ole h : oct a vi an ta ry 1 09 1 14 0 67repository.usd.ac.id/6668/2/109114067_full.pdfsaya...

NAGNUBUH ARATNA NAGNUREDNECEK NAGNED SATIMROFNOK

LAWA AJAMER ADAP FISLUPMI NAILEBMEP

ID ATRAKAYGOY

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

igolokisP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

igolokisP idutS margorP

O : hel

yratnaiV atcO

0411901 76

MARGORP IGOLOKISP NASURUJIGOLOKISP IDUTS

IGOLOKISP SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

102 6

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

NAGNUBUH ARATNA NAGNUREDNECEK NAGNED SATIMROFNOK

LAWA AJAMER ADAP FISLUPMI NAILEBMEP

ID ATRAKAYGOY

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

igolokisP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

igolokisP idutS margorP

O : hel

yratnaiV atcO

0411901 76

MARGORP IGOLOKISP NASURUJIGOLOKISP IDUTS

IGOLOKISP SATLUKAF


ATRAKAYGOY

102 6


ii


iii


vi

OTTOM

rajaleb malad itnehreb atak ada kadiT

eb ot tnaw uoy tahw eb ot tnaw uoy egnahc eht ees nac uoY

yalpdloC - maerD fo lluF daeh A

umsarek ajrek nad umirid iagraH

----------------

,GNINIALPMOC POTS

”TI OD TSUJ“


v

inianajrasidajnemnagnaujrepkacnupayraklisaH

:kutnunakhabmesrepayas

ojrahaR otniR tauK

iratnuK iwD

inearggnA atipsuP aiM

pap ,amam ,a ukkida ,

nametnadagraulek - nial namet


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS gnay ispirks awhab ini silut ayas

naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem kadit

haimili ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad

,atrakaygoY 42 6102 sutsugA

iV atcO na yrat


iiv

NAGNUREDNECEK NAGNED SATIMROFNOK ARATNA NAGNUBUHEBMEP ID LAWA AJAMER ADAP FISLUPMI NAIL ATRAKAYGOY

yratnaiV atcO

KARTSBA

tahilem kutnu naujutreb gnay lanoisalerok fitatitnauk naitilenep nakapurem ini naitileneP nagnubuh atrakaygoY id fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek nagned satimrofnok sisetopiH . naitilenep ini nailebmep nagnurednecek nagned satimrofnok aratna nagnubuh tapadret halada

atrakaygoY id fislupmi tilenep malad kejbuS . 21 aisureb ajamer halada ini nai - 51 nuhat PMS idatalucammI airaM kinket nakanuggnem itileneP . gnilpmaS ecneinevnoC tilenep adap i nai .in

011 irad iridret kejbuS mer atalucammI airaM PMS id halokesreb gnay aja id atrakaygoY . alaks nakanuggnem ini naitilenep adap atad nalupmugneP satimrofnok alaks nad nagnurednecek

fislupmi nailebmep alaks satilibiler neisifeoK . satimrofnok ,0 rasebes 717 d alaks na nagnurednecek518,0 rasebes fislupmi nailebmep nakanuggnem gnutihid gnay hcabnorC ahplA iulalem rof SSPS

.00.61 swodniW isalerok naijugnep nakanuggnem atad sisilana kinkeT .ohR s’namraepS lisaHgnubuh tapadret awhab nakkujnunem sisetopih naijugnep aratna fitagen na nagned satimrofnok

r( lawa ajamer id fisupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek - 652,0 gis ,360,0 nakkujnunem ini laH .)tid ini naitilenep sisetopih awhab kalo anamid , na nagnubuh ada kadit rat a nagned satimrofnok

adap fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek .atrakaygoY id lawa ajamer

:icnuk ataK satimrofnok , ,fislupmi nailebmep ajamer .lawa


iiiv

NOITALERROC YTIMROFNOC FISLUPMI FO YCNEDNET DNA TA TNECSELODA YLRAE NI GNIYUB ATRAKAYGOY

yratnaiV atcO

TCARTSBA

hcraeser sihT wteb noitalerroc eht etagsevni ot smia fisupmi fo ycednet dna ytimrofnoc nee

lgniyub sisehtopyh ehT . saw era ereht fo ycnedat eht htiw ytimrofnoc neewteb pihsnoitaler a siht ni stcejbuS .atrakaygoY ni gniyub eslupmi hcresaer stnecseloda erew morf detrats ,011 21 - 51

.HSJ atalucammI airaM ni sraey S ecneinevnoC gnisu rehcraeseR yduts siht ni euqinhcet gnilpma .D ata eht saw desu nemurtsni seicnednet gniyub evislupmi fo elacs dna ytimrofnoc fo elacs ehT .

saw tneiciffeoc ytilibailer dnet gniyub evislupmi fo elacs dna elacs ytimrofnoc 717.0 saw seicne.0 desu detaluclac 518 .00:61 swodniW rof SSPS hguorht ahplA hcabnorC atad fo euqinhcet ehT

saw desu sisylana ereht taht wohs stluser gnitset sisehtopyH .tset noitalerroc ohR s'namraepS aw sfisupmi tnetni esahcrup dna ytimrofnoc neewteb noitalerroc evitagen a ( ecnecseloda ylrae ni r -

dewohs sihT .)652.0 gis ,360.0 on si ereht erehw ,detcejer saw sisehtopyh hcraeser eht taht tnecsoloda ylrae eht ni gniyub eslupmi fo ycnednet eht htiw ytimrofnoc pihsnoitaler ni

.atrakaygoY

niyub evislupmi ,ytimrofnoc :sdrowyeK .tnecsoloda ylrae ,g


xi

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY :

amaN : yratnaiV atcO

awsisahaM romoN 0411901 : 76

umli nagnabmegnep imeD nauhategnep naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,

: ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

NAGNUREDNECEK NAGNED SATIMROFNOK ARATNA NAGNUBUH

ID LAWA AJAMER ADAP FISLUPMI NAILEBMEP ATRAKAYGOY

D .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagne

,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek

nial aidem uata tenretni id aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem

nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu

nakirebmem iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor

.silunep

aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

laggnat adaP : 6102 sutsugA 12

,nakataynem gnaY

yratnaiV atcO


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

uT adapek rukuys nad ijuP nad tamhar alages sata asauK ahaM gnaY nah

naatreynep - ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes asaib raul gnay ayN

.kiab nagned P rasebes gnay hisakamiret nakiapmaynem nigni silune - aynraseb

:adapek

.1 iS .M ,otnayidiWoyirP .T .rD kapaB ukales D nake ukaF satl .igolokisP

.2 iS.M ,otnatrahuS yddE suluaP kapaB ukales K alape P gor mar S idut igolokisP .

hisakamireT sata nagnukud nad kapab gnay naitahrep nakireb imak adapek

awsisahamarap takgnit .rihka

.3 ubI ).mlA( uL .arD s bmibmep nesod ukales iS.M ititsanamraditarP ai gni

gnibmibmem halet gnay kimedaka nakirebmem , tahisan ,nagnukud tres a

naitahrep adapek silunep irad awa nakfaaM .hailukl halet taubmem ubi halel

uggnunem ayas nad namet - namet kutnu nakiaseleynem sagut rihka ini .

.4 ,.P okE gnudnaL .R kapaB .M sP i ukales nesod gnibmibmep gnay ispirks

aidesreb gnibmibmem nad nakirebmem naitahrep adapek .silunep

hisakamireT kapab hadus gnukudnem nad naktagnignem ayas kutnu

.nakajregnem

.5 nesod araP ijugnep ispirks .ayas

.6 nesod ubi nad kapaB nawayrak ffats atreseb kisP satlukaF igolo satisrevinU

amrahD atanaS .

.7 apaB ubi/k alapek PMS halokes atalucammI airaM atrakaygoY hisakamireT .

sata niji nad nakirebid gnay utkaw kutnu gnay halokes id atad libmagnem

ubi/kapab .nipmip


ix

.8 P ,amam ,apa aiM sakamireT . hi sata naalerek amam apap nagnukud tnanem i

naiV nakiaseleynem iluk hisakamireT .ha idajnem ulales gnay aiM

gnay itrepes anajras idajnem asib uka aynrihkA .ukpudih malad tagnameynep

.nakparah nailak

.9 aulek nad ijeB agrauleK irebmem ulales gnay ,ubmajN agr naitahrep nak

malad gnayas hisak nad nagnukud .ini ispirks nasilunep

.01 dmA ,anayirT idneN ukataubmem gnay umak , kadit hanrep halel

nakragnednem hulek umaK .ukhasek nial gnay anraw nakirebmem gnay

.ini taas aggnih ukinamenem aites gnay umaK .ukpudih malad

.11 irtuP anaisuR alleB nad irasaraggnA neiD . abahaS nakirebmem gnay t

sulul atik aynrihka aggnih iska lawa iraD .ukhailuk asam amales naairecek

.gnerab

.21 tekeK nad ivoY ,aidivoY nameT . - namet nakirebmem gnay nagnaujrepes

atres larom nagnukud nakragnednem natahruc enep .itil .asaib raul nailaK

.31 diruM atres uruG -M auD ailuM iduB KT GP nad ataluammI PMS id ukdiru

.ukkpudih igab asaib raul tagnames nakirebmem nailak naruteS

.41 kutnu tagnames ayas nakirebmem gnay ,gnuggnaplageT 31 WR agraW

nad sulul areges asib ayas agomes igab anugreb lah utauses nakirebmem

1 WR naujamek gnuggnaplageT 3

.51 nameT - nad ”laggnitret gnay gnaujeP“ namet namet - namet 0102 natakgna

hisakamiret ,aynnial hadus gnilas suret ,oyA .naktagnignem !gnaujreb

.61 .ayas ispirks nasilunep malad utabmem gnay kahip hurules naD


iix

isam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP .nagnarukek kaynab tapadret h

lah tapadret alibapa faam nohoM - lah ,uti anerak helO .nanekreb gnaruk gnay

silunep imed nugnabmem gnay nakusam nad kitirk alages amirenem

taafnam nakirebmem tapad ini ispirks agomeS .ayntujnales ispirks nakiabrep

p kaynab igab .hisakamireT .kahi

,atrakaygoY 6102 sutsugA 42

,siluneP

yratnaiV atcO


iiix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NESOD NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ . ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... iii

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ..................... iv

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ...... v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ .......................... iv

ARTSBA K ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... iiv

CARTSBA T ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... iiiv

ESREP RABMEL HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUT ......................... ix

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ .................... x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ .. x iii

LEBAT RATFAD .............................................................................. ................ x iv

RABMAG RATFAD ...... x iiv

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................... x iiiv

:I BAB NAULUHADNEP ................................ ................................ ......... 1

.A rataL gnakaleB halasaM ................................ ............................ 1

.B nasumuR halasaM ................................ ................................ ..... 6

.C naujuT naitileneP ................................ ................................ ...... 6

.D taafnaM naitileneP ................................ ................................ .... 6


vix

:II BAB IROET NASADNAL ................................ ................................ .... 8

.A fislupmI nailebmeP ................................ ................................ ... 8

.1 fisupmI nailebmeP isinifeD ................................ ................. 8

.2 kepsA - fislupmI nailebmeP kepsA ................................ ....... 9

.3 isupmI nailebmeP rotkaF f ................................ ................... 9

.B satimrofnoK ................................ ................................ .............. 12

.1 satimofnoK isinifeD ................................ ............................ 12

.2 satimrofnoK kepsA ................................ ............................. 13

.C ajameR ................................ ................................ ...................... 13

.1 ajameR naitregneP ajameR nasataB nad .............................. 13

.2 ajameR nagnabmekreP sesorP ................................ ............. 14

.3 ..........................satimrofnoK nad ajameR ............................ 71

.D nagnubuH akimaniD nad satimrofnoK nailebmeP nagnuredneceK

lawA ajameR adap fislupmI ................................ ...................... 81

.E sisetopiH naitileneP ................................ ................................ ... 21

:III BAB DOTEM NAITILENEP E ................................ ............................... 22

.A oteM d naitileneP igolo ................................ ............................... 22

.B lebairaV naitileneP ................................ ................................ .... 22

.C isinifeD lanoisarepO ................................ ................................ .. 22

.1 satimrofnoK ................................ ................................ ........ 22

.2 ceK fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredne ................................ .... 23

.D kejbuS naitileneP ................................ ................................ ...... 23

.E oteM ed talA nad ataD nalupmugneP ................................ ......... 23


vx

.F satidilaV iskeleS , metiA nad satilibaileR ................................ ... 72

.1 .........................................................satidilaV ......................... ... 72

.2 iskeleS metiA ............................................ ......................... ..... ... 72

.3 satilibaeR .......................................................... ...................... ... 92

.G edoteM ataD sisilanA ................................ ............................... 30

:VI BAB NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH ............................... 32

.A naanaskaleP naitileneP ................................ .............................. 23

.B ispirkseD kejbuS naitileneP ................................ ....................... 32

.C ispirkseD itileneP ataD na ................................ .......................... 33

.D lisaH naitileneP ................................ ................................ ......... 53

.1 ijU ismusA ................................ ................................ .......... 53

.2 ijU sisetopiH ................................ ................................ ....... 63

.E nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ........ 73

:V BAB NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK ................................ ...................... 93

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ................... 93

.B naraS ................................ ................................ ............................ 93

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ..................... 40

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 44


ivx

LEBAT RATFAD

lebaT . .1 metiA narabeS alakS fnoK metiA iskeleS mulebeS satimro .......... 24

lebaT .2 rabeS metiA na mulebeSlauskeSukalirePalakS metiA iskeleS ........ 24

3 lebaT . fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK alakS naialineP rokS ............ 52

lebaT .4 okS satimrofnoK alakS naialineP r ................................ ................ 52

lebaT .5 metiA narabeS alakS nailebmeP nagnuredneeK haletes fislupmI

metiA iskeles ................................ ................................ ............... 62

lebaT .6 metiA narabeS alakS fnoK metiA iskeleS mulebeS satimro .......... 92

lebaT 7 aisU ataD kejbuS naitileneP ................................ ......................... 23

lebaT 8 sineJ ataD nimaleK kejbuS naitileneP ................................ .......... 32

lebaT 9. ataD siripmE naeM nad kitiroeT naeM ................................ ........ 33

01 lebaT . ijU t elpmaS enO - tseT satimrofnoK ................................ ............. 43

11 lebaT ijU t elpmaS enO - tseT fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK ......... 43

21 lebaT jU vorogomloK sisilanA i - vonrimS ................................ .............. 53

31 lebaT satiraeniL ijU ................................ ................................ ............... 63


iivx

RABMAG RATFAD

rabmaG neceK nad satimrofnoK aratna nagnubuH akimaniD 1 d nailebmeP nagnure

.................................fislupmI ....................................... 2.............................. 1


iiivx

RATFAD NARIPMAL

maL alakS .1 narip aboCijU ................................ ................................ .............. 45

alakS .2 naripmaL naitileneP ................................ ................................ ............ 06

aileR .3 naripmaL alakS satilib satimrofnoK ................................ ..................... 70

bileR .4 naripmaL alakS satili niyuB fislupmI nagnuredneceK g ........................ 47

.5 naripmaL satiraeniLijUnadsatilamroNijU :ismusAijU ................................ .. 97

maL .6 narip sisetopiHijU ................................ ................................ ................. 83


1

B BA I

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

turuneM .kududnep kaynab ikilimem gnay aragen halada aisenodnI

623.146.732 iapacnem aisenodnI kududnep ,0102 nuhat kitsitatS tasuP nadaB

.gnaro P kududne aisenodnI bek ikilimem adebreb gnay pudih nahutu - .adeb

aadebreP iskasnart nakukalem udividni nakidajnem pudih nahutubek n

.nailebmep fA turuneM gnay ukalirep halada ilebmem ukalirep )3991( fi

.nemusnok ikilimid gnay nahutubek aynada anerak nemusnok nakukalid

t ialinem ,ynapmoC nesleiN ehT ,aisenodnI id tesir naahasureP ner

inI .aynnuhat paites fislupmi nikames gnabmekreb aisenodnI id ajnalebmep

takaraysam padahret tubesret naahasurep nakukalid gnay tesir irad tahilid

atok amil aynamileK .aisenodnI id raseb halada tubesret atok ,atrakaJ

eM nad ,rassakaM ,ayabaruS ,gnudnaB id ajnalebmep aynfislupmI“ .nad

raju ”,ajnalebreb nigni taas akerem naanacnerep irad tahilid tapad aisenodnI

aynrotnak id ,nesleiN secivreS reliateR fo rotceriD etaicossA ,nuamaR ybbeF ,

1102 inuJ 12 asaleS )1102 ,ayliceD ijtuS( .

halo idajnem halet ajnaleB hunemep nakhab pudih ayag ,agar

.napudihek hunemep iagabes aynah ajnaleb aggniheS .sigolokisp nahutubek

,8991 , worracnaN & yelyaB ;6991 , yruL( eittaeB ,ramttiD ;6991 ,eseirF &

.)9002 grebneppinK & neknalpreV ,idabareH malad )5002 ,ramttiD

ret naataynreP awhaB .)7991( akigolokisP malad nakakumekid aguj tubes

nahabureP .gnarab nailebmep malad nahaburep imalagnem takaraysam


2

anerak asaj uata kudorp utaus ilebmem takaraysam anamid halada tubesret

anigniek aynah uata nahutubek .n

hibelreb gnay nailebmep uklireP .fislupmi nailebmep tubesid tapad na

nailebmeP fislupmi halada ujnalid naka tauk gnay fitisop naasarep nakt

nailebmep nakadnit nagned .)2002 ,newoM malad 5891 ,kcoH & kcoR(

nailebmeP nakanacnerid kadit nailebmep iagabes nakitraid tapad fislupmi

mem mulebes aynada nakanerakid tubesret laH .)2991 ,leassA( okot ikusa

araces gnarab ilebmem kutnu udividni irad lucnum irad tauk gnay nagnorod

utiay ,nemele aud ikilimem fislupmi nailebmeP .)2002 ,nomoloS( natnops

ome nad malad gnay nagnabmitrep uata anacnerid kadit nahibelreb gnay is

idabareH & neknalpreV( 1002 , ).

ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf kaynab adA .fislupmi nailebmep rotkaF

itupilem lanretni noitcaer sserts ,lortnoc fo kcal a nad noitprosba nad naoY(

as halas fislupmi nailebmep babeynep lanretke rotkaF .)002 ,rebiF aynut

halada nailebmep naktakgninem agraulek nad ayabes namet 5002 ,uoL(

.)3102 ,tahkaB & mahtanagaruM malad

fislupmi nailebmeP t aisu aumes adap idajret tapad aisu ilaucekret kadi

alada ajameR .ajamer op rasap uata narasas h et n ajameR .nesudorp igab lais

em kadit ,namet tukignem akus ,nalki ,kujubret hadum gnay retkarak ikilim

gnay tamehgnem tapad kadit kutnu nagnurednecek ikilimem nad sitsilaer

mer nakidajnem fitmusnok ukalirep ikilimem aja )1002 ,nanubmaT( .

aH .nesudorp igab tapet gnay narasas halada ajameR tahilret tapad ini l

kciK nanuhat araca itrepes adum muak kutnu nakujutid gnay araca aynkaynab


3

,edaraP gnihtolC eidnI ajgoJ kana noihsaf naulrepek dnats nakijaynem gnay

nial nad utapes ,sat ,gnaleg ,tekaj ,ipot ,naiakap itrepes adum - gnay aracA .nial

hanrep natapadnep puarem tapad atrakajgoJ id irah agit amales ralegid

nad saisutna anamiagab tahilid tapad ini laH .haipur raylim amil rasebes

,hallufiayS( atrakajgoJ id adum umak igab raseb tagnas gnay nailebmep

002 ,itawainruK( olloZ utrunem ,uti nialeS .)1102 tegrat halada ajamer )9

huragnep irebmem tapad ajamer nakanerakid ini laH .laisnetop gnay rasap

halmuj nagned gnau nakajnalebmem ajamer ,aynaut gnaro naraulegnep igab

.dnert kutnebmep nakapurem ajamer nad gnatadnem asam id kaynab gnay

utaus halada ajameR pudih nagnabmekrep asam malad edoirep

kana irad nahaburep asam nakapurem gnay aisunam - asawed idajnem kana

ad fitingok ,sigoloib nahaburep nakatrestukignem aynmalad id gnay oisos n -

.)7002 ,kcortnaS( isome

.satitnedi nairacnep asam imalagnem aguj ajamer asaM gnires ajameR

gnabmoret ilak - nagnagep ikilimem kadit ajamer nakanerakid ini laH .gnibma

.aynirid sata tauk gnay gnay isamrofni idajnem ayabes namet kopmoleK

.)9991 ,initraH( ajamer igab tauk tagnas ajamer gnorodnem tubesret laH

satimrofnok nakukalem

pmoleK uata ayabes namet ko puorg reep .ajamer igab nauca idajnem

itrepes idajret gnay ajamer nalakanek aynkaynab nagned nakitkubid ini laH

nial nad ,abokran nakanuggnem ,sarek namunim munim ,kokorem ,naruwat -

.)9991 ,initraH( nial


4

nakataynem )5002( enryB & noraB nakapurem satimrofnok

itukignem kutnu udividni helo nakukalid gny ukal hakgnit ,pakis nahaburep

.udividni helo nakasarid gnay nanaket ada anerak ada gnay laisos amron

amron nagned iuses gnay nakadnit utaus nakukalem halada satimrofnoK

m tapad raga laisos nahatreb tapad raga nagnukgnil nagned irid nakiauseyne

.)4002 ,onowraS( pudih urinem udividni akitek lucnum tapad satimrofnoK

hakgnit uata pakis nupuam atayn gnay nanaket nakanerakid nial gnaro ukal

akerem helo nakgnayabid gnay .)3002,kcortnaS(

alem ajameR ofnok nakuk r akanerakid ini lah satim n nigni ajamer

adap kopmoleK .)4991 ,sknoM( asawed gnaro irad irid naksapelem ialumem

umetreb iskaretni aynhabmatreb akitek tauk gnay isehok ikilimem ajamer

sanommoH( tubesret kopmolek adap ( 6991 ) aleS .)4991 sknoM malad ayntujn

kopmolek malad nahaburep naklubminem ajamer adap tauk gnay isehok

malad nipmimep aynada irad tahilid tubesret kopmolek nahabureP .tubesret

amron nakutnenem tapad kopmolek nipmimeP .tubesret kopmolek - amron

uberet laH .tubesret kopmolek adap kopmolek gnay ajamer nakidajnem t

( iridnes aynirid adap irad kopmolek nakgnitnemem atoggna iagabes M skno ,

.)4991 takaraysam malad amiretid asib kutnu nanigniek ikilimem ajameR

alages itukignem ahasureb ajamer nakidajnem ini laH .aynkopmolek amaturet

s gnay utauses uti taas adap dnert idajnem gnade ini laH .)1002 ,nanubmaT(

tapad .fitmusnok idajnem gnurednecek ikilimem ajamer nakidajnem

satimrofmoK ikilimem .fislupmi nailebmep malad huragnep akiteK

naka satimrofnok kopmolek akam ,A utaus nakanuggnem ajamer utaus


5

nem nakapurem ayabes namet nakanerakid ini laH .tubesret kadorp nakanugg

naka lah kaynaB .)7002 ,kcortnaS( ajamer napudihek malad gnitnepret kepsa

kusamret kopmolek utaus malad amiretid kuntu ajamer helo nakukalid

.ayabes namet nagned amas gnay gnarab ilebmem )2991( leassA turuneM

.ujlas alob kefe itrepes halada fislupmi nailebmep malad satimrofnok laH

kopmolek amales tubesret kadorp nakanuggnem naka ajamer anamid tubesret

ujnep aggnihes nakanuggnem hisam a .takgninem naka nal

nakukalid gnay naitilenep turuneM Y moc.tegduBadeeNuo malad(

moc.utasatireb.www adap nakukalid gnay )5102 rebmevoN 61 adap seskaid

ajnalebreb nakataynem nednopser nesrep 46 naklisahgnem nesnopser 0001

ibahgnem tapad namet nagned laH .gnau kaynab naks rakid ini ane nasala nak

gnarab ilebmem kutnu namet uyar kujub asar nahanem tapad kadit nad remap

nednopser nesrep 54 naidumeK .nakulrepid kadit aynranebes gnay

nameT .naaribmegek kefe nakirebmem namet nagned ajnalebreb nakataynem

p utaus idajnem nanaket nad .fislupmi nailebmep aynlucnum gnorodne laH

napudihek malad awhab alup itrareb tubesret satimrofnok gnay ajamer

.nakradnihret kadit fislupmi nailebmep turunem nakanerakid ini laH p ukalire

rab gnay lah abocnem gnanes ajamer nakanerakid tapad ajamer fitmusnok u

& aniL malad 4891 attiB & noduoL( takaraysam malad diysoR .)7991

aratna nagnubuh itilenem nigni itilenep sataid narabajnep nakrasadreB

ajamer adap fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek nagned satimrofnok lawa .

lawa ajamer adap nakukalid naka ini naitileneP nuhat 51 aggnih 21 aisu id

.)PMS( amatreP hagneneM halokeS adap adareb gnay ajamer nagned arates


6

nataukek nad igrene tapadret ikilimem ajamer nuhat 51 aggnih 21 aisu malaD

kutnu nanigniek nad uhat nigni asar ikilimem tubesret udividni anamid kisif

abocnem 2171 uaessuoR( urab lah - ini naitileneP .)7891 otilraS malad ,8771

d atsaws halokeS .atrakaygoY atok atawS halokeS id nakukalid naka hilipi

ek atsaws halokes anerak gnay halokes ayaib naknabebmem nagnurednec

autgnaro irad imonoke rotkaF .aynawsis adap iggnit ikilimem aguj awsis

.fislupmi nailebmep malad nanarep

.B alasaM nasumuR h

naktucurekid tapad sataid gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB ini naitilenep

hakapa halada tapadret aratna nagnubuh nagnurednecek nagned satimrofnok

ajamer adap fitmusnok nailebmep aygoY id lawa atrak .

.C naitilenep naujuT

: tukireb iagabes halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT

iuhategnem kutnU aynada nagnubuh nagnurednecek nad satimrofnok

gnay ajamer adap fislupmi nailebmep .atrakaygoY id ada

.D naitileneP taafnaM

reb iagabes halada ini naitilenep taafnaM : tuki

.1 siteroeT taafnaM

hanasahk habmanem/saulrepmem tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

nagnubuh ianegnem aynsusuhk ,nemusnok igolokisp nauhategnep umli

adap fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek nad satimrofnok nagnubuh

lawa ajamer id .atrakaygoY


7

.2 tkarP taafnaM si

nahab nad kilab napmu iagabes halada ini naitilenep sitarp taafnaM

nagned natiakreb ajamer igab isaulave ukalirep .aynfislupmi nailebmep


8

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

.A ( fislupmI nailebmeP )gniyuB evislupmI

.1 fislupmI nailebmeP isinifeD

sinifednem )2002( nomolaS nada halada fislupmi nailebmep naki ay

rad lucnum gnay tauk nagnorod udividni irid i gnarab ilebmem kutnu

,ayntujnaleS .aynokiser nakuarihgnem kadit atres natnops araces

gnay ajnalebreb ukalirep iagabes nakisinifedid aguj fislupmi nailebmep

t araces idajret abi - naasarep iatresid nad nakanacnerid kadit ,abit

nad neknalpreV malad 7891 kooR( nakaribmeggnem nad nakgnaneynem

dabareH 1002 .) ( newoM 2002 nailebmep halada fisilupmi nailebmep )

u lucnum gnay naasarep nakuluhadnem gnay tn naidumek ,ilebmem ku

d naktujnalid .isaulave nagned irihkaid ayntujnales ilebmem ukalirep nagne

ukalirep iagabes fislupmi nailebmep nakisinifednem )7891( kooR

,lanoisome araces kiratret ,anacneret kadit araces idajret gnay ajnalebreb

tapec nagned nakukalid nasutupek nataubmep sesorp atres rikipreb apnat

nad isamrofni nahurulesek padahret nagnabmitrep aynada nad kajib araces

ada gnay fitanretla . )2002 ,eeL & necaK malad( rendraG nad kooR

kadit gnay nailebmep iagabes fislupmi nailebmep nakisinifednem

cnerid nagned iadnatid gnay nakana fitaler utupek nalibmagnep tapec ,nas

nad .gnusgnal nakilimepek gnukudnem malad fitkejbus saib


9

awhab naklupmisid tapad ilha aparebeb tapadnep nakrasadreB

gnay nagnorod helo nakukalid gnay nailebmep halada fislupmi nailebmep

em kutnu tauk m atnops araces gnarab ileb gnay naasarep iatresid n

.isaulave nagned irihkaid nad nakgnaneynem

.2 kepsA - fislupmI nailebmeP kepsa

malad kepsa aud nakpakgnugnem )1002( idabareH & neknalpreV

:utiay ,fislupmi nailebmep

.a fitingoK kepsA

fislupmi nailebmep malad duskamid gnay fitingok kepsA halada

nagnurednecek nad gnarab ilebmem malad naanacnerep ayngnaruk

.kudorp utaus ilebmem malad nagnabmitrep

b. fitkefA kepsA

upilem fislupmi nailebmep fitkefa kepsA nad gnanes naasarep it

ayntujnaleS .ilebmem kutnu nagnorod aynada nakidajnem aribmeg

sek abit gnay naasarep aynada anerak irid lortnognem natilu - abit

id naidumeK .ilebmem kutnu itah nanigniek irad lucnum atres i

.nailebmep haletes halasreb asar uata nalaseynep

.3 fisupmI nailebmeP rotkaF

lada amatrep rotkaF .fislupmi nailebmep malad rotkaf aud adA ha

rotkaf naidumeK .irid malad irad rotkaf nakapurem gnay lanretni rotkaf

ke rotkaf halada ayntujnales s .udividni irid raul irad rotkaf uata lanret


01

.a lanretnI rotkaF

agit ada )0002( rebiF nad naoY lanruj malaD rotkaf gnay

islupmi nailebmep rotkaf nakidajnem f : nial aratna

.1 lortnoC fo kcaL A

iladnegnep anerak idajret fislupmi nailebmeP a gnay irid n

arac halada irid nailadnegnep nakanerakid ini laH .kiab gnaruk

.nagnorod rotinomem kutnu ikilimem gnay udividnI

,natnops kadnitreb naka gnaruk gnay irid nailadnegnep habageg

nakataynem )0002( rebiF nad naoY .nagnapmares kadnitreb nad

isubirtnok nakirebmem gnay isnetop nakapurem irid niladnegnep

.fislupmi nailebmep adap

.2 noitcaeR ssertS

gnay udividni metsis nakisatneserperem sserts iskaeR

tni nad isneukerf malad adebreb isautis nopserem kutnu satise

.utnetret udividni rotkaf nakidajnem tapad fitagen nopseR

nad kooR naitilenep malad nakatayniD .fislupmi idajnem

nailebmep awhab )0002 rebiF nad naoY malad 8891( rendraG

hibel naasarep adap nahaburep nakirebmem tapad fislupmi .kiab

iagabes nakanugid aguj tapad fislupmi nailebmeP sserts gnippoc

)0002 ,rebiF nad naoY ( udividni adap


11

.3 noitprosbA

noitprosbA al kutnu nagnurednecek halada r malad tu

irid namalagnep udividnI .raul irad nopser nakanerakid gnay

bA ikilimem gnurednec gnay ikilimem naka iggnit noitpros

udividni nakanerakid ini laH .fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek

,uab ,araus adap tapec gnay nopser ikilimem naka fitrosba gnay

lah nad adnat - .kiranem gnay gnay lah

.b lanretskE rotkaF

upmi udividni nakidajnem aguj raul irad rotkaF .gniyub fisl

awhab nakataynem )1002( idabareH nad neknalpreV malaD

nagnukgnil naokotrep ,kudorp nalipmanep itrepes kudorp naatanep ,

naidumek itrepes rutif aynada murah gnay uab anraw , kiranem gnay ,

nakgnaneynem gnay kisum uata tapad ihuragnepmem anem nad kir

udividni nailebmep fitom naklubminem . awhab nakataynid naidumeK

idajnem udividni nakbabeynem aguj agraulek nad ayabes namet

,ayntujnaleS .)3102 ,mahtnanagaruM malad 3002 ,uoL( fislupmi

nakataynem )3102 irasayamruN malad ,2991( nosnorA naitilenep

awhab nailebmep ihuragnepmem gnay raul rotkaf halada satimrofnok

.fislupmi


21

.B satimrofnoK

.1 satimrofnoK naitregneP

lada satimrofnoK ha nakukalid gnay ukal hakgnit pakis nahaburep

anaket ada anerak ada gnay laisos amron iturunem kutnu udividni helo n

ni nakasarid gnay noraB( udivid & enryB 5002 , ) . nad inidlaiC turuneM

naktubeynem )9002( sraeS ,ualpeP ,rolyaT malad )4002( nietsdloG

uata nanikayek utaus habugnem kutnu nagnurednecek halada satimrofnok

.nial gnaro ukalirep nagned iauses raga gnaroeses ukalirep

a satimrofnoK iauses gnay nakadnit utauses nakukalem halad

nagned irid nakiauseynem tapad raga ada gnay laisos amron nagned

gnay nakadnit utaus halada satimrofnoK .)0002( otilraS nagnukgnil

sraeS nial kopmolek irad nanaket ada anerak udividni helo nakukalid

.)2102(

dreB satimrofnok naklupmisid tapad hokot aparebeb irad nakrasa

nagnurednecek ikilimem gnay ukal hakgnit uata pakis nahaburep utaus

gnay laisos amron nagned iauses gnay gnaroeses nanikayek habugnem

tapad raga kopmolek irad nanaket ada anerak udividni nakukalid

.isatpadareb

.2 satimrofnoK kepsA

enryB & noraB turunem satimrofnok irad kepsa aud adA

: utiay tubesret kepsA .)5002(


31

.a fitamroN kepsA

laisos huragnep iagabes nakatakid tapad fitamroN kepsA

nakapakgnugnem ini kepsA .fitamron udividni ukal hakgnit nahaburep

tnu udividni nakukalid satimrofnoK .nial gnaro naparah ihunemem ku

padahret natukatek asar nad iakusid kutnu nagnigniek ada anerak

.kopmolek irad nakalonep

.b fitamrofnI kepsA

laisos huragnep iagabes aguj tubesid fitamrofnI kepsA

ugnem tubesret kepsA .fitamrofni nahaburep aynada pakgn hakgnit

ukal dni .raneb idajnem kutnu nanigniek aynada tabika iagabes udivi

satimrofnok nakukalem naka udividni nakbabeynem tubesret laH

gnutnagreb kutnu udividni nagnurednecek ikilimem udivini anerak

ggnaid gnay nial udividni adap gnatnet isamrofni rebmus iagabes pa

.lah alages

.C ajameR

.1 ajameR nasataB nad ajameR naitregneP

mulebes aisunam iulalid gnay nagnabmekrep halada ajameR

itsi kaynab .asawed idajnem utiay ajamer ianegnem hal ecsoloda cn e gnay

.nital asahab irad lasareb ajamer asaM utaus halada ecnecseloda uata

nahaburep asam nakapurem gnay aisunam nagnabmekrep malad edoirep

kana irad - nakatrestukignem aynmaladid gnay asawed idajnem kana


41

oisos nad ,fitingok ,sigoloib nahaburep - .)7002 ,kcortnaS( lanoisome

sam nakataynem )1002( kcolruH udividni isisnart asam halada ajamer a

kiab nahaburep imalagnem ajamer ,ini asam adap .asawed ujunem

.sigolokisp nupuam kisif nahaburep

sknoM ( 6002 01 tukireb iagabes ajamer aisu nakirogetakgnem )

aggnih dumeK .ajamer arp asam halada 21 uhat 51 aggnih 21 nai halada n

ajamer halada nuhat 81 aggnih 51 aisu naktujnaliD .lawa ajamer asam

.nuhat 12 aggnih 81 aisu irihkaid ajamer asaM .nahagnetrep

halada ajamer awhab naklupmisid tapad sataid naiaru nakrasadreB

akapurem gnay nuhat 12 aggnih 01 aisureb gnay udividni nahilarep asam n

kana asam irad - nahaburep sesorp iatresid gnay asawed asam idajnem kana

oisos nad fitingok ,sigoloib - .lanoisome

.2 ekreP sesorP m ajameR nagnab

ekrep malad kortnaS turuneM m agit ikilimem aisunam nagnab

uti nagabmekrep sesorP .nagnabmekrep sesorp sesorp nial aratana

oisos sesorp nad fitingok sesorp ,sigoloib - nagnabmekrep asaM .lanoisome

nagnabmekrep sesorP .tubesret sesorp agitek irad tupul kadit aguj ajamer

: nial aratna ajamer turunem

.a sigoloiB sesorP

ajamer asam ikusamem nakatakid tapad udividnI akitek halada

sesorp halada satrebuP .satrebup imalagnem tubesret udividni


51

adap tapec araces idajret gnay lanomroh nad hubut nahaburep

.)3002( kortnaS kisif nagnatamek halada lanomroh nahabureP

ifingis gnay natakginep ikilimem ajamer adap anamid nahaburep .nak

nomroh nad negordna nomroh halada huragnepreb gnay nomroH

ikal kutnu amatu nomroh sinej halada negordna nomroH .negortske -

amatu nomroh halada negortske nomroh nakgnadeS .ikal kutnu

asam idajret taas tauk takgninem tubesret nomroh audeK .naupmerep

bup e adap idajret gnay kisif nahaburep aynidajreT .)3002 ,kortnaS( satr

;5991 ,sacuL&nroD( nomroh nahaburep aynada anakerakid ajamer

.)3002 ,kortnaS malad 3991 lld ,namsuS ; 1991 ,nroD & namsuS

nadab tareb ,iggnit nahaburep halada atahilret gnay kisif nahabureP ,

adap kapman gnay lauskes nagnatameK .lauskes nagnatamek atres

ahaburep aynada halada ajamer ,naulamek tubmar hubmut n

ebmem ikal adap naidumeK .isaurtsnem idajret atres araduyap aynras -

tubmar hubmut ,sinep naruku nahabmatrep ,simuk aynhubmut ikal

tala adap kaitek ,nimalek , .)3002 ,kortnaS( hajaw

.b fitingoK sesorP

sesorp halada fitingok sesorp nakrabajnem )3002( kcotrnaS

narikimep ,asahab nahaburep itupilem gnay udividni nagnabmekrep

isnegeletni atres iroeT . gid gnay fitinigok nagnabmekrep u halada nakan

P iroet tegaiP isoret malaD .tegai )3002 ,kortnaS malad( adareb ajamer

irad rihkaret pahat nakapurem gnay lamrof lanoisarepo pahat malad

aisureb udividni akitek lucnum pahat adaP .tegaiP iroet pahat tapmeek


61

l ialum ajamer ni isingok sesorp adaP .nuhat 51 aggnih 11 rikifreb hibe

nahacamep nakamanem tegaiP .sigol rikifreb atres silaedi ,kartsba

( fitkuded lacitopih naralaneP ini halasam laciretopyh - evitcuded

gninosaer anugreb gnay fitingok naupmamek ikilimem ajamer anamid )

ek ikilimem uata sisetopih nakgnabmegnem kutnu kutnu naupmam

nad sisilanaid haletes naidumeK .halasam nahacemep iskiderpmem

hlasam nahacemep sata nalupmisek libmagnem tapad ajamer ,isiderpid

uata sitametsis gnay iskuded nakukalem akerem atres .tubesret

.halasam utaus nakalupmiynem

.c oisoS sesorP - anoisomE l

adareb udividni )3002 ,kcortnaS malad( noskcirE turuneM

akapurem ini laH .satitnedi nagnabmibek susrev satitnedI pahat malad

gnades ajamer ini pahat adaP .amilek gnay noscirE nagnabekrep pahat

.aynhuggnuses gnay akerem irid apais iracnem

2891 ( noskcirE ada nakataynem )8002 ,tsieF & tsieF malad

halada amatrep gnay rebmuS .satitnedi naklucnumem gnay rebmus aud

kana taas adap isakifitnedi nakalonep asar - halada audek rebmuS .kana

ajamer gnukudnem ini lah gnay ajamer laisos nad sirotsih sketnok

nok nakukalem ajamer ini asam adaP .utnetret tradnats igab satimrof

id nakukalid gnay aynpudih malad narep ilakes kaynab ikilimem

& tsieF( irid saititnedi nakutnebmep ayapu iagabes aynnagnukgnil

)3002 ,kcortnaS malad( noskcirE uti anerak helO .)8002 ,tsieF


71

ayntubeynem P muirotaroM lacigolocis naadebrep nakapurem gnay

kana asamid nama asar aratna - asawed udividni imonoto nagned kana

ajamer ini asam adaP .satitnedi isarolpske iagabes ajamer imalaid gnay

gnaboret nad libats kadit idajnem - nakapurem ini laH .gnibma

y nemirepske .aynsatnedi iracnem kutnu nakukalid gna

ipadahagnem malad lisahreb nakatakid naka ajameR

satitnedi ipadahgnem upmam tubesret ajamer akitek aynsaititnedi -

gnay narikimep naktapadmem naidumek nagnatnetreb gnay satitnedi

rid ianegnem amiretid tapad atres urab .)3002 ,kcortnaS( ayni

sisirk nakiaseleynem malad lagag gnay ajamer ,ayntujnaleS

.)3002 ,kcortnaS( satitnedi nanugnibek imalagnem naka aynsatitnedi

.3 satimrofnoK nad ajameR

.nakhasipid tapad kadit gnay lah halada ayabes namet nad ajameR

gnaulem tapad ajameR nagned amasreb kaynab hibel gnay utkaw nak

kana asam adap asareb taas adap irad aynayabes namet - kana ( kcortnaS ,

2002 ). .iggnit gnay satimrofnok asar ikilimem ajamer asam adap nadumeK

.tauk tagnas ajamer naakasarid gnay nanaket nakanerakid ini laH nanakeT

,kcortnaS( satimrofnok nakukalem kutnu nenopmok utas halas nakapurem

.)3002 fitagen tubesret lah nakaidajanem tapad ajamer adap satimrofnoK

retsoF ;1991 ,aneramaC ( fitisop idajnem uata - nayrB ;1991 htylB & kralC

ad 3991 llaW ;0991 ,rozreHn& 002 kcortnaS mal ofnok nakadniT .)3 satimr

asurem ,irucnem ukalirep irad tahilid tapad fitagen gnay ajamer k ,


81

kolognem atres napos gnaruk gnay asahab nakanuggnem - nad urug kolo

umaN .aut gnaro fitisop gnay ajamer satimrofnok malad n atres ukalirep

mer nanigniek halada tubesret ayabes namet nakatrestukignem kutnu aja

nakanuggnem itrepes nakhotnocid tapad uti laH .aynnapudihek maladid

utkaw kaynab nakgnaulem atres ayabes namet nagned amas gnay tubirta

.aynayabes namet kutnu

.D ailebmeP nagnurednecek nad satimrofnoK nagnubuH akimaniD n

ajameR adap fislupmI

halada ajameR napudihek malad kinu gnay asam halada ajamer asaM

ikilimem ajameR .ayniridid adap idajret gnay nahaburep kaynab anam id asam

nahabureP .aynagnabmekrep malad iridnesret iric - nagnabmekrep nahaburep

ilimem udividni awabmem .lanoisome oisos nad fitingok ,kisif nahaburep ik

.ajamer adap halasam idajnem tupul kadit aguj laisos nagnabmekreP

gnay itukignem uam ajamer nakbabeynem gnay nagnorod ikilimem ajameR

naka nasamecek helo nakbabesid ini nagnoroD .aynagnukgnil id naknigniid

gnayas hisak ada kadit natukatek nad namacna aynada ,namukuh ipadahgnem

nagned isatadareb ajamer ayapu utas halaS .)5891 ,otilraS( nial gnaro irad

.satimrofnok nakukalem

ini laH .ajamer napudihek malad gnitnep tagnas idajnem satimrofnoK

naket nakanerakid nakukalem kutnu iggnit hibel ajamer helo nakasarid gnay na

tapad kadit nakatakid asib aguj satimrofnoK .)3002 ,kortnaS( satimrofnok

satimrofnok nakanerakid ini laH .ajamer napudihek malad nakhasipid


91

ap satimrofnoK .isatpadareb kutnu udividni arac nakapurem tapad ajamer ad

tubesret lah audeK .fitagen aguj fitisop gnay ajamer ukalirep nakidajnem

ad hotnoc iagabeS .ajamer paites adap adebreb gnay kapmad ikilimem m kap

gnay naruwat susak aynkaram irad tahilid tapad fitagen gnay satimrofnok

meK .ajamer adap idajret halada satimrofnok irad fitisop kapmad naidu

.anacneb nabrok kutnu anad nagnalaggnep

nakukalem ajamer akitek tahilid tapad aguj satimrofnok ukalireP

/ nagnukud tropus ajamer tahilid tapad ini laH .akerem halokes mit adap

utnu amas gnay tubirta nakanuggnem gnay halokes mit gnukudnem k

nalupmukrep adap idajret aguj amas gnay tubirta naiakameP .gnidnatreb

raga ajamer nakukalid aynasaib amas gnay tubirta naanuggneP .ayabes namet

gnay dnert aynkaynaB .aynitukiid gnay kopmolek helo amiretid asib

dajnem gnabmekreb tubesret nahabureP .tubirta itnagreb ulales ajamer naki

nad lauj ialin naktakgninem kutnu naujutreb gnay nesudorp helo nakukalid

tagnas gnay tegrat nakapurem gnamem ajameR .nagnutnuek naktapadanem

adum ajamer nakanerakid ini laH .nesudorp helo ujutid hadum ilakes h

idajret asib dnert nahabureP .dnert nahaburep nagned iauses ayag itnagreb

.tubesret tubirta nakanuggnem ayabes namet uata rugif kilbup kaynab akitek

habureb ulales gnay tubirta naitnagreP - ikilimem ajamer nakidajnem habu

bmep ukalirep nagnurednecek .fislupmi naile

nemusnok helo nakukalid gnay nailebmep halada fislupmi nailebmeP

.ilebmem taas nagnabmitrep apnat nakgnaneynem gnay naaasarep nakrasadreb

nigni naasarep adap nakrasadid ajamer adap gnarab ilebmem nanignieK


02

ni laH .aynkopmolek helo amiretid nanaket tapadnem ajamer nakanerakid i

kopmek helo amiretid tapad nanigniek nad nanakeT .kopmolek maladid

.fitmusnok gnurednec gnay ukalirep ikilimem idajnem ajamer nakidajnem


12

rabmaG 1 nagnubuH satimrofnoK fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK nad

.E H sisetopi

satimrofnok aratna nagnubuh ada halada ini naitilenep sisetopiH

agned n ebmep .atrakaygoY id lawa ajamer adap filupmi nail


22

III BAB

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM

.A naitileneP igolodoteM

halada isalerok naitileneP .isalerok naitilenep nakapurem ini naitileneP

naitilenep utaus adap isairav anam huajes tahilem kutnu naujutreb gnay

nakrasadreb hibel uata utas lebairav isairav nagned naktiakid elbairav

.)3102 ,rawznA( isalerok neisifeok

.B naitileneP lebairaV

)nednepeD( Y lebairaV fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek :

)nednepednI( X lebairaV satimrofnok :

.C lanoisarepO ifinifeD

: naitilenep malad lebairav nasatab halada ini tukireB

.1 satimrofnoK

gnay ukal hakgnit uata pakis nahaburep utaus halada satimrofnoK

kopmolek halo amiretid ayapus irid nakiauseynem kutnu nakukalid gnay

helo amiretid nigni nad kalotid kutnu natukatek asar ikilimem nakbabesid

gnay isamrofni rebmus iagabes ayacrepid kopmolek ayntujnales kopmolek

urem em malad udividni naudnap nakap .ukalirep nakutnen

aynhadner iggnit nakujnunem naka alaks adap latot rokS satimrofnok

kejbus ayniggnit nakujnunem iggnit roks ikilimem gnay keybuS .keybus adap


32

hadner roks ikilimem gnay kejbus nakgnadeS .satimrofnok nakukalem

.satimrofnok malad kejbus aynhadner nakujnunem

.2 fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK

fislupmi nailebmeP lada ha taas nakukalid gnay nailebmep

gnaruk naidumek ,kudorp nailebmep naanacnerep malad ayngnaruk

nagned naktujnal id ,kudorp nailebmep malad nakgnabmitrepmem

naasarep nagned irihkaid nad kudorp ilebmem taas fitisop naasarep

etes halasreb asarem uata laseynem .kudorp ilebmem hal

nailebmep nagnurednecek nakujnunem alaks malad iggnit rokS

it gnay kejbus adap fislupmi n nakkujnunem hadner roks nakgnadeS .igg

.hadner gnay fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek

.D naitileneP kejbuS

awa ajamer halada ini naitilenep adap kejbuS l halokeS rajalep adap

P hagneneM .amatre halada ini edotem adap nakanugid gnay kejbus nupadA

gnilpmas ecneinevnoc . C gnilpmas ecneinevno kejbus nahilimep halada

( atad nalibmagnep taas adap seskaid hadum gnay kejbus nakrasareb ,erutnuoK

3002 )

.E talA nad edoteM ataD nalupmugneP

nep adaP nakanugid gnay edotem ini naitile da a naalaksnep edotem hal

.trekiL ledom rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep talA

.fislupmi nailebmep alaks halada fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek


42

akgnabmekid tubesret alaks ,ayntujnaleS nad fitingok kepsa nakrasadreb n

.)1002( idabareH nad neknalpreV iroet malad fitkefa kepsa

alaks nakanuggnem satimrofnok narukugnep malad ,ayntujnaleS

kepsa aud irad nakgnabmekid ini satimrofnok narukugnep alakS .satimrofnok

kepsa nad fitamron kepsa utiay enryB nad noraB iroet malad fitamrofni

.)0002(

ailebmep alakS 04 nusuynem itilenep ,fislupmi n gnay naatayrep ritub

naataynrep ritub 61 irad iridret elbarovaf 04 nad naataynrep ritub .elbarovafnu

H naataynreP .satimrofnok alaks adap ukalreb aguj tubesret la tapad tubesret

: tukireb iagabes lebat adap tahilid

1 lebaT metiA narabeS metiA iskeleS mulebeS fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK alakS

.oN kepsA metiA remoN halmuJ toboB elbarovaF elbarovafnU

.1 .2

fitingoK kepsA

fitkefA kepsA

,12 ,61 ,41 ,4 ,1 ,42.83 ,63 ,03 ,72

,22 ,91 ,21 ,01 ,7 ,5.93 ,33 ,13 ,82

,02 ,81 ,11 ,8 ,6 ,3.53 ,23 ,62 ,32

,52 ,71 ,11 ,31 ,9 ,2.04 ,73 ,43 ,92

02 02

%05 %05

latoT 04 %001 2 lebaT

metiA narabeS alakS satimrofnoK metiA iskeleS mulebeS

.oN kepsA metiA remoN almuJ h toboB elbarovaF elbarovafnU

.1 .2

fitamroN kepsA

fitamrofnI kepsA

,52 ,61 ,21 ,7 ,4 ,1.93 ,63 ,13 ,92

,02 ,81 ,41 ,11 ,9 ,3.73 ,33 ,62 ,22

,12 ,91 ,51 ,01 ,8 ,543 ,23 ,72 ,32

,82 ,42 ,71 ,31 ,6 ,2.04 ,83 ,53 ,03

02 02

%05 %05

latoT 04 01 %0


52

iridret satimrofnok alaks nad fislupmi nailebmep nagnuredecnek alakS

naataynrep irad elbarovaf nad .elbarovafnu naataynreP elbarovaf halada

naataynrep kutnu nakgnadeS .kejbo gnukudnem gnay naataynrep elbarofavnu

gnukudnem kadit gnay naataynrep halada is .)8991 ,aynkitarpuS( kejbo pak

tapme nakirebid kejbus naaynatrep bawajnem malad ,ayntujnaleS

nahilip nopser irogetak iauseS kadiT ,)S( iauseS ,)SS( iauseS tagnaS utiay

S( iauseS kadiT tagnaS nad )ST( nakanugid gnay nopser irogetak tapmE .)ST

alaks malad nakanerakid ini laH .larten nopser nakanuggnem kadit ini

)9002 ,afotsuM( larten irogetak nahilimep ignarugnem

3 lebaT naialineP rokS fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK alakS

nopseR rokS elbarovaF

rokSelbarovafnU

iauseS tagnaS 4 1 iauseS 3 2

useS kadiT ia 2 3 kadiT tagnaS

iauseS 1 4

4 lebaT

naialineP rokS K alakS satimrofno

nopseR rokS elbarovaF

rokSelbarovafnU

iauseS tagnaS 4 1 iauseS 3 2

iauseS kadiT 2 3 kadiT tagnaS

iauseS 1 4

naialinep roks nakijaynem tubesret id lebaT .alaks audek adap P ada

naataynrep elbarovaf ,4 roks tapadnem naka )SS( iauseS tagnaS nabawaj ,


62

naka )ST( iauseS kadiT nabawaj ,3 roks tapadnem naka )S( iauseS nabawaj

roks tapadnem naka )STS( iauseS kadiT tagnaS nabawaj nad ,2 roks tapadnem

.1 kutnu ,ayntujnaleS naataynrep af elbarov nakisakidnignem iggnit roks

alaks adap fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek ikilimem kejbus awhab

fislupmi nailebmep . awhab nakisakidnignem hadner nabawaj nakgnadeS

adap fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek ikilimem kadit gnurednec kejbus

i nailebmep alaks .fislupm .satimrofnok roks adap amas aguj tubesret laH

roks naataynreP elbarovaf satimrofnok nakisakidnignem halet akam iggnit

gnurednec kejbus nakisakidnignem hadner gnay roks aidumeK .kejbus adap

.fislupmi nailebmep kadit

naataynreP elbarofavnu bawaj tagnaS na roks tapadnem naka )SS( iauseS

1 )S( iauseS nabawaj , 2 roks tapadnem naka kadiT nabawaj , naka )ST( iauseS

3 roks tapadnem S kadiT tagnaS nabawaj nad , roks tapadnem naka )STS( iause

naataynrep adap iggnit roks ikilimem satimrofnok alaks adaP .4 vnu elbarofa

adap hadner roks kutnu ,ayntujnaleS .fislupmi nailebmep nakisakidnignem

naataynrep elbarofavnu nagnurednecek ikilimem kejbus nakisakidnignem

gnay hadner alaks adap ukalreb aguj tubesret laH .fislupmi nailebmep adap

rokS .satimrofnok iggnit gnay ap naataynrep ad elbarofavnu nakisakidnignem

kejbus gnay roks kutnu nakgnadeS .satimrofnok nagnurednecek ikilimem

.satimrofnok kadit gnurednec kejbus nakisakidnignem hadner

.F satilibaileR nad satidilaV

.1 satidilaV


72

satidilaV m kutnu nakanugrepid naitilenep malad huajes nakujnune

utaus anam ruku id naka gnay igolokisp tubirta rukugnem ruku tala

gid gnay satidilav ini naitilenep adaP .)4102 ,aynkitarpuS( halada nakanu

si satidilav ( ilha helo naijugnep adap nakrasadid gnay i )tnemgduj trepxe .

P utiay ini naitilenep ada .ispirks gnibmibmep nesod nakanugid isi satidilaV

ritub hakapa ijugnem kutnu - hadus rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gny ritub

.)9002 ,afatsuM( tubesret pesnok nakrabmaggnem upmam uata iauses

.2 metiA iskeleS

d naitilenep malad id metia iskeleS arac nagned nakukali nem ijug

metia kitsiretkarak naidumeK .nakijuid gnay set malad naigab idajnem

metia -ai set malad naktukiid kadit satilauk ihunemem kadit gnay met

.)9002 ,rawzA( tahilem halada gnitnepret gnay metia iskeles nakukaleM

deb ayaD .metia ispirksed ayad uata adeb ayad utaus anam huajes halada a

kejbus aratna naadebrep nakujnunem tapad gnay netsisnok gnay metia

.)9002 ,rawzA( rukuid gnay kepsa adap nagned metia isgnuf naiauseseK

isalerok neisifeok tahilem nagned udividni rukugnem kutnu alaks isgnuf

metia - latot r( xi .)

eB metia isalerok neisifeok aynras - 0 irad karegreb latot - 00,1

metia isanimirksed ayad kiab nikameS .fitagen uata fitisop adnat nagned

,aynkilabeS .00,1 akgna itakednem nikames aynisalerok neisifeok akam

at ikilimem gnay uata 0 akgna itakednem gnay neisifeok fitagen adn

.isanimirksed ayad ikilimem kadit tubesret metia awhab nakisakidnignem


82

r nasataB xi iagabes nakanugid aynasaib 03,0 ≥ metia nahilimep airetirk

metia isalerok nakrasadreb - isalerok neisifeok iapacnem gnay metiA .latot

aid aynadeb ayad 03,0 laminim gnay metia ,aynkilabeS .naksaumem paggn

r agrah ikilimem xi gnay metia iagabes nakataynid tapad 03,0 irad gnaruk

.)3102 ,rawzA( hadner adeb ayad ikilimem

gnay meti asatab fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek alaks adaP

roks ikilimem 03,0 ≤

5 lebaT metiA narabeS K alakS fislupmI nailebmeP nagnurednece eS halet metiA iskeleS

.oN kepsA metiA remoN halmuJ toboB elbarovaF elbarovafnU

.1 .2

fitingoK kepsA

fitkefA kepsA

1 , 4 ,42 ,12 ,61 ,41 ,72 ,03 , 63 .83 ,

,91 ,21 ,01 ,7 ,5 22 , ,82 13 ,33 , 93 .

3 1 ,11 ,8 ,6 , ,02 ,8 ,32 62 , 23 , 53 .

2 , 9 ,31 , 51 ,52 ,71 , ,92 43 , 73 , 04 .

21 11

2,25 % 8,74 %

latoT 32 %001 solol kadit gnay metia nakapurem labet katecret gnay akgna : nagnareteK

iju

satab satimrofnok alaks adaP irad hibel roks ikilimem gnay meti

akid ini laH .52,0 nagned iauses kadit solol gnay meti nakaner gnay halmuj

idajnem airetirk satab naknuruem itilenep nakidajnem uti laH .naknigniid

.)2102 ,rawzA( 52,0 ≤ rugug gnay kaynab metia satimrofnok alaks adaP

nakbabesid asib ses kadit gnay naajregnep helo ek nagned iu .naada ini laH

mteia anerak idajret nanikgnumek - nakrabmaggnem muleb ada gnay metia

.itiletid gnay kejbus naadaek nagned iauses muleb uata


92

6 lebaT metiA narabeS alakS satimrofnoK metiA iskeleS mulebeS

.oN kepsA metiA remoN halmuJ toboB elbarovaF rovafnU elba

.1 .2

fitamroN kepsA

fitamrofnI kepsA

,1 4 1 ,21 ,7 , 6 , 52 ,93 ,63 ,13 ,92 .

3 1 ,41 ,11 ,9 , 8 ,02 ,22 ,62 , 73 ,33 .

51 ,01 ,8 ,5 ,12 ,91 ,32 ,72 , 43 ,23

71 ,31 ,6 ,2 , 42 ,82 ,83 ,53 ,03 .04 ,

6

8

4 %9,2 1,75 %

latoT 14 %001 nay akgna : nagnareteK solol kadit gnay metia nakapurem labet katecret g

iju

.3 satilibaileR

nad isnetsisnok halada satilibailer irad nial atak uata minoniS

nakatakid rukugnep tala utaus ,aynitrA .)a8991 ,aynkitarpuS( satilibats

elbailer jeg utaus rukugnem malad uti ruku tala alib gnay utkaw adap ala

.)1102 ,noitusaN( amas gnay ruku lisah nakkujnunem asaitnanes nanialreb

gnay lanretni isnetsisnok natakednep nakanuggnem ini naitileneP

malad naigab ratna uata metia ratna isnetsisnok tahilem kutnu naujutreb

nay sumuR .)7002 ,rawzA( set isamitse iracnem kutnu nakanugid g

halada ini naitilenep malad lanretni isnetsisnok satilibailer )α( ahplA

.hcabnorC

adap fislupmI nailebmeP alakS ,nagnutihrep lisah nakrasadreB

neisifeok ikilimem ini naitilenep hcabnorC ahplA 0 rasebes 518, ini laH .

jnunem .lebailer tubesret fislupmI nailebmeP alakS awhab nakku

alakS nakgnadeS satimrofnok neisifeok ikilimem hcabnorC ahplA rasebes


03

,0 17 7 alakS awhab nakkujnunem tubesret neisifeok lisaH . satimrofnok

.lebailer tubesret

.G ataD sisilanA edoteM

.1 ismusA ijU

.a lamroN ijU sati

atad hakapa kecegnem kutnu nakukalid satilamron ijU

ulrep ini ijU .lamron aynnarabes gnay isalupop irad lasareb naitilenep

ikilimem kirtemarap kitsitats nagnutihrep aumes anerak nakukalid

kalid satilamron ijU .)0102 ,osotnaS( narabes satilamron ismusa naku

nagned vorogomoloK - .vonrimS tapad akam 50,0 > p uata .gis ialin akiJ

ijuid gnay atad itrareb gnay ,kalotid lagag lon sisetopih naklupmisid

atad uata ,lamron gnay atad irad adebreb kadit gnay isubirtsid ikilimem

S .lamron isubirtsid ikilimem ijuid gnay akam 50,0 < p akij ,aynkilabe

ijuid gnay atad itrareb gnay ,kalotid lon sisetopih naklupmisid tapad

gnay atad uata ,lamron gnay atad irad adebreb gnay isubirtsid ikilimem

.)0102 ,osotnaS( lamron kadit isubirtsid ikilimem ijuid

.b satiraeniL ijU

satiraenil ijU gnay lebairav ratna nagnubuh awhab nakataynem

uata natakgninep ,idaJ .surul sirag itukignem uti sisilanaid kadneh

helo raenil araces itukiid naka ,lebairav utas adap satitnauk nanurunep

nagneD .aynnial lebairav adap satitnauk nanurunep uata natakgninep

ak tahilem kutnu nakanugid satirenil iju awhab nakatakid tapad ,nial at

50,0 > p uata .ngis ialin akiJ .lebairav aud aratna nagnubuh nataukek


13

lebairav aud aratna nagnubuh uata raenil kadit nagnubuh tapadret akam

.)0102 ,osotnaS( hamel

.2 isetopiH ijU s

p sisilanA edotem nakanuggnem ini naitilene tnemoM tcudorP

nosraeP isalerok ijU . nosraeP tnemoM tcudorP nasala nagned nakanugid

aratna nagnubuh ada hakapa tahilem kutnu satimrofnok nad

gnay neisifeoK .ajamer adap fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek

ialinreb naklisahid - nagnubuh hakapa nakkujnunem gnay ,1+ aggnih 1

( fitagen uata fitisop tubesret 4102 ,rageriS akiJ .) akam 50,0 < )p( .gis ialin

H○ .lebairav aud aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh ada uata kalotid

ada kadit uata kalotid lagag 0H akam 50,0 > )p( .gis ialin akij ,aynkilabeS

.)9002 ,idardnehirT( lebairav aud aratna nakifingis gnay nagnubuh


23

VI BAB

P NASAHABME

.A naitileneP naanaskaleP

trakaygoY atalucammI airaM PMS id nakanaskalid naitileneP .a

PMS id naitilenep naanaskaleP ataucammI airaM laggnat adap nakanaskalid

6102 ieM 3 aggnih 6102 lirpA 62 .atalucammI airaM PMS id

.B naitileneP kejbuS ispirkseD

id gnay kejbuS ajamer halada ini naitilenep malad nakanug lawa ikal -

b naupmerep nad ikal 51 aggnih nuhat 21 aratna aisure buS halmuJ .nuhat kej

halada nahurulesek araces gnisam adap halmuj nagned gnaro - asam gnisam

,ajamer

7 lebaT naitileneP kejbuS aisU ataD

aisU halmuJ nuhat 21 nuhat 31 nuhat 41 nuhat 51

5 54 25 8

latoT 011

8 lebaT naitileneP kejbuS nimaleK sineJ ataD

nimaleK sineJ halmuJ ikaL - ikal

naupmereP 55 gnaro 55 gnaro

latoT gnaro 011


33

.C naitileneP ataD ispirkseD

aratna nagnidnabrep nakukalem itileneP naem nad kitiroet naem

adap siripme gnay lisaH .fislupmi nailebmep nagned satimrofnok lebairav

: halada ini naitilenep irad helorepid

9 lebaT E naeM nad kitiroeT naeM ijU siripm

lebairaV kitiroeT naeM siripmE naeM

.niM .kaM naeM DS .niM .kaM naeM DS

eK nagnurednec nailebmeP

fislupmI 32 29 5,75 1 5,1 33 27 59,25 4,7

satimrofnoK 41 65 53 7 02 64 3 92,4 8,4

adap kitiroet naeM .naitilenep atad ispirksed nakujnunem 9 lebaT

siripme naem nakgnades 5,75 rasebes fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek

islupmi nailebmep gnay iggnitret ialiN .4,7 rasebes DS nagned 59,25 halada f

hadneret ialin nad 27 halada fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek irad helorepid

,53 halada kitiroet naem satimrofnok lebairav kutnu naidumeK .33 rasebes

92,43 halada satimrofnok siripme naem nakgnades ialiN .8,4 DS nagned

.02 rasebes hadneret ialin nad 64 halada satimrofnok irad iggnitret


43

01 lebaT ijU elpmaS enO t- tseT satimrofnoK

enO - tseT elpmaS

13 = eulaV tseT

t fd 2( .giS -)deliat

naeMecnereffiD

noC %59 lavretnI ecnedifecnereffiD eht fo

rewoL reppU

satimrofnok 190.7 901 000. 192.3 73.2 12.4

naijugnep lisaH lepmaS enO t- tseT v halada satimrofnok lebaira

isakifingis ialin nakujnunem tapadret nakujnunem gnay 000,0 rasebes

akifingis gnay naadebrep naem aratna n P .siripme naem nagned kitiroet ada

raseb hibel satimrofnok irad siripme naem awhab tahilid tapad 9 lebat

nakgnidnabid i laH .)92,43>53( kitiroet naem kejbus awhab nakujnunem in

isidnok adap isnakifingis naadebrep nakujnunem ini lah naitilenep

.hadner fitaler gnay satimrofnok

11 lebaT ijU lisaH elpmaS enO t- tseT fislupmi nailebmeP nagnuredneceK

enO - tseT elpmaS

5.75 = eulaV tseT

t fd 2( .giS -)deliat

naeMecnereffiD

fo lavretnI ecnedifnoC %59ecnereffiD eht

rewoL reppU

fislupmigniyub

- 273.6 901 000. - 555.4 - 79.5 - 41.3

fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK lebairaV ialin nakujnunem

gnay naadebrep tapadret nakujnunem gnay 000,0 rasebes giS .pmysA


53

adaP .siripme naem nagned kitiroet naem aratna nakifingis tapad 9 lebat

hibel fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek irad kitiroet naem awhab tahilid

m nakgnidnabid raseb ni laH .)9,25>5,75( siripme nae awhab nakujnunem i

isidnok adap isnakifingis naadebrep nakujnunem ini lah naitilenep kejbus

pmi nailebmep nagnurednecek .hadner gnay fislu

.D naitilenep lisaH

.1 ismusA ijU

.a satilamroN ijU

sisilana lisah nakrasadreB vorogomloK - vonrimS nakanuggnem

swodniW roF 0.61 SSPS n helorepid , iali p kutnu alaks

,0 rasebes fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek 000 . aneraK alin i

s lebairav isnakifingi licek hibel ,0 irad 50 naklupmisid tapad akam

fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek lebairav adap atad awhab

isubirtsidreb kadit .lamron alaks nagned aynlah amaS satimrofnok

p ialin ikilimem gnay ,0 rasebes 00 5 , awhab naklupmisid tapad akam

lebairav adap atad ok satimrofn ikilimem isubirtsid gnay kadit .lamron

21 lebaT silanA ijU vorogomloK - vonrimS

vorogomloK - vonrimS a oripahS - kliW sitatS

cit fd .giS citsitatS fd .giS

satimrofnok 501. 011 500. 079. 011 310. gniyub fislupmi 321. 011 000. 579. 011 830.


63

.b niL ijU satirae

ifingis ialin nakkujnunem satiraenil iju lisaH adap isnak

,0 rasebes ytiraeniL 653 50,0 irad raseb hibel isnakifingis aneraK .

nagnurednecek lebairav aratna awhab naklupmisid tapad akam

islupmi nailebmep t saimrofnok agned gnay nagnubuh tapadret kadi

l .raeni

31 lebaT satiraeniL ijU lisaH

F .giS * fislupmi.p.k

satimrofnok )denibmoC( 343.1 251.

ytiraeniL 068. 653. ytiraeniL morf noitaiveD 063.1 541.

.2 sisetopiH ijU

isalerok naijugnep anaknuggnem sisetopih naijugnep naitilenep adaP

ohr namraepS eoK . isalerok neisif hR namraepS )xr( o atad alibapa nakanugid

gnihes lamron isubirtsidreb kadit kirtemarap non iju nakulrepid ag ,rageriS(

tileneP .)3102 m lamron isubirtsidreb kadit lebairav utas halas adap ini nai aka

isalerok anaknuggnem nakukalid sisetopih iju ohr namraepS .

isalerok neisifeok lisah nakrasadreB ohr namraeps nakanuggnem

isalerokreb satimrofnok elbairav awhab nakujnunem 0.61 SSPS margorp

fitagen kadit numan fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek nagned nakifingis

=r ,011=N( - p ,360,0 0 ni laH .)50,0>652, t awhab nakujnunem i ada kadi

.lebairav audek aratna isalerokreb nagnubuh


73

.3 eP nasahabm

jnunem naitilenep lisaH nakku awhab na nagnubuh nagnurednecek arat

airaM PMS id lawa ajamer adap satimrofnok nagned fislupmi nailebmep

atrakaygoY atalucammI nakifingis kadit nalajes kadit ini naitilenep lisaH .

awhab nakataynem gnay )0102 ,R.A ,irasatsA( kcolG naitilenep nagned

padahret satimrofnok helo ihuragnepid udividni nailebmep ukalirep

akitek fislupmi nailebmep nakukalem gnurednec naka udividnI .aynkopmolek

gned amasreb .aynkopmolek na isamreted neisifeok gnabmuynem satimrofnoK

fislupmi nailebmep %7,99 ada nakujnunem ini laH .%693,0 rasebes

satimrofnok raulid nial rotkaf helo gnabmusid .

d ayntujnaleS hisam ini naitilenep adap kejbus aumes awhab iuhateki

.iduts hupmenem keS napudihek malad saul narep kaynab ikilimem halo

pakis nakutnebmep idajret halokes nakididnep malad iD .)9002( nagnureG -

naidumeK .retkarak nagnabmegnep ,irid nagnabmegnep ,naasaibek ,pakis

b idajnem keybus naktabilem gnusgnal kadit araces halokes nagnukgnil naiga

satimrofnok nakidajnem tubesret laH .iduts hupmenem taas nagnukgnil irad

nakididnep rotkaf ihuragnepid aguj fislupmi nailebmep nagnurednecek nad

atalucammI airaM PMS isim nagned nalajes tubesret laH .kejbus nagnukgnil

pmadnep margorp nakirebmem kutnu nakagnabmegnem kutnu nagni

.lautirps nad lanoisome ,lautkeletni nasadrecek

.fislupmi nailebmep ihuragnepmem tagnas laisnanif nataukek rotkaF

ini laH .imonoke araces iridnam muleb raseb naigabes lawa ajameR

t gnaro helo gnuggnatid hisam ajamer nakanerakid .pudih nahutubek kutnu au


83

ikilimem aut gnaro imonoke sutats )5102( ododiW naitilenep turuneM

imonoke laisoS .fislupmi nailebmep nagned nakifingis gnay nagnubuh adap

.kana padahret ukas gnau nairebmep adap kapmad nakirebmem aut gnaro

ilenep keybus nakgnadeS atar nait - atar pR ukas gnau tapadnem rep 00.283.01

.irah imonoke nasabebek ikilimem kadit keybus nakujnunem tubesret laH

.naknigniid gnay gnarab ilebmem kutnu

fislupmi nailebmep malad udividni nakbabeynem gnay nial rotkaF

.naokotrep isakol halada ini laH em gnay naitilenep helo gnukudid nakatayn

nil awhab okot nagnukg okot tamrof nad okot niased ,okot naruku ,

( fislupmi nailebmep ihuragnepmem .)0002 rebaF dna naoY adap nakgnadeS

satifitka nakukalem malad isatabid kejbus halokes id taas naitilenep kejbus

lauj kutnu nitnak utas nakaideynem aynah halokes nakanerakid ini laH .ileb

.halokes id iskasnart nakukalem kejbus aguj kejbus nanikgnumek naidumeK

,irid nailadnegnep ikilimem noitcaer sserts tural kadit atres fitisop gnay

.irid namalagnep malad

P aguj itilene nahilimep natapetkaditek aynada nanikgnumek agudnem

.pesnok nakukalem kadit itilenep nakanerakid ini laH yduts yranimil erp kutnu

isalupop adap kadit uata ukalreb hakapa nakanugid gnay iroet isamrifnokgnem

itiletid gnay kejbus jret nakbabeynem tubesret laH aynida rorre lacitiroeht

rore babeynep utas halas nakapurem gnay . aidumeK n alaks agudnem itilenep

.itiletid naka gnay kejbus naadaek nagned iauses kadit taubid gnay metia


93

V BAB

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

ujnuem ini naitilenep irad lisah nakrasadreB nagnubuh ada kadit nak

airaM PMS id lawa ajamer adap fislupmi nailebmep nad satimrofnok aratna

.atalucammI nakanuggnem ohr namraeps isalerok neisifeok lisah nakrasadreB

isalerokreb satimrofnok elbairav awhab nakujnunem 0.61 SSPS margorp

ecek nagned fitagen =r ,011=N( fislupmi nailebmep nagnuredn - p ,360,0

isalerokreb nagnubuh ada kadit awhab nakujnunem ini laH .)50,0>652,0

.lebairav audek aratna

.B naraS

.1 kutnu nial itilenep igap aynkiabes naitilinep sesorp nakrasadreB

nakukalem .yduts iranimil erp id ini laH hilimem asib ayapus nakukal

.kejbus naadaek nagned iauses gnay pesnok

.2 metia taubmem kutnu naknaraynem itileneP - iauses gnay alaks metia

.kejbus naadaek nagned


04

katsuP ratfaD a

.)3991( lasiaF fifA .nalaujneP igolokisP ASAKGNA : gnudnaB

halurimA .)8991( nemusnoK ukalireP umlI aharG : atrakaygoY .

)2991( .yrneH ,leassA ht4 noitcA gnitekraM dna roivaheB remusnoC . : notsoBSWP - noitacilbuP tneK

.)0102( A ,garhaS & ,R.A ,irasatsA ukalirep nagne satimrofnok aratna nagnubuH

.irtup ajamer adap fisupmi ilebmem Y igolokisP satlukaF .atrakaygoaladnaM asgnaW satisrevinU

.)7002( .S ,rawzA .satidilaV nad satilibaileR .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY

.)9002( .S ,rawzA naitileneP edoteM .rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

.)3102( .S ,rawzA igolokisP alakS nanusuyneP .)II isidE( akatsuP:atrakaygoY.rajaleP

: atrakaJ .2 diliJ/01 isidE laisos igolokisP .)0002( .D ,enryB& ,.AR ,noraBaggnalrE

.soroB hibeL gnuredneC nameT nagned ajnaleB :ievruS .)6102( utaSatireB irad 5102 rebmevoN 61 hudnuiD ayag/moc.utasatireb.m//:ptth -

804472/pudih - ievrus - ajnaleb - nagne - namet - gnurednec - hibel - moc.sorob

0102( .SPB kududneP halmuJ .) aisenodnI . 102 rebotkO 2 laggnat hudnuiD 4 ./di.og.spb.0102ps

hudnuiD .fislupmI nikaM aisenodnI naajnalebmeP .)inuJ 12 ,1102( ijtuS ,ayliceD irad 4102 ieM 31

ajnalebmeP/562242090/12/60/1102/swen/daer/moc.opmet.www//:pthh -aisenodnI - nikaM - filupmI moc.

.)9002( .G ,tsieF & .J ,stieF ..)de ht7( ytilanosrep fo seiroehT werGcM :kroY weN -.lliH

.)9002( .A.W ,nagnureG laisoS igolokisP .amatidA akifeR TP :gnudnaB .

.aynnlaisoS nagnukgniL nad ajameR .)9991( luruN ,initraH lanruJ aminA .igolokisP 67 , oN ,5 loV - 28


14

V ,.G .A ,idabareH neknalpre noitpmusnoC .)9002(.V .A ,grebneppinK & ,.B ,I fo ecneirepxE

......... citsinodeH dna lasuorA lanoitomE :aisenodnI ni gniyuB eslupmsnoitaredisnoC . ygolohcysP laicoS fo lanruoJ naisA 02 ,21 , – .13

C no erutluC fo ecneulfnI ehT .)2002( .A .J eeL & .J .J necaK evislupmI remusno .roivaheB gniyuB 361 ,)2(21 ,ygolohcysP remusnoC fo lanruoJ - .671

.)3002( .rutnuoK siseT nad ispirkS nasiluneP kutnu naitileneP edoteM :atrakaJ ..MPP tibreneP

kudorP ismusnoK rotkaF : ajameR nauA kopmoleK .)9002( ekieM ,itawainruKppuS ooF .tnemel .loV .isasinagrO irtsudnI igolokisP aimlI anruJ sisenorP

35 ,1 oN .11 - 46

.)7991( diysoR & aniL adap lortnoc fo sucol nakrasadreb fitmusnok ukalireP.ajamer 6 ,7991 II nht 4 oN igolokisP lanruJ - satisrevinU :atrakaygoY 8

adaM hajaG

eonK ,.J.F ,sknöM H & ,.P.M.A ,sr 4991( .R.S ,onotida .) :nagnabmekreP igolokisP.aynnaigab iagabreb malad ratnagneP ytisrevinU adaM hajdaG :atrakaygoY

.sserP

oM abmelaS : atrakaJ .2 diliJ nemusnoK ukalireP .)2002( .M ,roniM .c.J ,newtapmE

gnahS ivaR ,takahB & G ,mahtnanaguruM .3102 ,rak fislupmI fo weiveR A.roivaheB gniyuB seidutS gnitekraM fo lanruoJ lanoitanretnI 3 oN .5 .loV .

laisoS igolokisP .)2102( divaD ,G seryM aggnalrE : atrakaJ .

.)4102( hayiliwA ,irasayamruN nad satimrofnoK ,tiart ytilanosrep huragneP ifargome rotkaF atoK iD llaM gnujnugneP gniyuB fislupmI padahreT

.rogoB .atrakaJ hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU .ispirkS

.)7991( akigolokisP ,atinaW fitmusnoK ukalireP 3 ,II nuhaT 4 romoN - .4

.eslupmI gniyuB ehT .)7891( .W .D ,kooR eR remusnoC fo lanruoJ ehT ,hcraes41 .loV 981 ,2 .oN , - .991

)3991( .R .leahiM ,nomolaS nda gnivah ,gniyub : roivaheB remusnoC.gnieb nocaB & nyllA : notsoB


24

otnaS s .)0102( .A ,a .igolokisP kutnU kitsitatS atanaS satisrevinU : atrakaygoYamrahD

.)2002( .W .J ,kcortnaS efiL - mpoleveD napS ,tne tibreneP :atrakaJ .II diliJ ,5 isidE.aggnalrE

.)7002( .W.J ,kcortnaS ajameR .aggnalrE tibreneP :atrakaJ .salebesek iside ,

.)2102( .W.J ,kcortnaS ,pudih asam nagnabmekreP iliJ ,salebagitek iside .I daggnalrE tibreneP :atrakaJ

.)3102( .naifoyS ,higaraS nagned ipakgneliD ifatitnaeK naitileneP edoteMSSPS & launaM nagnutihreP nagnidnabreP . aidemadanerP anacneK :atrakaJ

.puorG

9891( .W otilraS ,onowraS .) ajameR igolokisP :atrakaJ . .ilawajaR

.)9002( nawariW otilraS ,onowraS .laisoS igolokisP bmelaS : atrakaJ akinamuH a

.)8991( .A ,aynkitarpuS IRTEMOKISP nad natibreneP tasuP :atrakaygoY . atanaS satisrevinU igolokisP satlukaF rajaleB rebmuS nagnabmegneP

.amrahD

.)8991( .A ,aynkitarpuS .seT iskurtsnoK isakilpA nagnacnaR keyorP :atrakaygoYmrahD atanaS satisrevinU .a

.aduM kanA isaerK gnajA ,edaraP ehT .)1102( .huM ,hallufiaySeht/28227380/01/81/21/1102/swen/aer/oc.opmet.m//:ptth - earap - gnaja -

isaerk - kana - moc.adum

.)1002( .R ,nanubmaT .fitmusnok ukalirep nad ajameR e.www//.ptth -101191/ajamer/moc.igolokisp

,idardnehirT .)9002( .suilenroC .kitsitatS ataD sisilanA 61 SSPS petS yb petS .IDNA tibreneP :atrakaygoY

A ,idabareH & .B ,neknalpreV . gniyuB eslupmI ni secnereffiD laudividnI .)1002(.gniknihT on dna gnileeF :ycnedneT .ruE ytilanosreP fo lanruoJ naeporuE

.J :51 .sreP 17S - .38S

sedutittA dna msirtneconhtE remusnoC .)0002( .K ,thgirW & .J .J ,nostaW .stcudorP ngieroF dna citsemoD drawoT ,gnitekraM fo lanruoJ naeporuE

3 .loV gnihsilbuP dlaremE 81 :)01/9( 4


34

.5102 .inotnA ,ododiW gneD autgnarO imonokE laisoS sutats nagnubuH na .fitmusnoK ukalireP hallutayadiH firayS iregeN malsI satisrevinU .ispirkS

atrakaJ

.)0002( .J.R ,rebaF & S ,naoY na stiart ytilanosrep ot noitaler stI : gniyub eslupmI ,72 ,hreseR remusnoC ni ecnanA .seuc 971 - .581


44

ARIPMAL N


54

1 naripmaL

alakS oC ijU ab


64

NAITILENEP ALAKS

rihkA saguT naiaseleyneP kutnU nakanugiD

: helo nususiD

yratnaiV atcO

)760411901(

IGOLOKISP SATLUKAF


ATRAKAYGOY

102 6


74

,atrakaygoY 6102 iraunaJ

: adapeK

isapisitrapreb gnay araduaS .htY

roh nagneD : ayas ,tam

amaN : yratnaiV atcO

satlukaF igolokisP :

satisrevinU amrahD atanaS : atrakaygoY

gnuggnat nakiaseleynem kutnu ,rihka sagut nanusuynep akgnar malaD

naaidesek nad nautnab nohomem ayas akaM .awsisaham iagabes ayas bawaj

nakirebmem kutnu araduaS nusus ayas halet gnay naataynrep padahret napaggnat

.aynnaaisaharek agajret naka nakireb araduaS gnay napaggnaT .ini alaks malad

naadaek nagned iauses bawajnem kutnu nohomid araduaS ,uti anerak helO

.aynranebes gnay araduaS

hisak amiret nakpacugnem ayaS kutnu araduaS naaidesek sata

ini ayas naitilenep malad isapisitrapreb .

ayaS tamroH ,

yratnaiV atcO


84

AD SATITNEDI AT

laisinI :

aisU :

nimaleK sineJ :

irahrep ukas gnaU :


94

ALAKS I

NAAJREGNEP KUJNUTEP

tapadret ini tukireB 23 halacab ,naataynrep naataynrep paites imahap nad

adnat halireB .amaskes nagned ada gnay gnalis (X) gnay katok nahilip maladid

: utiay ,aidesret

SS tubesret naataynrep aliB : ”IAUSES TAGNAS“ adnA irid nagned

S tubesret naataynrep aliB : ”IAUSES“ adnA irid nagned

ST nrep aliB : tubesret naatay ”IAUSES KADIT“ adnA irid nagned

STS tubesret naataynrep aliB: ”IAUSES KADIT TAGNAS“ adnA irid nagned

malaD .iridnes adnA nabawaj sata nahilip nakutnenem kutnu sabeb adnA

ini lah halas uata raneb nabawaj ada kadit gnay adnA nabawaj anerak ,

gnisam adnA irid naknimrecnem - .gnisam

: naisigneP arac hotnoC

naataynreP SS S ST STS

ayaS ajnalebreb rameg X

adnat irebmem nad nabawaj hilimem urilek adnA akiteK lis gna (X) akam ,

adnat irebmem nad nabawaj nahilip itnaggnem tapad adnA lis gna (X) adap nahilip

: iauses hibel gnay nabawaj

: iskerok hotnoC


05


ayaS ajnalebreb rameg X X

I alakS

! nakajregneM tamaleS .naktawelret gnay nabawaj ada kadit nakitsaP

.oN naataynreP SS S ST STS

.1 S namet gnay apa itukigmem aya - ayas namet

i naklicukid kadit ayapus naknign .

.2 natatac ukub id sagut tatacnem ulales ayaS

.ayas idabirp

.3

tahilem uata ilebmem gnusgnal naka ayaS

helo sugab nakisadnemoker id gnay gnarab

.ayas namet

.4

ayas ,ujab ilebmem naka nigni ayas akiteK

hilimem dnert nagned iauses ujab ilebmem

.gnarakes

.5 id ayas naupmamek nakkujnunem inareb ayaS

.salek naped

.6 S gnay gnarab ilebmem gnaraj aya

.ayas namet helo nakisadnemokerid


15

.7 nagned lah iagabreb malad amas surah ayaS

namet - .ayas namet

8. gnay namet nagned barka hadum asarem ayaS

.lanek ayas ajas urab

.9 S tabahas naatakrep nagned ayacrep ulales aya

.ayas

.01 ayas gnay ayag nagned iauses naiakapreb ayaS

.naknigni

11 . ayas nalipmanepreb ayag habugnem naka ayaS

s nagned iauses .ayas kopmolek irad nara

21 . helo amiretid akij gnanes asarem ayaS

namet kopmolek - .ayas namet

31 . iagabes nakanugrep ayas ,tabahas irad naraS

halasam ada ayas taas nagnabmitrep

41 . asib gnay gnaro halada ayas kopmoleK

.ayas aisahar agajnem

51 . halokes id kiab nataigek itukignem ayaS

.naknigni ayas gnay iauses hamurid nupuam

61 . S gnarab ikilimem aya - amas gnay gnarab


25

.ayas takedret namet nagned

71 . nametreb nad nalanekreb gnanes asarem ayaS

.gnaro kaynab nagned

81 . S em aya tagnas kopmolek tapadnep asar

.ayas igab huragnepreb

91 . ratikes id naadaek nakrikimem gnaraj ayaS

.ayas

02 . gnatnet uhat gnay gnaro halada ayas tabahaS

.lah alages

12 . kadit dnert gnades gnay gnarab asarem ayaS

.ikilim ayas surah ulales

22 . tahruc gnires ayas halasam ada gnades taaS

..ayas namet nagned

32 . .namet kaynab ikilimem ayaS

42 . id ayas tapadnep nakpakgnugnem inareb ayaS

.salek malad

52 . asarem ayas ,ayas namet nagned umetreb taaS

.apaynem surah

62 . S mem aya adap gnutnagreb halasam naksutu


35

.ayas kopmolek irad naras

72 . .nairidnes nalajreb akitek namayn asarem ayaS

82 . irid maidreb gnurednec ayas ,halasam ada taaS

.halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu ramak id

92 . namet itrepes ukalirepreb ayaS - yas namet a

.nakukal

03 . raneb halada nakukal ayas gnay asarem ayas

.nial gnaro tapadnep nakiludrepmem apnat

13 . namet adat akitek namayn gnaruk asarem ayaS

.ayas nakiabagnem gnay

23 . ayas gnay lah nakukalem namayn asarem ayaS

.naknigni

.33 ayaS gnay atireb gnatnet nakaynanem ulales

gnades etadpu .ayas tabahas nagned halokes id

.43 nadab kutneb nagned irid ayacrep asarem ayaS

.gnarakes ikilim ayas gnay

.53 halokes id kiab nataigek kaynab ikilimem ayaS

hamur id nupuam

.63 asarem ayaS asib ayas akitek gnanes


45

namet itah nakgnaneynem - .ayas namet

.73 hamur naajrekep gnatnet aynatreb gnires ayaS

.ayas namet adapek )RP(

.83 ayas gnay pisog irad naranebek iracnem ayaS

.ayas namet irad tapad

.93 halada ayas namet asarem ayaS utas halas

.gnarakes ayas pudih igab gnitnep gnay gnaro

.04 iagabreb irad isamrofni kaynab tapadnem ayaS

.rebmus

)II alakS adap naataynrep halisi nad ayntujnales namalah ek kilabid nakhalis(


55

II ALAKS

aktawelret gnay nabawaj ada kadit nakitsaP ! nakajregneM tamaleS .n


.1

S kutnu tapec nagned naksutumem aya

ayas gnay gnarab tahilem ayas taas ilebmem

akus .

.2 satilauk ikilimem ileb ayas gnay gnaraB

.sugab gnay

.3 nagned iauses gnarab ilebmem ayaS

ayas nahutubek .

.4 gnay gnarab ilebmem gnusgnal ayaS

.ayas namet nakrawatid .

.5 ilebmem gnires ayas ,iradas ayas apnaT

.ayas igab anugreb gnaruk gnay gnarab

.6 S ikilimem gnay gnarab ilebmem naka aya

.ayas nagned iauses gnay isgnuf

.7 ka ayas naasareP akitekes gnanes idajnem na

.akus ayas gnay gnarab ilebmem nad tahilem


65

.8 S nigni taas nanigniek nahanem asib aya

gnarab ilebmem .

.9 S ilebmem haletes laseynem kadit aya

.gnarab

.01 K ayas naasarep gnarab ilebmem akite

.gnanes idajnem habureb

11 . igab anugreb gnay gnarab ilebmem ayaS

.ayas

21 . gnay kaynab ileb ayas gnay gnaraB

.kiab gnaruk aynsatilauk

31 .

S nagned iauses kudorp ilebmem aya

itah nakganeynem aynah nakub nahutubek

..ayas

41 . ..ayas itah akuses gnarab ilebmem ayaS

51 . S ayas gnay gnarab nagned saup asarem aya

.ileb

61 . gnaraj ayas ,gnarab ilebmem ayas taaS

.uluhad hibelret aynnaanugek nakrikimem

71 . S gnanes anerak nakub gnarab ilebmem aya


75

.ayntahilem taas

81 . S ka taas nahab nagnudnek tahilem aya na

.nasamek nanakam ilebmem

91 . S gnay gnarab ilebmem akitek gnanes aya

.akus ayas

02 . atnimem ayas ,gnarab ilebmem mulebeS

.aut gnaro adap nagnabmitrep

12 . gnay gnarab ilebmem gnusgnal araces ayaS

.ayas itah kiranem

22 . ynem asarem ayaS gnay gnarab ilebmem lase

.ayas igab taafnamreb gnaruk ataynret

32 . S ilebmem mulebes nakanacnerem ulales aya

gnarab .

42 . S gnades gnay gnarab ilebmem gnusgnal aya

dnert .ini taas .

52 . igab anugreb aumes ikilim ayas gnay gnaraB

.ayas

62 . S nad isamrofni iracnem ulales aya

nigni gnay gnarab satilauk nakgnidnabmem


85

.ileb ayas

72 . ada taas gnarab ilebmem gnusgnal ayaS

.noksid nupuata omorp

82 . gnay sativitka halada ajnaleb ,ayas igaB

..nakgnaneynem tagnas

92 . yas gnay gnarab aumeS ikilemem ikilim a

.ayas irid igab anugreb gnay isgnuf

03 .

S aynatreb apnat ilebmem naksutumem aya

gnarab gnatntet nial gnaro tapadnep

..tubesret

13 .

ubeggnem asarem araS - tahilem taas ubeg

areges nigni nad racni ayas gnay gnarab

.aynilebmem

23 . ayas gnay gnarab ilebmem sukof ayaS

.nakanacner

.33 gnarab ilebmem taas gnanes asarem ayaS

gnades gnay dnert .ini taas

.43 ilebmem sativitka halada ajnaleb ,ayas igaB

.pudih nahutubek


95

.53 paites agrah nakgnidnabmem ulales ayaS

gnay gnarab .ileb ayas

.63 gnaraj nasamek nanakam ilebmem ayaS

.aynmalad id nagnudak tahilem

.73 kadit akij nakhalasamrepmem kadit ayaS

.naknigni ayas gnay gnarab ilebmem

.83 raul id gnarab ilebmem gnires ayaS

.ayas naanacnerep

.93 s laseynem ayaS kutnu sibah ayas gnau taa

.naknigni ayas gnay gnarab ajnaleb

.04

kadit ayas ualaw aigahab patet ayaS

nalaj taas ajnalebreb - nupuata llaM ek nalaj

.ortsid

askireP hal nabawaj ilabmek adnA ..

..aynisapisitrap kutnu hisakamireT

itakrebmeM nahuT


06

naripmaL 2

alakS naitileneP


16

NAITILENEP ALAKS rihkA saguT naiaseleyneP kutnU nakanugiD

: helo nususiD

yratnaiV atcO

)760411901(

IGOLOKISP SATLUKAF


ATRAKAYGOY

6102


26

6102 iraunaJ ,atrakaygoY

: adapeK

nay araduaS .htY isapisitrapreb g

: ayas ,tamroh nagneD

amaN yratnaiV atcO :

satlukaF igolokisP :

satisrevinU atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS :

gnuggnat nakiaseleynem kutnu ,rihka sagut nanusuynep akgnar malaD

idesek nad nautnab nohomem ayas akaM .awsisaham iagabes ayas bawaj naa

nusus ayas halet gnay naataynrep padahret napaggnat nakirebmem kutnu araduaS

.aynnaaisaharek agajret naka nakireb araduaS gnay napaggnaT .ini alaks malad

naadaek nagned iauses bawajnem kutnu nohomid araduaS ,uti anerak helO

.aynranebes gnay araduaS

aS kutnu araduaS naaidesek sata hisak amiret nakpacugnem ay

.ini ayas naitilenep malad isapisitrapreb

,ayaS tamroH

yratnaiV atcO


36

SATITNEDI ATAD

laisinI :

aisU :

nimaleK sineJ :

irahrep ukas gnaU :


46

NAAJREGNEP KUJNUTEP

2 NAD 1 ALAKS

t ini tukireB naataynrep paites imahap nad halacab ,naataynrep 04 tapadre

gnalis adnat halireB .amaskes nagned ada gnay (X) gnay katok nahilip maladid

: utiay ,aidesret

SS tubesret naataynrep aliB : ”IAUSES TAGNAS“ adnA irid nagned

S tubesret naataynrep aliB : ”IAUSES“ adnA irid nagned

ST tubesret naataynrep aliB : ”IAUSES KADIT“ adnA irid nagned

STS tubesret naataynrep aliB: ”IAUSES KADIT TAGNAS“ adnA irid nagned

malaD .iridnes adnA nabawaj sata nahilip nakutnenem kutnu sabeb adnA

ini lah s uata raneb nabawaj ada kadit hala gnay adnA nabawaj anerak ,

gnisam adnA irid naknimrecnem - .gnisam

: naisigneP arac hotnoC


ajnalebreb rameg ayaS X

gnalis adnat irebmem nad nabawaj hilimem urilek adnA akiteK (X) akam ,

nad nabawaj nahilip itnaggnem tapad adnA gnalis adnat irebmem (X) nahilip adap

: iauses hibel gnay nabawaj

: iskerok hotnoC


ajnalebreb rameg ayaS X X


56

I ALAKS

! nakajregneM tamaleS .naktawelret gnay nabawaj ada kadit nakitsaP


.1 kigmem ayaS namet gnay apa itu - ayas namet

.naklicukid kadit ayapus naknigni

.2 namet nagned lah iagabreb malad amas surah ayaS -

.ayas namet

.3 .ayas tabahas naatakrep nagned ayacrep ulales ayaS

.4 ayas nalipmanepreb ayag habugnem naka ayaS

nagned iauses .ayas kopmolek irad naras

.5 kopmolek helo amiretid akij gnanes asarem ayaS

namet - .ayas namet

.6 agajnem asib gnay gnaro halada ayas kopmoleK

.ayas aisahar

.7 .ayas ratikes id naadaek nakrikimem gnaraj ayaS

.8 gnaro halada ayas tabahaS alages gnatnet uhat gnay

.lah

.9 ulales kadit dnert gnades gnay gnarab asarem ayaS

.ikilim ayas surah


66

.01 naras adap gnutnagreb halasam naksutumem ayaS

.ayas kopmolek irad

.11 .nairidnes nalajreb akitek namayn asarem ayaS

.21 ada taaS id irid maidreb gnurednec ayas ,halasam

.halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu ramak

.31 apnat raneb halada nakukal ayas gnay asarem ayaS

.nial gnaro tapadnep nakiludrepmem

.41 iagabreb irad isamrofni kaynab tapadnem ayaS

.rebmus


76

II ALAKS

nakitsaP ! nakajregneM tamaleS .naktawelret gnay nabawaj ada kadit


.1 gnay gnarab ilebmem gnires ayas ,iradas ayas apnaT

.ayas igab anugreb gnaruk

.2 isgnuf ikilimem gnay gnarab ilebmem naka ayaS

.ayas nagned iauses gnay

.3 eP tahilem akitekes gnanes idajnem naka ayas naasar

.akus ayas gnay gnarab ilebmem nad

.4 ilebmem nigni taas nanigniek nahanem asib ayaS

gnarab .

.5 habureb ayas naasarep gnarab ilebmem akiteK

.gnanes idajnem

.6 anugreb gnay gnarab ilebmem ayaS .ayas igab

.7 aynsatilauk gnay kaynab ileb ayas gnay gnaraB

.kiab gnaruk

.8 nahutubek nagned iauses kudorp ilebmem ayaS

..ayas itah nakganeynem aynah nakub


86

.9 ..ayas itah akuses gnarab ilebmem ayaS

01 raj ayas ,gnarab ilebmem ayas taaS nakrikimem gna

.uluhad hibelret aynnaanugek

.11 taas gnanes anerak nakub gnarab ilebmem ayaS

.ayntahilem

21 ilebmem naka taas nahab nagnudnek tahilem ayaS

.nasamek nanakam

.31 .akus ayas gnay gnarab ilebmem akitek gnanes ayaS

41 mulebeS atnimem ayas ,gnarab ilebmem

.aut gnaro adap nagnabmitrep

.51 kiranem gnay gnarab ilebmem gnusgnal araces ayaS

.ayas itah

.61 .gnarab ilebmem mulebes nakanacnerem ulales ayaS

.71 gnades gnay gnarab ilebmem gnusgnal ayaS dnert

..ini taas

.81 .ayas igab anugreb aumes ikilim ayas gnay gnaraB

.91 tagnas gnay sativitka halada ajnaleb ,ayas igaB

.ayas itah nakgnaneynem


96

.02 gnay isgnuf ikilemem ikilim ayas gnay gnarab aumeS

.ayas irid igab anugreb

.12 nat ilebmem naksutumem ayaS tapadnep aynatreb ap

..tubesret gnarab gnatntet nial gnaro

.22 gnay gnarab ilebmem taas gnanes asarem ayaS

gnades dnert .ini taas

.32 naanacnerep raul id gnarab ilebmem gnires ayaS

.ayas

..adnA nabawaj ilabmek halaskireP

p kutnu hisakamireT ..aynisapisitra

itakrebmeM nahuT


07

3 naripmaL satilibilaeR

alakS satimrofnoK


17

.1 alakS satilibilaeR satimrofnoK metiA iskeleS mulebeS

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

s'hcabnorCahplA

fo NsmetI

717. 04

metI - scitsitatS latoT elacS

fi naeM metIdeteleD

elacS fi ecnairaVdeteleD metI

detcerroCmetI - latoT

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC metI fi ahplA

deteleD

10000RAV 50.09 252.07 715. 196. 20000RAV 05.09 574.58 - 964. 847. 30000RAV 73.09 072.67 512. 217. 40000RAV 27.98 803.67 361. 517. 50000RAV 54.09 102.77 61. 9 417. 60000RAV 07.09 010.67 032. 117. 70000RAV 04.09 442.27 224. 996. 80000RAV 85.09 758.67 761. 417. 90000RAV 07.98 864.17 245. 396. 01000RAV 86.09 267.87 - 010. 427. 11000RAV 23.09 933.17 975. 296. 21000RAV 01.98 643.57 282. 807. 31000RAV 54.09 8 783.0 - 221. 137. 41000RAV 27.98 880.37 723. 407. 51000RAV 38.09 263.97 - 940. 527. 61000RAV 72.09 599.57 422. 117. 71000RAV 77.09 863.18 - 622. 037. 81000RAV 07.98 809.57 822. 117. 91000RAV 80.09 685.27 653. 207. 02000RAV 06.98 235.37 253. 307.

00RAV 120 02.09 010.37 433. 407.


27

22000RAV 31.98 760.77 951. 417. 32000RAV 89.09 194.67 432. 117. 42000RAV 36.09 827.57 342. 017. 52000RAV 05.98 389.57 202. 217. 62000RAV 25.09 318.37 624. 107. 72000RAV 85.98 032.37 403. 607. 82000RAV 82.09 158.07 174. 96. 4 92000RAV 80.09 535.97 - 160. 527. 03000RAV 58.98 534.47 172. 807. 13000RAV 82.98 008.57 871. 417. 23000RAV 09.09 894.67 132. 117. 33000RAV 84.98 324.67 151. 517. 43000RAV 75.09 914.67 561. 417. 53000RAV 26.09 730.67 112. 217. 63000RAV 27.88 594.77 191. 317. 73000RAV 32.98 068.87 - 400. 227. 83000RAV 24.09 211.87 340. 127. 93000RAV 05.98 704.57 391. 317. 04000RAV 87.09 819.47 523. 607.

.2 metiA iskeleS haleteS satimrofnoK alakS satilibaileR


s'hcabnorCahplA

fo NsmetI

7. 47 41

metI - scitsitatS latoT


37

elacS fi naeM

metIeteleD

d

elacS fi ecnairaV

metIdeteleD


noitalerroC


deteleD

10000RAV 82.13 438.92 555. 447. 70000RAV 36.13 050.13 274. 357. 90000RAV 39.03 778.03 465. 47. 6 11000RAV 55.13 856.03 126. 247. 21000RAV 33.03 616.33 282. 967. 41000RAV 59.03 576.13 163. 467. 91000RAV 23.13 949.13 033. 767. 02000RAV 38.03 285.23 823. 667. 12000RAV 34.13 433.13 793. 067. 62000RAV 57.13 321.23 494. 457. 72000RAV 28.03 038.23 432. 777. 82000RAV 25.13 239.03 434. 657. 03000RAV 80.13 462.33 732. 577. 04000RAV 20.23 223.43 991. 577.


47

4 naripmaL satilibilaeR

alakS nagnuredneceKfislupmI nailebmeP


57

.1 alakS satilibilaeR fislupmI nailebmeP nagnuredneceK iskeleS mulebeS

metiA


s'hcabnorC

ahplA

s'hcabnorC

no desaB ahplA

dezidradnatS

smetI smetI fo N

518. 618. 04

metI - scitsitatS latoT

elacS

fi naeM

metI

deteleD

elacS

fi ecnairaV

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

oitalerroC n

ahplA s'hcabnorC

deteleD metI fi

10000RAV 83.78 718.611 402. . 418.

20000RAV 77.78 498.811 540. . 818.

30000RAV 03.88 026.611 082. . 218.

40000RAV 00.88 302.611 282. . 218.

50000RAV 39.68 360.411 233. . 018.

60000RAV 33.88 056.511 363. . 018.

0RAV 7000 37.68 153.311 913. . 018.

80000RAV 09.78 385.311 404. . 808.

90000RAV 37.78 080.911 220. . 028.

01000RAV 08.68 081.311 463. . 908.

11000RAV 02.88 921.211 405. . 508.

21000RAV 27.78 746.411 223. . 018.

31000RAV 81.88 480.411 853. . 908.

41000RAV 76.78 364.011 984. . 408.

51000RAV 59.78 777.711 201. . 718.

61000RAV 25.78 022.801 095. . 008.

71000RAV 06.78 012.411 723. . 018.

81000RAV 87.78 746.211 013. . 118.


67

91000RAV 56.68 629.911 - 220. . 028.

02000RAV 71.88 989.411 003. . 118.

12000RAV 78 06. 391.311 193. . 808.

22000RAV 27.68 730.421 - 062. . 828.

32000RAV 72.88 080.511 633. . 018.

42000RAV 88.78 969.111 174. . 608.

52000RAV 06.78 241.411 023. . 018.

62000RAV 50.88 325.611 571. . 518.

72000RAV 82.78 014.411 952. . 218.

82000RAV 81.78 389.901 654. . 508.

92000RAV 28.78 876.111 294. . 508.

03000RAV 87.78 091.311 173. . 908.

13000RAV 83.78 438.111 683. . 808.

23000RAV 89.78 217.711 811. . 618.

33000RAV 81.78 022.211 893. . 808.

43000RAV 77.78 628.021 - 770. . 328.

53000RAV 80.88 11 937.7 821. . 618.

63000RAV 05.78 898.211 592. . 118.

73000RAV 58.78 047.411 852. . 218.

83000RAV 22.78 673.011 994. . 408.

93000RAV 57.68 321.811 550. . 028.

04000RAV 32.88 204.111 825. . 408.

.2 nailebmeP nagnuredneceK alakS satilibaileR slupmI fi

S halete metiA iskeleS


77


s'hcabnorCahplA

s'hcabnorC desaB ahplA

noezidradnatS

smetI d fo NsmetI

828. 728. 32

metI - scitsitatS latoT elacS

fi naeM metIeteleD

d

elacScnairaV

metI fi edeteleD


noitalerroC

S derauq elpitluMnoitalerroC


deteleD

50000RAV 56.94 986.36 433. 096. 328. 60000RAV 50.15 303.56 323. 806. 428. 70000RAV 54.94 812.26 883. 346. 128. 80000RAV 26.05 158.26 354. 185. 918. 01000RAV 25.94 389.16 154. 905. 818.

0RAV 1100 29.05 227.26 564. 945. 818. 21000RAV 34.05 125.46 092. 135. 528. 31000RAV 09.05 888.36 543. 794. 328. 41000RAV 83.05 874.06 135. 795. 418. 61000RAV 32.05 784.06 505. 695. 518. 71000RAV 23.05 446.36 243. 084. 328. 81000RAV 05.05 430.36 972. 775. 728. 91000RAV 73.94 123.76 540. 165. 438. 02000RAV 88.05 170.46 233. 385. 328. 12000RAV 23.05 267.26 814. 685. 028. 32000RAV 89.05 430.56 482. 254. 528. 42000RAV 06.05 140.26 284. 266. 718. 52000RAV 23.05 022.46 382. 426. 528. 82000RAV 09.94 235.06 264. 345. 718.


87

92000RAV 35.05 581.26 174. 126. 718. 03000RAV 05.05 933.36 843. 546. 328. 33000RAV 09.94 894.26 483. 774. 128. 83000RAV 39.94 583.16 664. 127. 718.


97

5 naripmaL :ismusA ijU

nad satilamroN ijU satiraeniL ijU


08

.1 satilamroN ijU

seT ytilamroN fo st

vorogomloK - vonrimS a oripahS - kliW

citsitatS fd .giS citsitatS fd .giS

K satimrofno 501. 011 500. 079. 011 310.

gniyub fislupmi 321. 011 000. 579. 011 830.

noitcerroC ecnacifingiS srofeilliL .a


18

.2 satiraeniL ijU


28

NA elbaT AVO

serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

* BI

timrofnoK

dsa

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ytiraeniL 876.81 1 876.81 068. 653.

morf noitaiveD

ytiraeniL 469.628 82 435.92 063.1 541.

spuorG nihtiW 940.7371 08 317.12

latoT

196.2852 901


38

6 naripmaL sisetopiH ijU


48

snoitalerroC

BI dsatimrofnoK

ohr s'namraepS BI tneiciffeoC noitalerroC 000.1 - 360.

1( .giS - )deliat . 652.

N 011 011

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1( .giS - liat )de 652. .

N 011 011


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