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In the Reading Comprehension section of the TOEFL test, you will sometimes be askedto determine which noun a pronoun refers to In this type of !uestion it is important tounderstand that a noun is generally used first in a pessage, and the pronoun that refers to it

come after "hene#er you are asked which noun a pronoun refres to,you should look beforethe pronoun to find the noun

E$ample

the pessage carni#orous plants,such as the sundew and %enus Flytrap, are generally found in humidin the soil In order to sur#ise,theseLine plants ha#e de#eloped mechanisms to trap insects within their foliageThey ha#e digesti#e fluids to obtain the necessary nitrogen from the insects These plants

trap the insect in a #ariety of ways& the sundew has sticky hairs on its lea#es& when aninsect lands on these lea#es, it gets caught up in the sticky hairs, and the leaf wraps itselfaround the insect The lea#es of the #enus'flytrap function more like a trap, snappingsuddenly and forcefully shut around an insectThe !uestions&

( The pronoun )they* in line + refers toa umid areas

b These plantsc Insectsd -igesti#e fluids

. The pronoun )it* in line / refers to

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a 0 #ariety b The sundewc 0n insectd The leaf

To answer the first !uestions, you should look before the pronoun they for plural nounsthat the pronoun could refer to umid areas, insects, and these plants come before the

pronoun, so they are possible answers& digesti#e fluids comes after the pronoun, so it is probably not the correct answer Then you should try the three possible answers in thesentence in place of the pronoun you should understand from the conte$t that these plantsha#e digesti#e fluids to obtain the necessary nitrogen from the insects,so the best answer tothis !uestion is answer

How to identify the question

How to answer the question