`j oaclh o`jmqy i`j

{aidb`j iò`b `jòlv` i`y`/ bè` iloèqe`j o`ji`v`j yadslylv |`jg il `jgg`{

saoa~`j iajg`j {asb`vò`h`j |`jg case`ly`j iajg`j d{ylbòlv`vl {ajg`w`v`j

i`j {ajasylc`j doah v`yq`j {dolvl {`bdjg {s`m` edy` bò`jgyashì`{

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg casi`v`se`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9

y`hqj 3;;> yajy`jg {aoèv`j``j saeo`ba*

@* E@ML@J QBQB YAJY@JG D[YLB@OLV@VL

0* bajqsqy e`bqv cav`s c`h`v` ljidjavl` e`y` d{ylbòlv vl il`bclo i`sl e y`

d{ylbò |`jg cas`syl yasc`le/ yasyljggl/ vai`jge`j {ajgd{ylbò`j cas`syl

{sdvav/ f`s`/ {ascq`y`j/ {ajd{ylbò`j `y`q bajmìle`j {òljg c`le/ `y`q

{òljg yljggl>* Mìl {ajgasyl`j d{ylb olv`vl ì o`h v|vyab `y`q {sdvav

bajmìle`j {òljg c`le `y`q {òljg yljggl*

3* bajqsqy |qwdjd i`j `ciqoodh c`hw` d{ylb olv`vl cas`v o i`sl e y`

d{ylb o |`jg bablolel `syl yasc`le/ yasyljggl/ vao jmqyj|` illmao ve`j

c`hw` d{ylbò ìò`h {aslhò {ajgd{ylbò`j* I`sl {ajgasyl`j d{ylbòlv`vl

yasvacqy bajqjmqe`j v|vyab/ {sdvav `y`q baji`{`ye`j h`vlo |`jg yasc`le7*

C* E@ML@J QBQB YAJY@JG DYDJDBL I@AS@H

Mle` ely casclf`s` bajgaj`l b`vò`h dydjdbl iàs`h ely yliè i`{`y

yasoa{`v i`sl iavajysòlv`vl* Dydjdbl iàs`h vqi`h iloèqe`j vamè i`hqoq doah

[abasljy`h Ljidjavl` yay`{l yasqv bajgò`bl {asqc`h`j e`saj` bajgleqyl

> Ia{ syabaj [ajilile`j i`j Eacqi`|``j/ E`bqv Cav`s C`h`v` Ljidjavl` AilvlEaiq` F`y`y`j LX/ Cò`l [qvyè`/ Mè`sy`/ 0


22/69

{aseabc`jg`j }`b`j i`j {aseabc`jg`j {do` {lels b`v|`sè`y Ljidjavl`*

[asqc`h`j cajyqe dydjdbl iloèqe`j doah {abasljy`h vab`y`"b`y` h`j|`

qjyqe bajf`sl cajyqe |`jg {`v iajg`j ea{slcìl`j c`jgv` Ljidjavl`* Vaf`s`

yliè o`jgvqjg {asqc`h`j cajyqe dydjdbl ilcq`y qjyqe v`yq yqmq`j casv`b`/

|`lyq bajvam`hyasè`j eahliq{`j c`jgv`*

[`s` {ajilsl sa{qcole ljl vamè `wò yao`h bajab{ ye`j oabc`g`

{aswèlo`j sè|`y il iàs`h vac`g`l oabc`g` {aswèlo`j sè|`y il iàs`h

vac`g`l oabc`g` |`jg bablolel {as`j`j |`jg vys yaglv iò`b

bajgabc`jge`j i`j bajvdvlòlv`vle`j eaclmè`j yajy`jg dydjdbl iàs`h*

Eaclmèv`j``j yajy`jg iavajysòlv`vl wawaj`jg ea{ì` {abasljy`h iàs`h/

vao`jmqyj|` ilyay`{e`j iò`b qji`jg"qji`jg jdbds 33 y`hqj 0


23/69

[ì` {aseabc`jg`j oaclh o`jmqy Qji`jg"qji`jg Jdbds 63 Y`hqj 3;;9

bajgò bl {asqc`h`j `y q {aj|ab{qsj``j* Il jy s` j|` ìò h

ilcasoèqe`jj|` Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 8 Y`hqj 3;;1 Yajy`jg [ajay`{`j

[as`yqs`j [abasljy`h [ajgg`jyl Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 6 Y`hqj 3;;1

Yajy jg [asqc`h`j @y`v Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 63 Y`hqj 3;;9* I`j

{aseabc`jg`j yasèhls ìò`h ilcasoèqe`jj|` Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 03

Y`hqj 3;;8 Yajy`jg [asqc`h`j Eaiq` @y`v Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 63

Y`hqj 3;;9 Yajy`jg [abasljy`h`j Iàs`h* [asqc`h`j"{asqc`h`j |`jg yasmìl

{ì` Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 63 Y`hqj 3;;9 h`j|ò`h vac`y`v {ì`

{aj|ab{qsj``j v`m` y`j{` bajf`cqy casoèqj|` Qji`jg"Qji`jg Jdbds 63

Y`hqj 3;;9 yasvacqy*

Dydjdbl i`sa`h ìò`h {aswqmqi`j {aoèv`j``j iavajysòlv`vl i`j

basq{è`j {ajas`{`j edjva{ yadsl iàs`h {abc`gl`j eaeq`v``j |`jg

babc`gl eaeq`v``j vaf`s ~asyleò | lyq iàs`h ilc`w`hj| * Edjva{

{aj|aoajgg`s``j iàs`h dydjdb yliè i`{`y oa{`v i`sl {abasljy`h {qv`y lyq

vajilsl i o`b bawqmqie`j jl y c lej|` {ì` iàs`h/ qjyqe lyq {`s`

{aj|aoajgg`s` {abasljy`h iàs`h/ |`lyq {abasljy`h iàs`h i`j I[SI

bab{qj|`l {as`j èyln iò`b vayl`{ yqg`v |`jg ilabc`j doah iàs`h `y`v

{ao`|`j`j {qcole/ |`jg il`syle`j vac`g`l {ajiae`y`j vaqyqhj|` vads`jg

{ag`w`l ljvy`jvl {abasljy`h ea{ì` b`v|`sè`y i`j baj|ac`ce`j

b`v|`sè`y qjyqe casvle`{ bajdodjg casv`h`c`y i`j {sdnavldjò |`jg clv`

babq`ve`j b`v|`sè`y i y`jg eabcòl qjyqe babdhdj {ao`|`j`j

casleqyj|`*8

8

@ocasy H`vlcq`j/ Dydjdbl Iàs`h/ [aoq`jg i`j Y`jy`jg`j/ [qvyè` Vlj`s H`s`{`j/Mè`sy`/ 0


24/69

Bajgabcòle`j nqjgvl {abasljy`h`j iò b bao |`jl/ bajg`yqs i`j

baoljiqjgl b`v|`sè`y ìò`h edjvaeqajvl i`j eas`jge` edjva{ eajag`s``j

i`j {abasljy`h`j* Bao`|`jl ea{ajyljg`j i`j eacqyqh`j sè| y ì o`h

{sldsly`v i`sl {am`c`y b`q{qj `{`s`y vahljgg` yasf`{`l ea{q`v`j ehqvqvj|`

i`{`y iloèqe`j iajg`j {aoèv`j``j dydjdbl iàs`h*

[asoq els`j|` {abasljy`h iàs`h bab`h`bl vabq` |`jg case`ly`j iajg`j

vabq` avajvl {aoèv`j``j dydjdbl iàs`h |`lyq eawaj`jg`j iàs`h dydjdbl

qjyqe bajg`yqs i`j bajgqsqv ea{ajyljg`j b`v|`sè`y vayab{`y bajqsqy

{sè`sv` vajilsl casi`v`se`j `v{ls`vl b`v|`sè`y vavq`l iajg`j {as`yqs`j

{asqji`jg"qji`jg`j*

Dydjdbl `y`q |`jg vasljg ilvacqy ia~doqvl basq{è`j {aolb{`h`j

wawaj`jg ea{ì` cì`j hqeqb odeò il oq s dsg`jlv`vl |`jg babcasl

wawaj`jg yasvacqy/ sq`jg oljgeq{ yasg`jyqjg {ì` yab{`y `y`q wèyq ilb`j`

{sljvl{ dydjdbl il yl`{ jag`s` i`j wèyq cascai`* Il Ljidjavl` vasljg il

sqbqve`j vac`g`l eawaj`jg`j |`jg ilcasle`j ea{ì` vq`yq i`sa`h qjyqe

bajg`yqs sqb`h y`jgg`j|` vajilsl*

Va{asyl |`jg ilsqbqve`j iò`b Qji`jg"qji`jg Jdbds 63 Y`hqj 3;;9/

iàs`h dydjdb |`jg vao`jmqyj|` ilvacqy iàs`h ìò`h eav`yq`j b`v|`sè`y

hqeqb |`jg bab{qj| l c`y v iàs`h yasyajyq/ caswaj`jg bajg`yqs i`j

bajgqsqv ea{ajyljg`j b`v|`sè`y vayab{`y bajqsqy {sè`sv` vajilsl

casi`v`se`j `v{ls`vl b`v|`sè`y iò`b le`y`j Jag`s` Eav`yq`j Sa{qcole

Ljidjavl`*

I`sl {ajgasyl`j il`y`v y`b{èo`h c`hw` yqmq`j il vaoajgg`sè`j dydjdbl

iàs`h ì o`h qjyqe babcasle`j hè ea{ì` iàs`h qjyqe bajg`yqs i`j


25/69

bajgqsqv sqb`h y`jgg`j|` vajilsl qjyqe bajljge`ye`j i`|` gqj` i`j h`vlo

gqj` {aj|aoajgg`s``j {abasljy`h`j i o`b s`jge` {ao`|`j`j ea{ì`

b`v|`sè`y* Iajg`j iablel`j iàs`h i`{`y baj|aoajgg sè`j yqg`v"yqg v

`y`q qsqv`j vavq`l iajg`j eaclmèv`j``j/ {sè`sv` i`j eab`b{q`j vajilsl*

Ljidjavl` bablolel oq`v wlo`|`h |`jg fqeq{ cav`s iajg`j {ajiqiqe |`jg

v`jg`y c`j|è/ iò b edjilvl lyq {abasljy`h {qv`y yliè i`{`y bajg`yqs

vabq`j|` vaf`s` vajysòlvyle* [ajg`yqs`j vaf`s` vajysòlvyle iajg`j edjilvl

Ljidjavl` |`jg v`jg`y oq`v i`j cas{ajiqiqe s`yqv`j mqy` è`j bajmìl yliè

anaeyln* Ilcqyqhe`j `{`s`y |`jg v`jg`y caseqòly`v i`j c`j|è/ cl`|` |`jg

v`jg`y c`j|è/ i`j {aswèlo`j il iàs`h* Doah e`saj` lyq il{asoqe`j

{abc`gl`j wlo`|`h i`j wawaj`jg iò`b bajgqsqv `y`q bajg`yqs jag`s`

|`jg v`jg`y oq`v i`j cav`s*

[abc`gl`j wlo`|`h i`j wawaj`jg yasfasblj iò`b iavajysòlv`vl*

Iajg`j ì`j|` iavajysòlv`vl bè` è`j bajgqs`jgl {asb`vò`h`j iàs`h

|`jg bajqb{qe il {qv`y*/ vao`lj lyq {ajggqj``j i`j` jag`s` iò`b @[CJ

è`j oaclh casb`jn``y e`saj` [abasljy`h [qv`y yliè {asoq babcasl i`j`

i o`b mqbo`h cav s ea{ì` [abasly h Ià`h qjyqe bajm o`je`j

{abasljy`h`j il iàs`h* Vao`lj lyq iajg`j ì`j|` iavajysòlv`vl/ bè`

b`v|`sè`y i`j oabc`g` oaglvo yln iàs`h è`j oaclh cas{as`j c`le i`j i`{`y

bajmìl {ajg`w`v iò`b {abasljy`h`j il Iàs`h*

Iavajysòlv vl cas`syl babcasle`j vac`gl`j i`sl wawaj`jg {abasljy`h

{qv`y ea{ì` iàs`h/ qjyqe baoèv`jè`j i`j baj|aoav`le`j qsqv`j |`jg

bajm il y`jggqjg m`w`c i`j baj|`jgeqy ea{ajyljg`j iàs`h |`jg

casv`jgeqy`j* Qsqv`j |`jg baj|`jgeqy ea{ajyljg`j i`j y`jggqjg m`w`c


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vq`yq iàs`h blvòj|` qsqv`j qbqb i`j {abasljy`h`j/ {aj|aoav`l`j n`vloly`v

{ao`|`j`j va{asyl mò`j/ {ajas`jg`j `ls casvlh/ yaoedb/ eavah`y`j i`j

vac`g`lj|`/ qsqv`j vdvlò/ cqi`|`/ `g`b` i`j eab`v|`sè`y`j*

Iò`b baj|aoajgg`sè`j qsqv`j {abasljy`h`j |`jg bajmìl eawaj`jg`j

{abasljy`h`j iàs`h/ ìò`h bajmò`je`j dydjdbl vaoq`v"oq`vj|` qjyqe

bajg`yqs i`j bajgqsqv vajilsl qsqv`j {abasljy`h`j casi`v`se`j `v`v

dydjdbl i`j yqg`v {abc`jyq`j* Qsqv`j |`jg bajmìl qsqv`j {abasljy`h

{qv`y baol{qyl qsqv`j oq`s jagasl/ {asy`h`j`j/ ea`b`j`j/ {asìlo`j/ bdjayas

i`j `g`b`*

Iò`b baj|aoajgg`sè`j qsqv`j {abasljy`h`j/ {abasljy`h {qv`y i`{`y

baj|aoajgg`sè`j vajilsl `y`q i`{ y baolb{`he`j vac`gl j qsqv`j

{abasljy`h`j ea{ì` {as`jge`y {abasljy`h `y`q wèlo {abasljy`h il iàs`h

`y`q i`{`y bajqg ve`j ea{ì` {abasljy`h iàs`h i`j$`y q {abasljy`h`j

iav`* [as`jge`y {abasljy`h `y`q wèlo {abasljy`h il iàs`h il bèvqie`j

ì o`h casq{` {as`jge`y {abasljy`h iò b s`jge` iaedjvajys`vl ea{ì`

gqcasjqs*

[aj|aoajgg`s``j qsqv`j {abasly`h`j ilc`gl casi`v`se`j eslyasl`

aevyasjòly v/ èqjy cloly v i`j anlvlajvl iajg`j bab{ash`yle`j eavas`vl`j

hqcqjg`j `jy`s vqvqj`j {abasljy`h`j*

/ {`vò 0 `|`y 7*


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bajgqsqv i`j bab{ash`yle`j (ea{ajyljg`j/ qv`h`/ {ase`s`/ ivc,* Vai`jge`j

{aj|aoajgg`s``j vajilsl i`{`y il`syle`j vac`g l= {abaolh`s``j5 {sdvav/

{ascq`y`j/ f`s` baj|aoajgg`sè`j iò`b casc`g`l"c`g`l `syl (va{asyl

{aoèv`j``j/ {ajq`l`j,01*

Case`ly`j iajg`j vyqil |`jg iloèqe`j/ {ac|aoajgg`s``j |`jg ilbèvqi

iò`b h o ljl ìò`h vas`jge`l`j eagl y`j |`jg cashqcqjg`j iajg`j

{ab`v`jg`j bail` saeo`ba oq`s sq`jg`j vac`g`l ò`y {sdbdvl qv`h`/ ilb`j`

{aj|aoajgg`s``j yasvacqy iloèqe`j doah {aoèq qv`h`$clsd saeo`ba i`j

iliqeqjg q{`|` {ajgajiòl j ({abaolh`s``j/ {ajgqsqv`j, |`jg iloèqeèj

doah {abasljy`h iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg iò`b hò ljl ylb {asylbc`jg`j {aslmlj`j

saeo`ba iajg`j cas{aidb`j {ì` {as`yqs`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j |`jg

casoèq qjyqe bajf`{`l yqmq`j yasyajyq*

[aj|aoajgg`s``j saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg vaf`s` g`slv cav`s il`yqs iò`b

VE* Wòledy` Bò jg Jd*160 Y`hqj 3;;0 yajy`jg {ayqjmqe {ao ev`j``j

[ASI@ Edy` Bò`jg Jd*9 Y`hqj 0 ìò h ds`jg `y`q cì`j |`jg

baj|aoajgg sè`j saeo`ba c`le i`j qjyqe i`j `y`v j`b`j|` vajilsl `y`q

qjyqe i`j `y`v j`b` {lhè o`lj |`jg bajmìl y`jggqjg`jj|`*

Iò b {as`yqs`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j yasvacqy/ vaf`s` aev{olvly mqg`

ilmao`ve`j c`hw` yqmq`j {aj|aoajgg`s``j saeo`ba/ | lyq babcasle`j

{asoljiqjg`j ea{ì` b`v|`sè`y/ babcasle`j ea{`vyl`j hqeqb/ bajm`g`

ealji`h`j i`j eaoavy`sl`j oljgeqjg`j vasy` bajljge`ye`j {aji`{`y`j `vol

iàs`h* Oaclh m`qh ilmao`ve`j c`hw` sq`jg oljgeq{ {aj|aoajgg`s``j saeo`ba

01 Ia{`syabaj [ajilile`j i`j Eacqi`|``j/ D{*Fly* Hob* >>>


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bajfèq{ = {asajf`j``j/ {ab`v`jg`j/ {ajg`w`v`j/ {ajgaji ol`j i`j

{ajasylc`j ([ASI@ Jd*9 Y`hqj 3;;>/ {`vò 9,* Vahljgg` {ì` i`v`sj|`

{aj|aoajgg`s``j saeo`ba basq{è`j {aoèv`j``j eagl`y`j {ab`v`jg`j/

{aslmlj`j/ {ajg`w`v`j/ i`j {ajasylc`j |`jg h`sqv iloèqe`j vaf`s`

caeavlj`bcqjg`j*

A* E@ML@J QBQB YAJY@JG [ASL]LJ@J

L}lj ìò`h vò`h v`yq ljvysqbaj |`jg {òljg {ajyljg iò`b ea{qyqv`j

ìbljlvys`vl* [ì` {sljvl{j|`/ qji`jg"qji`jg bao`s`jg vavq`yq yljiè`j

yasyajyq `y`q yljiè`j"yljiè`j yasyajyq |`jg vòljg cashqcqjg`j* O`s`jg`j

ljl yliè ilbèvqie`j vaf s` bqyo e/ j`bqj i`{ y casyljiè i`j

bajgajiòle`j b`v|`sè`y iajg`j f`s` bajgaoq`se`j l}lj*

Iò b {ajgasyl`j oq`v/ l}lj ì o`h vq yq {asvayqmq`j i`sl {ajgq v`

casi`v`se`j qji`jg"qji`jg `y`q {as`yqs`j {abasljy`h/ qjyqe iò`b eaì``j

yasyajyq baj|lb{`jg i`sl eayajyq`j"eayajyq`j o`s`jg`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j*

Iajg`j babcasl l}lj/ {ajgq`v` bab{aseaj`je`j ds`jg |`jg babdhdjj|`

qjyqe baoèqe`j yljiè`j"yljiè`j yasyajyq |`jg vacaj`sj|` ilo`s`jg0>*

Case`ly`j iajg`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg basq{è`j vò`h v`yq cajyqe

{ab`jn``y`j sq`jg/ {asl}lj`j basq{èj vavq`yq |`jg il{asylbc`jge`j iò`b

{ajgajiòl`j {ab`jn``y`j sq`jg* Va{asyl ilqjge`{e`j iò`b Qji`jg"

Qji`jg Jd*39 Y`hqj 0


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35/69

Cajyqe"cajyqe {ajg`w`v`j bajqsqy dc|aej|`/ yasilsl `y`v =

0* [ajg`w v`j o`jgvqjg/ basq{è`j {ajg`w`v`j |`jg iloèqe`j

vaf`s {slcìl doah {ajg`w`v iajg`j bajg`b`yl/ bajaolyl/

babaslev`/ bajgafae vajilsl vaf`s` dj yha v{dy = il yab{`y

{aeasm``j i`j bajaslb` o`{ds`j"o`{ds`j vaf`s` o`jgvqjg {qo` i`sl

{aoèv`j`/ hò ljl iloèqe`j iajg`j ljv{aevl*

3* [ajg`w`v j yliè o`jgvqjg/ basq{è`j {ajg`w`v`j |`jg

iloèqe`j iajg`j bab{ao`m`sl o`{ds`j"o`{ds`j |`jg ilyaslb` i`sl

{aoèv`j` c`le olv`j b`q{qj yayqolv/ bab{ao`m`sl {aji`{`y

b`v|`sè`y i`j vac`g`lj|` y`j{` {ajg`w`v`j dj yha v{dy*

Ile`lye`j iajg`j {ab`v`jg`j bail` saeo`ba oq`s sq`jg`j |`jg il`syle`j

vac`g`l vò`h v`yq cajyqe {ab`jn``y`j sq`jg/ bè` {ajg`w`v`j iò`b hò ljl

i`{`y il`syle`j vac`g`l eagl`y`j {ajg`w`v`j {ab`jn``y`j sq`jg*

Cajyqe"cajyqe {ajg`w`v`j yasvacqy `jy`s` o`lj =

0* [ao`{ds`j/ |`lyq qv`h` `y`q eagl`y`j babcasle`j ljndsb`vl vaf`s`

dc|aeyln bajgaj`l {ab`jn``y`j sq`jg |`jg vavq`l b`q{qj |`jg

yliè vavq`l*

3* [ab`jy`q`j/ |`lyq qv`h` `y`q eagl`y`j bajg`b`yl/ bajg`w`vl i`j

babaslev` iajg`j fasb`y {asqc`h`j eqòly`v y`y` sq`jg |`jg yliè

vavq`l iajg`j sajf`j` y`y` sq`jg*

6* A~òq vl/ |`lyq qv`h` `y q eagl y`j qjyqe bajlo`l eab mq`j

eagl y`j {ab`jn``y`j sq`jg vaf`s` eavaoqsqh`j vayao`h yasoaclh

i`hqoq iloèqe`j eagl`y`j {ao`{ds`j i`j {ab`jy`q`j*


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3* [ajasylc`j

[ajasylc`j iò`b {ab`jn``y`j sq`jg ìò`h qv`h` `y`q eagl`y`j qjyqe

bajg`bclo yljiè`j `g`s {ab`jn``y j sq`jg vavq`l sajf`j` i`{`y yaswqmqy*

Eagl`y`j {ajasylc`j i`{`y iloèqe`j iò`b cajyqe {ajasylc`j o`jgvqjg i`j

{ajasylc`j yliè o`jgvqjg* [ajasylc`j iloèqe`j baoòql bae`jlvba

{ajagè`j hqeqb |`jg ilvaoajgg`sè`j vavq`l iajg`j {as`yqs`j {asqji`jg"

qji`jg`j |`jg casoèq* Vai`jge`j {ajasylc`j yliè o`jgvqjg ilo eqe`j

iò`b cajyqe v`jevl ilvljvajyln/ `jy`s` o`lj baoòql {ajgaj``j sayslcqvl vaf`s`

{sdgsavln `y`q babc`y`vl {aj|ail``j v`s`j` i`j {s`v`s`j` oljgeqjg`jj|`*

Cajyqe"cajyqe {ajgaj``j v`jevl |`jg caseaj``j iajg`j {ajasylc`j `jy`s`

o`lj =

0* V`jevl ìbljlvys`yln/ ileajè`j `y`v {ao`jgg s`j {aj`y `j sq`jg

|`jg casèlc y {ì` yash`bc yj|` { oèv`j``j {sdgs`b

{ab`jn``y`j sq`jg* V`jevl i`{`y casq{` yljiè`j {abc`yò`j l}lj

i`j {ajf`cqy`j hè*

3* V`jevl {asi`y / ileajè`j `y`v {ao`jgg`s`j {aj`y `j sq`jg |`jg

casèlc`y yasg`jggqj|` ea{ajyljg`j vavads`jg/ eaodb{de ds`jg/

`y`q cì`j hqeqb* V`jevl i`{`y casq{` yljiè`j {abjgaj``j

iaji` `y`q g`jyl sqgl*

6* V`jevl {li`j`/ ileajè`j yashì`{ {ao`jgg`s`j {aj`y``j sq`jg

|`jg cas elc`y yasg`jggqj|` ea{ajyljg`j qbqb* V`jevl i`{`y

casq{` yljiè`j {aj`h`j i`j eqsqjg`j*


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C@C LLL

BAYDIA [AJAOLYL@J

@* Baydia [ajiae`y`j

Iò b {ajaolyl`j ljl {ajqolv bao eqe`j baydia {ajiae`y`j |qslilv

vdvldodglv* \qslilv vdvldodglv ilvljl ilbèvqie`j qjyqe bajge`ml i`sl vagl

hqeqb ìbljlvys`vl jag`s` `y`q {as`yqs`j |`jg cashqcqjg`j iajg`j


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{ajg`yqs`j i`j {ajg`w`v`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg i`j

d{ylbòlv`vl {aoèv`j``jj|` il b`v|`sè`y*

C* Ode`vl [ajaolyl j

Ode`vl {ajaolyl`j ljl ìò`h il Edy` Bò`jg/ ehqvqvj|` il V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg* @o`v`j {ajqolv bablolh Edy` Bò`jg

e`saj` najdbaj` |`jg yasmìl vae`s`jg ljl c`j|è casbqjfqo`j saeo`ba il

vayl`{ vqiqy Edy` Bò`jg |`jg c`j|è baoèqe`j {ao`jgg`s`j"{ao`jgg`s`j

|`jg ilvac`ce`j doah eaylièvavq l`j {ab`v`jg`j iajg`j `yqs`j"`yqs`j

qjyqe {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba*

Vai`jge`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` vajilsl basq{è`j lvjy`jvl |`jg

ilyqjmqe vaf`s` o`jgvqjg doah [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg casi`v`se`j [as`yqs`j

iàs`h Jdbds 7 Y`hqj 3;;>/ vac`g`l V`yq`j |`jg casyqg`v iò`b babaolh`s`

i`j baj|aoajgg`sè`j eayajys`b`j i`j eayasylc`j qbqb/ bajagèe`j

[as`yqs`j Iàs`h/ [as`yqs`j Wòledy` i`j Ea{qyqv`j Wòledy`* Iò`b hò ljl

ì o`h [as yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j

Saeo`ba*

F* Majlv I`j Vqbcas I y`

Majlv i`y` |`jg ilgqjè`j iò`b {ajaolyl`j ljl ìò`h5

`* I`y {slbas/ ìò h i`y` |`jg il{asdoah o`jgvqjg i sl vqbcasj|`

`y`q dc|ae |`jg ilyaolyl08* [ajgqb{qo`j i`y` ljl iloèqe`j baoòql

w`w`jf`s`/ c le o`jgvqjg b`q{qj yliè o`jgvqjg iajg`j

08 Sl`jyd @il/Baydidodgl [ajaolyl`j Vdvlò . Hqeqb/ Gs`jly*Mè`sy` 3;;9* Hob* 17


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sav{djiaj |`lyq V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` i`j {`s` {ab`v`jg

saeo`ba*

c* I`y` vaeqjias ìò`h i`y` |`jg case`ly`j as`y iajg`j i`y` {slbas

|`jg ilgqjè`j qjyqe babc`jyq bajg`jòlvlv {ì` i`y` {slbas

|`jg il{asdoah ilo`{`jg`j0


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Qjyqe i`y` Vaeqjias mqg` bajg`fq {ì` {as`yqs`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j

|`jg cashqcqjg`j iajg`j {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajasylc`j saeo`ba |`lyq =

0* [as yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> yajy jg [aoèv`j``j

Saeo`ba*

3* [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 7 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy jg {abcajyqe`j/

eaiqiqe`j/ yqg`v {dede/ nqjgvl/ vqvqj`j dsg`jlv`vl/ {è`l`j ilj`v/

{asoajge`{`j i`j {asò`y`j v`yq`j {dolvl {`bdjg {s`m`*

6*Sav{djiaj

[ajajyq`j sav{djiaj doah {ajqolv iloèqe`j iajg`j baydia {qs{dvl~a

v`b{oljg3; | lyq v`b{ao |`jg ilyay`{e`j `y`v i`v`s yqmq`j yasyajyq |`jg

bab{qj|`l hqcqjg`j as`y iajg`j {asb`vò`h`j {aj`y``j i`j {ajg`w`v`j

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il Edy` Bò`jg/ |`lyq = [lb{lj`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*

@i`{qj f`s` {ajajyq`j sav{djiaj qjyqe {ab v`jg saeo`ba iloèqe`j

iajg`j baydia s`jidb v`b{oljg* \`lyq bajge`yagdsle`j Saeo`ba

casi`v`se`j Cav`s eafloj|` saeo`ba vasy` {ao`jgg`s`j |`jg iloèqe`j*

A* [d{qo`vl i`j V`b{ao*

[d{qo`vl ìò`h vaoqsqh `jggdy` `y`q vaoqsqh dc|ae `y`q vaoqsqh ljil~liq

`y`q vaoqsqh qjly |`jg è`j ilyaolyl*30 Iò`b {ajaolyl`j ljl baol{qyl vaoqsqh

`{`s`yqs V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*

3; Cqsh`j @vhvdn`/ Baydia [ajaolyl`j Hqeqb/ Sljae` Fl{y`/ Mè`sy`/ 0


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Vab{ao {ajaolyl`j |`jg è`j il`bclo bajggqjè`j {qs{dvl~a v`b{oljg/

|`lyq vab{ao |`jg il{lolh casi`v`se`j {asylbc`jg`j i`j {ajaolyl`j vqc|aeyln/

mìl {ajaolyl bajajyqe`j vajilsl sav{djiaj b`j` |`jg il`jgg`{ i`{`y

bawèlol {d{qo`vl*33 Sav{djiaj iò`b {ajaolyl`j ljl baol{qyl=

0* Ea{ò` v`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*

3* E`vl [aj|lile`j i`j [ajljiè`j {dolvl [`bdjg {s`m` [abasljy`h edy`

Bò`jg*

N* Yaejle @jòlv` I`y`

I`y` |`jg il{asdoah i`sl h`vlo {ajaolyl`j c`le i`y` {slbas b`q{qj i`y`

vaeqjias ileqb{qoe`j eabqil j ileo`slnle`vl i`j ilo eqe`j e`yagdslv`vl

casi`v`se`j {dede"{dede {asb`vò`h`j |`jg ljglj ilqjge`{e`j baoaoql

{ajaolyl`j ljl iajg`j `jòlv` i`y` bab{asgqjè`j yaejle Iavesl{yln @jòlylv*

Ilb`j` yaejle Iavesl{yln @jòlylv iloèqe`j iajg`j f`s` bajgg`bc`se`j

eaì``j casi`v`se`j i`y` {slbas i`j vaeqjias eabqil`j bajg`jòlv`

{asb`vò`h`j |`jg ì` iajg`j yadsl"yadsl |`jg case`ly`j*

C@C L^

H@VLO I@J [ABC@H@V@J

@* G@BC@S@J QBQB ODE@VL [AJAOLYL@J

0* G`bc`s`j qbqb edy` bò`jg

`* Vam`s`h Edy` Bò`jg

33 Cqsh`j @vhdn`/ D{*Fly* Hob 10


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Vabcd|`j B@O@JG EQFAFW@S@ |`jg cas syl Yqh`j

bajgh`jfqse`j |`jg c`yhlo i`j bajagèe`j |`jg c`le ilv`he`j bajmìl

vabcd|`j {abasljy`h Edy`bì|` Iàs`h Yljge`y LL Bò`jg {ì` y`jggò 0

@{slo 0; v$i 0909

casi`v`se`j yqolv`j c`yq il Iljd|d* Eagl`y`j ao`b` b`v` lyq illeqyl doah

eagl`y`j cqi`|` yliè i`{`y ilg`bc`se`j vac`g`l {aseabc`jg`j v`yq ilj`vyl

v m`/ bao`lje`j basq{è`j s`jge`l`j eagl y`j {dolyle i`j cqi`|` i`sl

cacas`{` yqsqj`j*

Eabqil`j ylbcqoj|` ilj`vyl Eaj @sde basq{è`j eayqsqj`j {asy`b` i`sl

s`m`"s`m` B`m`{`hly v`b{`l s`m` yas`hls Chsa Yqb`{ao (0997"0910,* [ì` wèyq

Eaj @sde baj`{èe`j eagl`y j|`/ yqb`{ao h`j|` basq{è`j vab`f`b

e`cq{`yaj i`sl iàs`h majggò` |`jg {ì` wèyq lyq {sèylv casì` il c`w`h

eaeq`v``j Easy`m`|` i`sl Eas`m``j eailsl* C`y`s` Bò`jg eqfqfw`s`/ ilvacqy

il iò b {l`g`b y`hqj


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eaoqs`h`j Iljd|d/ b`vqe èò mle` f`jil bò`jgeqfafw`s` lyq ì` il iae`y

Edy` Bo`jg vae`s`jg*

c* Gadgs`nlv Edy` Bò`jg

Edy` Bò`jg yasoayè {ì` {dvlvl `jy`s` 003*;> " 003*;7 CY i`j 7*;> "

8*;3 OV* Edy` Bò`jg basq{è`j vò`h v`yq i`y`s`j yljggl il [sd{ljvl M`w`

Ylbqs/ iajg`j eayljggl`j 99; >>7 bayas I[O/ i`j bablolel vò`h v`yq

ode`vl yasyljggl ìò`h {agqjqjg`j Cqsljg |`jg yasoayè il vacao`h ylbqs {qv`y

Edy` Bò`jg* Vaf`s` gadgs`nlv Edy` Bò`jg mqg` ileaololjgl doah cacas`{`

{agqjqjg`j/ |èjl vacao`h qy`s` = Gqjqjg @smqjd/ vacao`h c`s`y = c`slv`j

Gqjqjg E`wl i`j Gqjqjg [`jiasb`j/ / i`j il vacao`h ylbqs = Gqjqjg

Vabasq |`jg basq{è`j gqjqjg yasyljggl il [qo`q M`w`* Vqjg`l |`jg

bajgòlsl il Edy` Bò`jg ìò`h Vqjg`l Cs`jy`v/ Vqjg`l @b{sdjg i`j Vqjg`l

C`jgd* Leolb il Edy` Bò`jg ìò`h vamqe i`j Easljg/ iajg`j fqs`h hqm`j

s`y`"s`y` 0*866 bb yl`{ y`hqjj|` i`j eaoabc`c`j qi`s` s`y`"s`y` 73!*

f* Wlo`|`h Edy` Bò`jg

@i`{qj c`y v wlo |`h ìbljlvys vl [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg ì o`h

vac`g`l casleqy=

0* Vacao h Qy`s` = Eaf`b`y`j Vljgdv`sl i`j E`s`jg {odvd*

3* Vacao h Vao`y`j = Eaf`b`y`j Y`mlj`j i`j [èlv`ml*

6* Vacao h Ylbqs = Eaf`b y`j [èlv i`j Yqb{`jg*

9* Vacao h C`s`y = Eaf`b`y`j W`gls i`j I`q*


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Eaab{ y c`y v wlo |`h ìbljlvys vl Edy Bò jg/i`sl qy`s`/ ylbqs/

c`s`y i`j vao`y`j va{asyl il`y`v/ casc`y`v`j iajg`j eaf`b`y`j |`jg b`vqe

iò`b wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln E`cq{`yaj Bò`jg*

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg bablolel 1 (olb`, eaf`b`y`j iajg`j {abc`gl`j

wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`vl vac`g`l casleqy =

0* Eaf`b y`j Eodmaj = 00 Eaoqs`h`j/ 8< SW/ >7> SY*

3* Eaf`b y`j Colbcljg = 00 Eaoqs`h`j/ 03; SW/ 869 SY*

6* Eaf`b y`j Eaiqjge`ji`jg = 03 Eaoqs`h`j/ 0;3 SW/ 7>9 SY*

9* Eaf`b y`j Vqeqj = 00 Eaoqs`h`j/ 7< SW/ >86 SY*

i* Cli`jg [abasljy`h`j

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg vaf`s` g`slv cav`s yasilsl i`sl 6 (ylg`, edb{djaj

|`jg case`ly`j |`lyq =

0* BQV[LI@

Basq{è`j {am c y"{am`c`y il oljgeqjg`j [abasljy`h Iàs h Edy

Bò`jg |`jg baol{qyl = Wòledy`/ I`bilb/ E`{dosavy`/ Ea{ò` Eam`sl/

i`j Eayq` I[SI Edy` Bò`jg*

3* AEVAEQYLN

Basq{è`j {am c y [abasljy`h Iàs`h Edy Bò jg/ |`jg qjvqs"

qjvqsj|` yasilsl i`sl Wòledy` i`j m`m`s`j vy`n c`w`hj|`*

6* OAGLVO@YLN


45/69

Basq{è`j qjvqs {lb{lj`j i`j @jggdy` I[SI Edy` Bò`jg |`jg yasilsl

i`sl Eayq`/ Wèlo eayq`/ i`j Edblvl"Edblvl |`jg yascajyqe*

a* [ajiqiqe Edy` Bò`jg

Edy` Bò`jg bablolel oq`v 00;*;> Eb/ Edy` iajg`j mqbo`h {ajiqiqe

v`b{`l èhls mqjl 3;;1 vacav`s 783*00; mlw`* Ea{ì`y`j {ajiqiqe 7*0;>

mlw`$Eb/ yasvac`s il 1 eaf`b`y`j (Eodmaj 2 031*839 mlw`/ Colbcljg 2

0>7*10> mlw`/ Eaiqjge`ji`jg 2 013*381 mlw`/ Vqeqj 2 079*089 mlw`/ i`j

Odwdew`sq 2 0>3*10> mlw`,/ 17 Eaoqs`h`j/ 0; Iav`/ 1;1 SW/ 6*>9< SY*

Edb{dvlvl {ajiqiqe cas`vò i`sl cacas`{` ayjle (yasqy`b` vqeq M`w`/

Bìqs`/ vac`gl j eaflo eayqsqj`j @s`c i`j Flj`,* B`v|`sè`y Bò`jg

vac`gl j cav`s ìò`h {abaoqe @g`b` Lvo`b i`j Eslvyaj/ e`yhdole i`j

vac`gl`j eaflo Hljiq i`j Cqih`*

Eae`|``j ayjle i`j cqi`|` |`jg ilblolel Edy Bò jg cas{ajg`sqh

yashì`{ eavajl`j ysìlvldjò |`jg ì`* Vò`h v`yqj|` |`jg yaseajò ìò`h

Y`sl Yd{ajg* G`|` eavajl j ljl ì o`h wqmqi òeqoyqs`vl eavajl j M`w`

Yajg`h`j (Vdod/ Mdgm`,/ M`w` Ylbqs"Vao`y`j ([djdsdgd/ Yqoqjg`gqjg/ Coly`s,

i`j g`|` eavajl j Co`bc`jg`j ([`vqsq`j/ [sdcdoljggd/ vlyqcdjid/ i`j

c`j|qw`jgl,*

Eac`j|è`j {aji`y`jg ìò`h {ai`g`jg/ {aeasm` i`j {ao`m`s$b`h`vlvw`

|`jg yliè bajay`{ i`j iò`b eqsqj wèyq yasyajyq eabcòl ea iàs`h `vòj|`*

Vac`gl`j cav`s cas`vò i`sl wlo`|`h ilvaely`s Edy` Bò`jg qjyqe gdodjg`j

{ai`g`jg i`j {aeasm`* Vai`jge`j qjyqe gdodjg`j {ao`m`s$b`h`vlvw` c`j|è


46/69

|`jg cas`vò i`sl oq`s iàs`h (yasqy b` wlo`|`h ljidjavl` ylbqs, va{asyl Còl/

Jqv` Yajgg`s`/ [`{q`/ Bòqeq/ Vqo`wavl i`j Eòlb`jy`j*

n* Yslclj` Fly` Edy` Bò`jg

Iò`b vò`h v`yq Vli`jg [`sl{qsj` Gdydjg Sd|djg Edy`{s`m` Bò`jg

{ì` y`hqj 03/ ilyay`{e`j Edy` Bò`jg vac`g`l = Edy` [ao`m`s$Edy`

[ajilile`j/ Edy` Ljiqvysl/ Edy` [`slwlv y`* Eaylg` {dede yasvacqy bajmìl

fly`"fly` b`v|`sè`y edy` Bò`jg |`jg h`sqv ilclj`/ doah e`saj` lyq eabqil`j

ilvacqy YSLCLJ@ FLY@ EDY@ B@O@JG*

3* V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` Edy` Bò`jg39

`* I`v`s Hqeqb

0* [as yqs`j Iàs`h Edy` B o`jg Jdbds 7 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg

[abcajyqe`j/ Eaiqiqe`j/ Yqg`v [dede/ Nqjgvl/ Vqvqj`j Dsg`jlv`vl/

[è`l`j Ilj`v/ [asoajge`{`j I`j [asò`y j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m`*

3* Ea{qyqv`j Wòledy` Bò`jg Jdbds 3> Y`hqj 3;;0 Yajy`jg Qs`l`j

Yqg`v Nqjgvl i`j Y`y` Easm` E`jyds V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` Edy`

Bò`jg*

c* ^lvl

39 Vqbcas = V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*


47/69

Yaswqmqij|` Eayajys`b`j b`v|`sè`y i`j Eayasylc`j Qbqb vasy`

[ajagè`j [as`yqs`j Iàs h Edy Bò`jg i`j Ea{qyqv`j Wòledy`

Bò`jg*

f* Blvl

0* Bajljge`ye`j Eab`b{q`j {asvdjlo c`le eq`jyly`yln b`q{qj eqòly`yln*

3* Bajljge`ye`j {aj|aoajgg`s``j {ajg`w`v`j yashì`{ {ao ev`j``j

{as`yqs`j iàs`h*

6* Bajljge ye`j {aoèv`j``j d{as`vl |qvylvl yashì`{ {ao`jgg`s`j

[as`yqs`j Iàs`h i`j Ea{qyqv`j Wòledy`*

9* Bajljge`ye`j eayajys`b`j B`v|`sè`y i`j eayasylc`j Qbqb*

i* Yqg`v [dede

Baoèv`jè`j yqg`v |`jg baol{qyl cli`jg {abclj``j eayajys`b`j i`j

eayasylc`j/ bajg`w`vl eay `y j b`v sè`j yashì`{ {as`yqs`j iàs`h i`j

ea{qyqv`j ea{ò` iàs`h*

a* Nqjgvl

0* [aj|qvqj`j sajf`j` i`j {sdgs`b eagl`y`j {abclj``j eayajys`b`j i`j

eayasylc`j5


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3* [aj|qvqj`j {aidb`j i`j {ayqjmqe D{as vldj o {ajasylc`j [as`yqs`j

Iàs`h i`j Ea{qyqv`j Ea{ò` Iàs`h5

6* [aoèv j``j [ajg`w`v`j i`j {aoèv`j``j yashì`{ [as`yqs`j Iàs`h/

Ea{qyqv`j Ea{ò` Iàs`h i`j Eayajyq`j {asqji`jg"qji`jg`j o`ljj|`5

9* [aoèv j``j {ajgabc`jg`j e`{`vlyl`v |`jg baol{qyl {abclj``j

{avdjlo/ eay`yòèvj``j/ v`s`j` i`j {s`v`s`j` easm` [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m`5

1* [aoèv j``j eayajys`b`j i`j eayasylc`j b`v|`sè`y vavq`l iajg`j

{sdgs`b/ {aidb`j i`j {ayqjmqe yaejlv5

>* [aoèv`j``j ìbljlvys`vl qbqb baol{qyl/ {aj|qvqj`j {sdgs`b i`j

eay`y`qv`h``j/ eaq`jg`j$ `jgg`s`j/ ea{ag`w`l`j/ {asoajge`{`j i`j

{asò`y`j vasy` {abclj``j dsg`jlv`vl i`j eay`yòèv`j``j5

7* Eddsvlj`vl iajg`j Ljvy`jvl $ qjly easm` yase`ly5

8* [aoèv j``j {ajg`w`v`j i`j {ajgajiòl`j yashì`{ vagò` qv`h` i`j

eagl`y`j {aoèv`j``j yqg`v {dede*

Cajyqe i`j vlvyab eddsilj`vl easm` il i o`b oljgeq{ V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg yasfasblj iò`b vysqeyqs dsg`jlv`vl

vac`g`l casleqy =

Vysqesyqs Dsg`jlv`vl

Ea{ò` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`


49/69

Vqbcas = V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg

Wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln Edy` B o`jg yliè oq{qy i`sl cacas {`

{asb`vò`h`j iò`b bae`jlvba {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg eqs`jg ya{`y* Doah

vac`c lyq/ bajqjyqy {as`j`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` iò`b bajasylce`j

i`j baoèqe`j nqjgvl {ajg`w`v`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg vaf`s` hqeqb

caj`s i`j v`h iò`b {ab`v`jg`jj|`*

@i`{qj {asb`vò`h`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg casvln`y ljvliajylo `y`q

bqvlb`j casq{` {`bnoay/ còlhd/ v{`jiqe/ qbcqo qbcqo/ {dvyas/ còdj qi`s`

Eaodb{de M`c`y`j

Nqjgvldjò

Ea{ò` C`gl`j Y*Q

E`vqcc`g

[aj|qvqj`j

[sdgs`b

i`j

Eaq`jg`j

E`vqcc`g

Qbqb

E`cli* Eayajys`b`j

i`j Eayasylc`j

E`cli* D{as`vldjò

i`j [ajg`w`v`j

E`cli* [aj|lile`j

i`j {ajljiè`j

E`vlEayajys`b

`j

E`vleayasylc`j

E`vld{as`vldj

ò

E`vlEa{ag`w`

l`j

E`vl{aj|lile`j

E`vl[ajljiè`

j


50/69

i`j vyleas |`jg vasljg ilyasylce`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h

Edy` Bò`jg ìò`h vac`g`l casleqy=

Y`cao 0

I`y` Majlv [ao`jgg`s`j Saeo`ba Ljvliajylo $ Bqvlb`j \`jg Vasljg

Ilyasylce`j

Jd Majlv [ao`jgg`s`j Yljiè`j |`jg il`bclo

0* Vò`h {`v`jg Saeo`ba

Iloèqe`j aevaeqvl casq{` {ajg`bclo`j

saeo`ba i`j ilvlb{`j doah {lhè V`y{do

[[/ v`bclo bajqjggq edjnlsb`vl i`sl

{ab`v`jg saeo`ba qjyqe bajg`bclo i`jbab`v`jg saeo`ba yasvacqy il yab{`y

|`jg yao`h ilyajyqe`j vavq`l iajg`j l}lj

|`jg ili`{`yj|`*

3* L}lj Saeo`ba h`clv (ax{lsai,

Iloèqe`j {ajasylc`j casq{` {aj|ly``j

i`j babqvj`he`j h`vlo {aj|ly `j

yasvacqy 6; h`sl vayao`h {aj|ly``j*

6*Saeo`ba y`j{` bablolel l}lj

(loagò,

Iloèqe`j {aj|ly `j i`j o`jgvqjg

ilbqvj`he`j vayao`h d{as`vl `y`q {`ysdol

ilgao`s*

Vqbcas = V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg/ 3;;


51/69


52/69

|èjl {ajasylc`j `y`q aevaeqvl vaf s` o`jgvqjg saeo`ba saeo`ba |`jg

il`jgg`{ yao`h oaw`y b`v` casoèqj|` (ax{lsai,*

[ao jgg`s`j bajgaj`l saeo`ba |`jg yliè bablolel l}lj `y`q loagò

basq{è`j vq`yq cajyqe {ao`jgg`s`j vaslqv |`jg yliè clv` ily`w`s y`w`s

o`gl oagòly`vj|`* Iò`b hò ljl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` vqi`h vao`|èj|`

o`jgvqjg bajg`clo yljiè`j `y`q bajasylce`j saaeo`ba yasvacqy e`saj`

basqgle`j [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg/ i`j il vlvl o`lj bajgqjyqjge`j {lhè

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba*

[ao`jgg`s`j saeo`ba yay`{ |`jg bab{qj|`l qeqs`j cav`s {qj mqg` yasmìl

il wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln Edy` Bò`jg* Saeo ba cl`v`j|` i`{`y casq{`

saeo`ba c`jid mò`j/ ilv{o`| cd`si/ cloocd`si/ saeo`ba mabc`y`j {aj|acs`jg`j

ds`jg/ saeo`ba {`g`s {ajg`b`j no| d~as (mò`j o`|`jg,/ saeo`ba vhd{ {`jao/

saeo`ba no`g fh lj/ saeo`ba {slvb yae/ saeo`ba cqv vhaoyas i`j saeo`ba

bag`ysdj$~liadysdj* Majlv {ao`jgg`s`j |`jg cl`v`j|` yasmìl i`j bajmìl vq`yq

{sdcoab`yle` yasvajilsl c`gl [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg vasy` yljiè`j yljiè`j

{ajasylc`j |`jg il`bclo doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy`

Bò`jg ìò`h vac`g`l casleqy= =

Y`cao 3

I`y` Majlv [ao`jgg`s`j Saeo`ba Casqeqs`j Cav`s \`jg Vasljg Ilyasylce`j

Jd Majlv [ao`jgg`s`j Yljiè`j \`jg Il`bclo

0 Yliè i` l}ljj|` [lhè V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` o`jgvqjg


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bajg`bclo yljiè`j sa{savln iajg`j f`s`

baj|ly` saeo`ba |`jg caj`s caj`s vaf`s

j|`y` yliè bab{qj| l l}lj `y`q loagò* I`j

babqvj`he`jj|`*

3 Vò`h Yab{`y

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` baj|ly` saeo`ba|`jg vò`h yab{`y/ i`j è`j ilbqvj`he`j 0

cqo`j eabqil`j `{`clo` {lhè {ab`v`jg

saeo`ba yliè babcasle`j edjnlsb`vl*



54/69

vqi`h cacas`{` e`vqv |`jg yao h il mqe`j ea yljge y {asvli`jg`j/ iajg`j

mqbo`h vac`g`l casleqy =

Y`cao 6

[ao`jgg`s`j Saeo`ba \`jg Il`mqe`j ea Yljge`y [asvli`jg`j

Y`hqj 3;; Mqjl 6

7 Mqol 3



55/69

C* Eajiò` eajiò` |`jg ilhì`{l doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

i o`b baoèv`jè`j [ajg`w`v j i`j [ajasylc`j yashì`{

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba*

Eacasì``j saeo`ba il wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln Edy` Bò`jg bab`jg yliè

i`{`y yasaoèe`j/ eaqjyqjg`j i`sl {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba {qj i`{`y iljleb`yl

doah eaiq` cao`h {lhè* \èjl {lhè {ab v`jg leo`j vac`g l v`s`j`

bab{aseajòe`j {sdiqe {sdiqe i`g`jg`jj|`/ vasy` eaqjyqjg`j c`gl {lhè

[abasljy`h Edy` vac`g`l {ab`vqee`j ea e`v iàs`h baoòql Ilj`v [aji`{`y`j

Iàs h* Eaqjyqjg`j |`jg il{asdoah doah eaiq` cao h {lhè eì`jgeò

casmò`j yliè vavq`l iajg`j h`s`{`j* [ao`jgg`s`j {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba {qj eas`{ yasmìl/ i`j yljiè`j {ajasylc`j {qj yasqv iloèv`jè`j doah

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`* @e`j yay`{l/ vabèlj h`sl {ao`jgg`s`j yasvacqy

casy`bc`h {qo` mqbo`hj|` i`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` {qj vaè`j

yasyljggò vao`jge`h iò`b q{`|` {ajasylc`j {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba/ hò ljl il y`ji`l iajg`j vabèlj casy`bc`hj|` mqbo`h saeo`ba |`jg

ilyasylce`j iò`b v`yq h`sl il wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln Edy` Bò`jg*

Eajiò` eajiò` |`jg ilhì`{l V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` {qj vaè`j

el`j casy`bc`h iajg`j b`sèj|` {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba/ ì`{qj

eajiò` yasvacqy ìò`h =

0* Eajiò` Ljyasjò


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`* Eqs`jgj|` Mqbo`h [asvdjao V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m Iò`b Q{`|`

Bajasylce`j [ao`jgg`s`j [ab`v`jg`j Saeo`ba*

Vabèlj casy`bc`hj|` mqbo`h {ao`jgg`s`j iò`b {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il

wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln Edy` Bò`jg/ bajqjyqy q{`|` {ajasylc`j |`jg aevys`

gqj` bajglbc`jgl mqbo`h {ao`jgg`s`j yasvacqy* Yajyq v`m` iò`b {ajasylc`j

|`jg aevys` yasvacqy il{asoqe`j {qo` mqbo`h `{`s`y `y`q {asvdjao V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` |`jg aevys` {qo`* V``y ljl mqbo`h ydyò {asvdjao V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg ìò`h =

0* Mqbo`h ydyò `{`s`y V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` ìò`h 081 ds`jg/

3* Mqbo`h {asvdjao c`gl`j {aj|lile`j i`j {ajljiè`j ìò`h 03 ds`jg*

[ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg yasmìl il Edy` Bò`jg fajiasqjg

bajgò`bl {asy`bc`h`j i`sl wèyq ea wèyq* Iajg`j mqbo`h {asvdjao |`jg

baj`jg`jl {aj|lile`j i`j {ajljiè`j h`j|` 03 ds`jg/ bè` hò yasvacqy

bajmìl eajiò` yasvajilsl v``y ljl c`gl m`m`s`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg* Bajgljg`y/ mqbo`h {ao`jgg`s`j |`jg ilyabqe`j il

o`{`jg`j fqeq{ yljggl `y`q vao oq ì` {ao jgg`s`j |`jg ilyabqe`j iò b

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba*

Eavlg`{`j i`j eafa{ y`j iò b bao ev`jè`j {ajasylc`j vacaj`sj|`

{dljy qy`b` |`jg h`sqv il{ash`yle`j iabl bajf`{`l vq`yq d{ylbòlv`vl eljasm`

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg iò`b {ajg`w`v`j i`j

{ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba* C`j|è vaeòl ylyle


57/69

|`jg il`jgg`{ vys`yaglv c`gl {`s` {ab`v`jg saeo`ba/ c`le |`jg yasi`{`y {ì`

mò`j {sdydedo b`q{qj il iò`b e`w`v`j {abqelb`j {ajiqiqe |`jg il`jgg`{

vys`yaglv* [as`j`j `{`s`y V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` v`jg`y ilcqyqhe`j iò`b

bajasylce`j {ao`jgg`s`j saeo`ba ljl/ cqe`j h`j|` vac`gl ljvysqbaj

{ajasylc`j iabl ealji`h`j i`j eavas`vl`j {aj`b{lo`j Edy` Bò`jg {ì`

qbqbj|`/ yay`{l mqg` vac`g l cajyqe {ajljiè`j yashì`{ eagl`y j |`jg

i`{`y basqgle`j [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg `y`v {ao jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba yasvacqy*

Eaeqs jg`j {asvdjao c`gl`j {aj|lile`j i`j {ajljiè`j iò`b m`m`s`j

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` ljl mqg` vabèlj yas`v` {ì` v``y c`j|è vaeòl

{ao`jgg`s`j {ao`jgg`s`j o`lj yashì`{ [as`yqs`j Iàs`h |`jg casoèq il

wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg* [ao`jgg`s`j yashì`{

{ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba basq{è`j vò`h v`yq c`gl`j v`m` i`sl vael`j c`j|è

yqg`v iò`b yqg`v {dede babaolh`s` i`j baj|aoajgg`sè`j eayajys`b`j i`j

eayasylc`j qbqb/ bajagèe`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h/ [as`yqs`j Wòledy` i`j

Ea{qyqv`j Wòledy`*31 [aj`bc`h`j mqbo`h {asvdjao basq{è`j eajiò` |`jg

caj`s caj`s h`sqv bajmìl {ash`yl`j i`j {sldsly`v [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg

v``y ljl iabl bajg`w o yasfl{y`j| ea`b`j`j i`j eayasylc`j qbqb/ vasy`

i`{`y babljlbòlvls {ao jgg`s`j |`jg yasm il/ cqe`j h`j|` {ao jgg`s`j

yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba v`m yay {l mqg` {ao jgg`s`j {ao jgg`s`j

yashì`{ [as`yqs`j Iàs`h/ [as`yqs`j Wòledy` i`j Ea{qyqv`j Wòledy`*

c* Eqs`jgj|` [asò`y`j \`jg Ilcqyqhe`j*

31[as`yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 7 Y`hqj 3;;>/ {`vò 9*


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[ao`jgg`s`j |`jg yasmìl il wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg

cqe`j h`j|` {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba ljvliajylo v`m`/ saeo`ba iajg`j qeqs`j cav`s

{qj mqg` c`j|è vaeòl yasmìl {ao`jgg`s`j* Saeo`ba cav`s yasvacqy i`{`y

casq{` saeo`ba c`jid mò`j/ saeo`ba ilv{o`| mò`j/ saeo`ba mabc`y`j

{aj|acs`jg`j ds`jg/ saeo`ba {`g`s {ajg`b`j no| d~as (mò`j o`|`jg,* Yajyq

v`m` iò`b q{`|` {aoèv`j``j {ajasylc`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg babasoqe`j {asò`y`j ehqvqv* Vao`b` ljl V`yq`j

[dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` h`j|` bajg`jiòe`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v qjyqe babcdjge`s

vamqbo`h saeo`ba cav`s |`jg bao eqe`j {ao jgg`s`j iò b {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba il vamqbo`h ylyle wlo`|`h ìbljlvys`yln [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*

C`j|èj|` {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba yasqy`b` |`jg bab{qj|`l

qeqs`j cav`s/ yajyq v`m` è`j babcqyqhe`j i`j` aevys` `y`q i`j` |`jg oaclh

cav`s iò`b baoèv`jè`j {ajasylc`j `y`q {abcdjge`s`j saeo`ba yasvacqy*

V`jg`y ilbqjgelje`j ea ia{`j mqbo`h {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg

casqeqs`j cav`s {qj casy`bc`h* I`j` |`jg il{asoqe`j iò`b {abcdjge`s`j

`y`q {ajasylc`j vacaj`sj|` oaclh c`j|è ilòde`vle`j {ì` {abc`|`s`j `y`q

djgedv easm` ea{ì` m`v` yqe`jg o`v* Qjyqe lyq/ `{`s`y V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s m` bab{qj|`l eajiò {ì` eqs jgj|` {asò`y j |`jg babì l qjyqe

ilgqjè`j baoèqe`j {abcdjge`s`j iò`b q{`|` {ajasylc`j {ao`jgg`s`j

saeo`ba* Cas`g`bj|` ~`sl`vl vasy` qeqs`j saeo`ba |`jg casq{` saeo`ba c`jid

mò`j/ saeo`ba ilv{o`| mò`j/ saeo`ba mabc`y`j {aj|acs`jg`j ds`jg/ saeo`ba

{`g`s {ajg`b`j no| d~as (mò`j o`|`jg,/ yajyq basq{è`j vq`yq eajiò` c`gl


59/69

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` e`saj` iò`b baoèv`jè`j {ajasylc`j yliè i`{`y

iajg`j vagas` iloèv`jè`j*

[ì` {ajasylc`j {ao jgg`s`j saeo`ba |`jg bab{qj|`l qeqs`j cav`s/

cl`v`j|` {lhè V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` b`vlh bao`{dse`j ea{ì` `y`v`j

i`j c`sq i`{`y iloèv`jè`j {abcdjge`s`j `y`q aevaeqvl `{`clo` i`j` |`jg

ilcqyqhe`j yao`h f`ls `y`q yasvail`* @e`j yay`{l/ cacas`{` y`hqj yasèhls ljl

{lhè V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdj [s`m` bajmòlj sae`j`j `y`q casblys` iajg`j

{aj|ail` m`v` yqe`jg o`v* Iajg`j casblys` va{asyl ljl bè` yliè {asoq

bajqjggq eayasvail `j `y`q f`lsj|` i`j` qjyqe {abcdjge s`j saeo`ba*

Eablys``j ljl ilc`| s {as cqo`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` gqj`

bajljge`ye`j anaeyl~ly`v iò`b {ajasylc`j |`jg iloèv`jè`j* Bavel{qj yao`h

casblys`/ yay`{ v`m` vayl`{ eòl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` iò`b cas{`ysdol

bajabqe`j {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba/ yay`{ yliè i`{`y baoèqe`j

aevaeqvl `y`q {ajasylc`j vaf`s` o`jgvqjg* [aoèv`j``j {ajasylc`j c`sq i`{`y

iloèv`jè`j cacas`{` h`sl eabqil`j/ hò ljl ilvac`ce`j doah b`vlh

il{asoqe`jj|` eddsilj`vl iajg`j blys` easm` iò`b cli`jg m`v` yqe`jg o`v*

Bab`jg yliè bqi`h iò`b baoèv`jè`j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ saeo`ba |`jg

bab{qj| l qeqs`j cav s/ yasqy`b` |`jg ode`vl saeo`ba yasvacqy yasoayè il

mò`j {sdydedo Edy` Bò`jg |`jg {ì`y oòq oljy`v `y`q b`v|`sè`y* Eaì``j

iablel`j vabèlj yas`v` eqs`jg anaeyln `{`clo` yasj|`y` yasi`{`y oaclh i`sl v`yq

{ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba iajg`j qeqs`j |`jg v`jg`y cav`s il wèyq

|`jg v`b` `y`q h`b{ls casv`b``j*


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3* Eajiò` Aevyasjò =

C`j|èj|` Saeo`ba Ol`s Y`j{` L}lj*

Saeo ba saeo`ba ol`s `y`q y`j{` lmlj |`jg yas{`v`jg il wlo`| h

ìbljlvys`vl [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg i`{`y ile`yè`j c`j|è mqbo`hj|`*

Yasqy`b` {ì` saeo`ba |`jg casvln`y ljvliajylo `y`q saeo`ba eaflo |`jg casq{`

{`bnoay/ v{`jiqe/ qbcqo qbcqo i`j vyleas* Iajg`j mqbo`h |`jg c`j|è i`j

cas`g`b vasy` yasvac`s vaf`s` `fè il wlo`|`h Edy` Bò`jg/ yajyq bajmìl

yqg`v |`jg yliè bqi`h c`gl m`m`s`j V`yq`j [dolvl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`*

Iò`b eqsqj wèyq vah`sl vaoòq ì` v`m` |`jg saeo`ba ol`s yj{` lmlj |`jg

yasm`sljg iò`b {ajasylc`j baoòql {`ysdol sqylj* M`m`s`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

vaè`j vaoòq yasyljggò vao`jge`h i`sl {`s` {ab`v`jg saeo ba ol s*

[asb`vò`h`j iablel`j bab`jg bajmìl eajiò` yasvajilsl c`gl V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s m` [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg/ q{`|` sa{savln yasqv ilo ev`jè`j

yay`{l vaoòq ì` v`m` |`jg baoèqe`j {ao`jgg`s`j* Iajg`j c`j|èj|` mqbo`h

saeo`ba ljvliajyllo |`jg bao`jgg`s/ v`b{`l babcq`y V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m` eawò`h`j iò`b baji`y` saeo`ba |`jg bao`jgg`s yasvacqy* C`he`j/

iajg`j mqbo`h |`jg c`j|è yasvacqy/ bò`h babcq`y V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m` yliè bajf`y`yj|` iò`b vacq`h i`y * Yljiè`j {sa{savln ljlo`h |`jg

yasqv ileabc`jge`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy`

Bò`jg*

F* D{ylbòlv`vl Vasy` Q{`|` Q{`|` \`jg Iloèqe`j Doah V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` Iò`b S`jge` [ajg`w`v`j I`j [ajasylc`j Yashì`{


61/69

[ab`v`jg`j Saeo ba Casi`v`se`j [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg

Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j Saeo`ba*

[ajg`yqs`j saeo`ba bab`jg {ì` i`v`sj|` ilo ev`jè`j iajg`j `v`v

b`jn``y/ eaìlo j/ eayasylc`j/ i`j ea{`vyl`j hqeqb vasy eavas`vl j

oljgeqjg`j*3> Iajg`j ì`j|` `v`v `v`v yasvacqy/ bè` qjyqe bajg`wò vasy`

bajmò`je`j `yqs`j `yqs`j iò`b [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Edy` Bò`jg Jdbds >

Y`hqj 3;;> lyq/ V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò jg

basq{è`j {lo s qy`b` vasy` basq{è`j qmqjg ydbcè iò b {ajagèe`j

vayl`{ {sdiqe " {sdiqe hqeqb |`jg ileaoq`se`j [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg |`jg

yao`h v`h i`j casoèq* [ajg`yqs`j saeo`ba vacaj`sj|` mqg` bab{qj|`l yqmq`j

|èjl5 babcasle`j {asoljiqjg`j ea{ì` b`v|`sè`y/ babcasle`j ea{`vyl`j

hqeqb/ bajm`g` jdsb` eavd{`j`j/ bajm`g` ealji`h`j i`j eaoavy`sl`j

oljgeqjg`j/ bajgd{ylbòe`j {ab`jn``y`j `vay iàs`h qjyqe ea{ajyljg`j

b`v|`sè`y/ bajljge`ye`j {aji`{`y`j `vol iàs`h*37

0* Q{`|` Iò`b Bajg`y`vl Eqs`jgj|` Mqbo`h [asvdjao

[ao jgg`s`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba il wlo |`h ìbljlvys`yln

[abasljy`h Edy` bab`jg eas`{ yasmìl/ {ì` {dljy ljlo`h d{ylbòlv`vl eljasm`

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg v`jg`y ilcqyqhe`j*

Q{`|` q{`|` |`jg iloèqe`j gqj` bajljge ye`j eljasm` `y`q q{`|`

3> [as`yqs`j Iàs`h Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;>/ {`vò 3*

37 Lcli/ {`vò 6*


62/69

d{ylbòlv`vl eljasm` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` iò`b bajghì`{l eajiò`

eajiò` |`jg ilhì`{l iò`b {asb`vò`h`j eqs`jgj|` {asvdjao V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s m` bab`jg vqoly qjyqe yas{af`he`j* H o ljl ilvac`ce`j

eawaj`jg`j iò`b baj`bc`h `y`q bajgqs`jgl {asvdjao iò`b vq`yq cì`j/

e`jyds/ `y`q v`yq`j casì` il y`jg`j {lb{lj`j/ iò`b hò ljl ìò`h Wòledy`

Bò`jg cavasy` m`m`s`jj|` |`jg bab{qj|`l eawaj`jg`j iò`b bajg`jge`y

{ag`w`l c`sq* Bab`jg {ì` eajiò` eqs`jgj|` {asvdjao ljl/ V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` h`j|` i`{`y {`vs`h i`j bajqjggq eaclmè`j i`sl {lb{lj`j/

{asbdhdj`j {aj`bc`h`j {asvdjao yao`h il`mqe`j cacas`{` eòl j`bqj v`b{`l

v``y ljl b`vlh caoqb baji`{`y sav{dj i`sl {lhè |`jg caswaj`jg `y`q

{lb{lj`j*

3* Q{`|` Iò`b Bajg`y`vl Eqs`jgj|` [asò`y`j [ajqjm`jg*

Eajiò {ì` eqs jgj|` {asò y`j {ajqjm`jg iò b q{`|` {ajasylc`j

{ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba mqg` basq{è`j vò`h v`yq nèyds |`jg i`{`y

bajgqs`jgl anaeyl~ly`v eljasm` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy`

Bò`jg lyq vajilsl* Iò`b {aoèv`j``j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ saeo`ba ljvliajyllo

`y`q |`jg bab{qj|`l qeqs`j sao yln yliè yasoòq cav s/ cqe`jo h bajmìl

{asb`vò`h`j c`gl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`* @e`j yay`{l/ eajiò`

vacaj`sj|` yasmìl yashì`{ {aoèv`j``j {ajasylc`j saeo`ba yay`{ `y`q saeo`ba

|`jg bab{qj| l qeqs`j cav`s va{asyl = c`jid mò`j/ ilv{o`| cd`si/ cloocd`si/

saeo`ba mabc`y j {aj|acs`jg`j ds`jg/ saeo`ba {`g`s {ajg`b`j no| d~as

(mò`j o`|`jg,/ saeo`ba vhd{ {`jao/ saeo`ba no`g fh`lj/ saeo`ba {slvb`yae/

saeo`ba cqv vhaoyas i`j saeo`ba bag`ysdj$~liadysdj*


63/69

Q{`|` |`jg ilo eqe`j doah V yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` i o`b

bajljge`ye`j d{ylb olv`vl eljasm / yasqy`b` iò b bajghì`{l eajiò

eqs`jgj|` {asò y`j {ajqjm jg/ v`b{`l v` y ljl h`j|` bajg`jiòe`j m`v`

yqe`jg o`v/ iajg`j i`j` |`jg il`bclo i`sl i`j` d{as`vldjò V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` lyq vajilsl* Iajg`j iablel`j/ bè` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

bablolel `jgg`s`j {ajgaoq`s`j sqylj qjyqe babc`|`s q`jg m`v` ea{ì` yqe`jg

o`v {ì` vayl`{ aevaeqvl yashì`{ {ao jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba |`jg

ilo ev`jè`j doah m`m s`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` [abasljy`h Edy

Bò`jg* Hqcqjg`j easm` `jy s` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` iajg`j m`v`

yqe`jg o`v ìò`h hqcqjg`j oa{`v/ `sylj|` yliè bajgle`y `jy`s {lhè |`jg v`yq

iajg`j {lhè |`jg o`lj* Hqcqjg`j easm` iablel`j h`j|` casvln`y ljvliajylo

v`m / |èjl yqe`jg o`v baji`{`y c`|`s`j `y`q djgedv i`sl cas {` c`j|è

saeo`ba |`jg ilcdjge`s `y`q ilyasylce`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`*

6* Q{`|` Iò`b Bajg`y`vl Saeo`ba Ol`s Y`j{` L}lj*

Iò`b bajg`y`vl saeo`ba ol`s y`j{` l}lj doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

[abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg/ v``y ljl h`j|ò`h ilndeqve`j {ì` {ajasylc`j |`jg

oaclh ljyajvln/ casq{` {aj`bc`h`j nsaeqajvl {`ysdol {as h`sl doah m`m`s`j V`yq`j

[dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`* Qjyqe {ao`jgg`s`j yashì`{ saeo`ba yay`{ `y`q saeo`ba

|`jg bab{qj|`l qeqs`j cav`s/ e`vqv yasvacqy è`j il`mqe`j ea {asvli`jg`j il

[ajgìlo`j Jagasl Bò`jg* Vabajy`s` qjyqe saeo`ba |`jg casvln`y ljvliajyllo

v`b{`l v` y ljl h`j|` vac`y`v {ì` yljiè`j aevaeqvl `y`q {ajasylc`j doah

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*


64/69

9* Ljd~`vl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` Iò`b bajljge`ye`j D{ylbòlv`vl

Eljasm`

Cacas`{` cqo`j yasèhls ljl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` casq{`|` bajmòlj

hqcqjg`j eablys``j easm` iajg`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v/ |èjl yqe`jg o`v è`j

ilc`|`s vayl`{ cqo`j yasg`jyqjg i`sl cas`{` c`j|è saeo`ba casqeqs`j cav`s

|`jg ilcdjge`s iajg`j bajggqjè`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v yasvacqy* Vahljgg`

{ajggqj``j m`v` yqe`jg o`v yliè o`gl ilc`|`s {as h`sl `y`q vayl`{ vaoav`l

babcdjge`s saeo`ba* Eaclmè`j ljl il{lolh gqj` bab{asfa{`y {aoèv`j``j

{ajasylc`j `y`q aevaeqvl yashì`{ {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba yay`{ |`jg

bab{qj|`l qeqs`j cav`s* Vahljgg` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` yliè {asoq

bajqjggq yqsqjj|` i`j` d{as vldjò yasoaclh i`hqoq vayl`{ e ol è`j

baoèqe`j q{`|` {ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ao`jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba yay`{

yasvacqy* Ljlo`h o`jge`h o`jge`h | jg ilmò`je`j doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s`m` [abasljy`h Edy` Bò`jg*

C@C ^

[AJQYQ[

@* Eavlb{qo`j*


65/69

0* Eajiò Eajiò` |`jg ilhì`{l m`m`s`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` =

`* Eqs`jgj|` mqbo`h {asvdjao iò`b m`m s`j V yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m`

[abasljy`h Edy Bò`jg bajmìl caglyq yas v` valsljg casy`bc`hj|`

mqbo`h {ao`jgg`s`j {ao`jgg`s`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba* I`j hò

yasvacqy mqg` ilyqjm jg iajg`j vao oq ì`j|` {ao jgg`s`j {ab`v`jg`j

saeo`ba |`jg ilyasylce`j `y`q ilaevaeqvl iò b eqsqj wèyq v`yq h`sl*

[aj`bc`h`j mqbo`h {asvdjao mqg` {asoq iloèqe`j bajgljg`y {ao`jgg`s`j

{ab`v`jg`j leo`j yasi`{`y vaf`s` `fè il wlo`|`h Edy` Bò`jg*

c* Eqs`jgj|` {asò`y`j |`jg ilblolel*

[aoèv j``j {ajasylc`j yashì`{ saeo`ba yay`{ |`jg bab{qj|`l qeqs`j

cav`s babcqyqhe`j {asò`y`j |`jg babì`l* Iò`b bajg`y`vl

{asb`vò`h`j ljl v`b{`l v``y ljl b`vlh bajg`jiòe`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v qjyqe

babcdjge`s `y`q bajgaevaeqvl b`yaslò saeo`ba* Iajg`j eablys``j |`jg

ilc`jgqj iajg`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v/ ilh`s`{e`j è`j bajqjm jg eljasm`

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` iò`b baoèv`jè`j {ajasylc`j {ao`jgg`s`j

saeo`ba*

f* C`j|èj|` saeo`ba y`j{` l}lj*

Iajg`j c`j|èj|` mqbo`h {ao`jgg`s`j saeo`ba y`j{` l}lj ljl/ V`yq`j [dolvl

[`bdjg [s`m` hljgg` v``y ljl h`j|` bab{aseay`y q{`|` sa{savln casq{`

{aj|ly``j `y`q {abcdjge`s`j saeo`ba |`jg baoèqe`j {ao`jgg`s`j/

yascqeyl vayl`{ h`sl vaoòq ì` saeo`ba y`j{` l}lj |`jg ilyasylce`j/ iajg`j

iablel`j {aj`bc`h`j nsaeqajvl {`ysdol {qj ilyljge`ye`j* Saeo`ba yliè

casl}lj ljl s`y` s`y` saeo`ba ljvliajyllo casq{` {`bnoay/ v{`jiqe/ qbcqo

qbcqo i`j vyleas*


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3* Q{`|` \`jg Iloèqe`j Doah V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` Iò`b S`jge`

[ajg`w`v`j I`j [ajasylc`j [ab`v`jg`j Saeo`ba*

`* Q{`|` iò`b bajg`y vl eqs`jgj|` {asvdjao [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` vqoly qjyqe

iloèv`jè`j* E`saj` {lhè V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` yliè bab{qj|`l

wawaj`jg iò`b hò saesqlybaj {ag`w`l* Vam`qh ljl V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

[s m` h`j|` vac`y`v bajg`mqe`j qvqo`j {aj`bc`h`j {asvdjao ea{ì`

Wòledy` Bò`jg/ bavel v`b{`l v``y ljl caoqb ì` sav{dj i`sl {lb{lj`j

yasvacqy*

c* Eablys``j easm` |`jg ilc`jgqj iajg`j m`v` yqe`jg o`v iò`b q{`|`

bajg`y`vl {asb`vò`h`j eqs`jgj|` {asò`y`j |`jg ilblolel yao`h bajgò`bl

ljd~`vl* \èjl eablys``j ilb`j` m`v` yqe`jg o`v ilc`|`s {as cqo`j vavq`l

mqbo`h saeo`ba |`jg ilcdjge`s/ vahljgg` yliè o`gl babc`|`s djgedv m`v`

{as h`sl `y`q {as saeo`ba |`jg ilyasylce`j* Hò ljl iloèqe`j gqj`

baj`bc`h anlvlajvl eljasm` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` |`jg yliè o`gl

bajqjggq f`lsj|` i`j` qjyqe vayl`{ saeo`ba |`jg è`j ilcdjge`s/

bao`lje`j o`jgvqjg ilc`|`s {as cqo`j vavq`l mqbo`h saeo`ba |`jg

ilaevaeqvl*

C* V`s`j*

@i`{qj v`s`j i`sl {ajqolv i o`b q{`|` bajg`y`vl {asb`vò`h`j

[ajg`w`v`j i`j [ajasylc`j yashì`{ {ab`v`jg`j saeo`ba/ vac`g`l casleqy =


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0* Qjyqe bajqjm jg eljasm` V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` cavasy m`m`s`jj|`/

vasy` qjyqe bajae`j cl`|` d{as`vldjò |`jg ileaoq`se`j gqj` babc`|`s

m`v` yqe`jg o`v iò`b hò bajgaevaeqvl saeo`ba |`jg bao`jgg`s/ bè`

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` [abasljy`h Edy Bò jg {asoq bablolel

{asò`y`j |`jg il{asoqe`j iò`b babcdjge`s `y`q baoèv`jè`j

{ajasylc`j saeo`ba yasqy`b` saeo`ba yay`{ |`jg bablolel qeqs`j cav`s*

Vao lj anaeyln iò b vagl wèyq e`saj` o`jgvqjg i`{`y bao ev`jè`j

aevaeqvl/ mqg` yliè yascac`jl i`sl vagl cl`|` bajgljg`y saeo`ba |`jg

bao`jgg`s il Edy` Bò`jg fqeq{ c`j|è mqbo`hj|`* Bavel{qj il vlvl o`lj

V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s`m` h`sqv bablolel gqi`jg {aj|lb{`j`j vasy`

{abcaeò`j {ao`ylh`j iò`b bas`w`y i`j bajggqjè`j {asò`y`j

yasvacqy*

3* V yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg [s m` hajièj|` èyln babcqe` {dv y`q vy ji il

cacas`{` ylyle il Edy` Bò`jg |`jg il`jgg`{ vys`yaglv i`j babcqe` fòo

fajyas gqj` bajljge`ye`j anaeyl~ly`v iò`b caeasm`/ e`saj` yliè bajqyq{

eabqjgelj`j b`v|`sè`y {qj i`{`y cas{`sylvl{`vl iò`b hò babcasle`j

ljndsb`vl yajy`jg eacasì``j saeo`ba |`jg il`jgg`{ bajgg`jgq vasy`

bao jgg`s va{asyl `{` |`jg yasbèyqc iò b [as`yqs`j Iàs h Edy

Bò`jg Jdbds 9 Y`hqj 3;;> Yajy`jg [aj|aoajgg`s``j Saeo`ba*

I@NY@S [QVY@E@

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[abcajyqe`j/Eaiqiqe`j/ Yqg`v [dede/ Nqjgvl/ Vqvqj`j Dsg`jlv`vl/

[è`l j Ilj`v/ [asoajge`{`j I`j [asò y`j V`yq`j [dolvl [`bdjg

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www*{abedy"bò`jg*gd*li

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