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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVIII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2015/ 2016
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
Gedung Konser Di Kota Surabaya
Tema Desain “Arsitektur Kontemporer”
Fokus Kajian
“Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser”
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh Irma Yunita Ratnasari – 11.11.0082
Dosen pembimbing Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.
NIDN .061.6064.301 – NPP 058.1.1992.123!
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA November 2015
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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXVIII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2015/ 2016
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
Gedung Konser Di Kota Surabaya
Tema Desain “Arsitektur Kontemporer”
Fokus Kajian
“Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser”
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh Irma Yunita Ratnasari – 11.11.0082
Dosen pembimbing Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.
NIDN .061.6064.301 – NPP 058.1.1992.123!
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA November 2015
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Projek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LXVIII Semester Gasal 2015/2016
Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Semarang
Judul : Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontemporer
Permasalahan Dominan : Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser
Penyusun : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082
Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.
Penguji : 1. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT.
2. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT.
3. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.
Semarang, November 2015
Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Dekan, Ketua,
Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur
Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA Dr. Ir. Krisprantono NIDN : 0626076501 NIDN : 0616085701
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Projek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LXVIII Semester Gasal 2015/2016
Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata
Semarang
Judul : Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontemporer
Permasalahan Dominan : Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser
Penyusun : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082
Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.
Penguji : 1. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT.
2. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT.
3. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.
Semarang, November 2015 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Pembimbing,
Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT. NPP 058.1.1992.123 – NIDN 061.6064.301
Penguji, Penguji, Penguji,
Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT. Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA. NIDN 0625116302 NIDN 0629056301 NIDN 0601035401
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`SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya :
Nama : Irma Yunita Ratnasari
NIM : 11.11.0082
Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode Semester
Gasal, 2015/2016 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain,
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang dengan:
Judul : Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Kontemporer
Permasalahan Dominan : Kenyamanan Akustik Pada Gedung Konser
Penyusun : Irma Yunita Ratnasari NIM : 11.11.0082
Pembimbing : Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan, St.B., MT.
NIDN : 061.6064.301
Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, bila dikemudian hari ditemukan tindak plagiasi
dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas siap
menerima segala konsekuensinya.
Semarang, November 2015
Penulis,
Irma Yunita Ratnasari
NIM 11.11.0082
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya
sehingga Laporan Teori & Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur Perode LXVIII, Semester Gasal,
Tahun 2015/2016 dengan judul “Gedung Konser di Kota Surabaya” ini dapat terselesaikan
dengan baik. Penulisan Landasan Teori ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan
guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Strata 1 (S1), Progdi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan
Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.
LTP ini dapat terselesaikan dangan baik bukan semata – mata hasil kerja penulis
sendiri, melainkan berkat dukungan dari beberapa pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis
mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA. selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Unika
Soegijapranata Semarang.
2. Dr. Ir. Krispantono selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan
Desain Unika Soegijapranata.
3. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT. selaku dosen koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur
Periode LXVIII.
4. Ir. Afriyanto Sofyan St. B., MT. selaku dosen pembimbing Projek Akhir Arsitektur
periode LXVIII yang telah memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, arahan, serta masukan
sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan tahap LTP dengan baik.
5. Ir. Fx. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT., Dr. Ir. Ant. Ardiyanto, MT., Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA.,
selaku tim dosen penguji yang telah memberikan saran penting bagi kesempurnaan
Landasan Teori dan Program ini.
6. Orang tua, keluarga dan kerabat dekat penyusun yang selalu mendukung baik dalam
bentuk doa dan semangat untuk selalu menyempurnakan materi.
7. Rekan-rekan seperjuangan satu studio PAA 68 yang telah memberikan dukungan
dan semangat baik disaat susah maupun senang.
8. Serta berbagai pihak yang telah membantu penyusunan makalah ini, yang tidak
dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu.
Akhir kata dengan segala kerendahan hati, mengingat keterbatasan kemampuan
penulis dalam menyusun laporan ini, maka saran dan kritik yang membangun dari semua
pihak akan sangat membantu penyempurnaan pada masa mendatang.
Semarang, November 2015
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DEKAN DAN KETUA ........................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING DAN PENGUJI ......................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................................................................. iv
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................... xv
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Projek ....................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Projek ............................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Tujuan Pembangunan Gedung Konser ...................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Sasaran Pembangunan Gedung Konser .................................................................... 2
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan ........................................................................................................ 3
1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 4
1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisa ............................................................................... 5
1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ................................................................................................ 6
1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ................................................................................. 7
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan .................................................................................................. 7
1.5.1 BAB I Pendahuluan .................................................................................................... 7
1.5.2 BAB II Tinjauan Projek ............................................................................................... 8
1.5.3 BAB III Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ....................................................................... 8
1.5.4 BAB IV Program Arsitektur ......................................................................................... 8
1.5.5 BAB V Kajian Teori ..................................................................................................... 8
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BAB II TINJAUAN PROJEK ....................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ....................................................................................................... 9
2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan - Trend ................................................................ 10
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2.1.3 Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ..................................................................................... 11
2.2 Tinjauan Khusus .............................................................................................................. 12
2.2.1 Terminologi ............................................................................................................... 12
2.2.2 Kegiatan ................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ......................................................................... 18
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Dasar/ Kota ................................................................................. 19
2.2.5 Studi Banding/ Komparasi kasus Projek Sejenis ...................................................... 25
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain .............................................................................................. 35
2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ............................................................................ 36
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 36
2.3.2 Batasan .................................................................................................................... 36
2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................................................. 37
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BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ................................................ 38
3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ....................................................................................... 38
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ........................................................................................................... 38
3.1.2 Pola Aktivitas ............................................................................................................ 46
3.1.3 Studi Fasilitas ........................................................................................................... 51
3.1.4 Studi Ruang Khusus ................................................................................................. 65
3.1.5 Studi Citra Arsitektural (Citra Guna) ......................................................................... 74
3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan .......................................................................... 75
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur & Enclosure Bangunan .......................................................... 75
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................................. 89
3.2.3 Sistem Khusus .......................................................................................................... 94
3.3 Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan .................................................................... 99
3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .......................................................................................... 99
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................................................ 102
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BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ......................................................................................... 114
4.1 Konsep Program ............................................................................................................ 114
4.1.1 Aspek Arsitektural ................................................................................................... 114
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .......................................................................................................... 114
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ..................................................................................................... 115
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4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan .................................................................................................................... 115
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan .............................................................................................. 115
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................................................. 115
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ........................................................................... 116
4.3 Program Arsitektur ........................................................................................................ 117
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ................................................................................................... 117
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................................ 120
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .......................................................................................... 121
4.3.4 Program Sistem Khusus ......................................................................................... 122
4.3.5 Program Lokasi Tapak ........................................................................................... 123
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BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................................................ 125
5.1 Kajian Teori Penekanan/Tema Desain ......................................................................... 125
5.1.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori ............................................................................. 125
5.1.2 Studi Preseden ....................................................................................................... 128
5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ke Projek ....................................................................... 131
5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ........................................................................... 132
5.2.1 Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori ............................................................................. 132
5.2.2 Studi Preseden ....................................................................................................... 135
5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan ke Projek ....................................................................... 138
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................................ 140
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
GAMBAR 2.1 Peta Kota Surabaya .......................................................................................... 24
GAMBAR 2.2 Indonesia Convention Exhibition ..................................................................... 25
GAMBAR 2.3 Concert Hall, Indonesia Convention Exhibition .............................................. 26
GAMBAR 2.4 Concert Hall, Indonesia Convention Exhibition .............................................. 26
GAMBAR 2.5 Exterior Indonesia Convention Exhibtion ....................................................... 26
GAMBAR 2.6 Exterior Gereja Reformed Injili ......................................................................... 27
GAMBAR 2.7 Exterior Aula Simfonia Jakarta ........................................................................ 27
GAMBAR 2.8 Interior Aula Simfonia Jakarta ......................................................................... 28
GAMBAR 2.9 Sistem Akustik Aula Simfonia Jakarta ............................................................ 28
GAMBAR 2.10 Exterior Walt Disney Concert Hall .................................................................. 29
GAMBAR 2.11 Interior Concert Hall ....................................................................................... 30
GAMBAR 2.12 Ruang Technical Meeting ............................................................................... 31
GAMBAR 2.13 Lobby ................................................................................................................ 31
GAMBAR 2.14 Skylight ............................................................................................................. 31
GAMBAR 2.15 Exterior Harpa Concert Hall ............................................................................ 32
GAMBAR 2.16 Main Concert Hall ............................................................................................ 33
GAMBAR 2.17 Fasad Harpa Concert Hall ............................................................................... 33
GAMBAR 2.18 Tangga dari Entrance ..................................................................................... 34
GAMBAR 2.19 Foyer ................................................................................................................ 34
GAMBAR 2.20 Foyer dan Entrance Harpa Concert Hall ........................................................ 34
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GAMBAR 3.1 Garis Pandang Tribun ....................................................................................... 66
GAMBAR 3.2 Potongan Ilustrasi Sistem Akustik ................................................................... 66
GAMBAR 3.3 Panggung Prosenium ........................................................................................ 67
GAMBAR 3.4 Panggung Arena ................................................................................................ 68
GAMBAR 3.5 Macam Bentuk Panggung ................................................................................. 69
GAMBAR 3.6 Ilustrasi Main Hall .............................................................................................. 69
GAMBAR 3.7 Ilustrasi Orchestra Pit ....................................................................................... 70
GAMBAR 3.8 Dimensi Tempat Duduk ..................................................................................... 71
GAMBAR 3.9 Dimensi Barisan Tempat Duduk ...................................................................... 71
GAMBAR 3.10 Potongan Ilustrasi Dimensi Tribun ............................................................... 72
GAMBAR 3.11 Pondasi Sumuran ........................................................................................... 75
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GAMBAR 3.12 Pondasi Raft ..................................................................................................... 76
GAMBAR 3.13 Pondasi Tiang Pancang .................................................................................. 76
GAMBAR 3.14 Pelat Beton Satu Arah ..................................................................................... 77
GAMBAR 3.15 Pelat Beton Dua Arah ...................................................................................... 77
GAMBAR 3.16 Flat Slab ............................................................................................................ 78
GAMBAR 3.17 Lantai Keramik ................................................................................................. 78
GAMBAR 3.18 Lantai Marmer ................................................................................................. 79
GAMBAR 3.19 Parquet ............................................................................................................ 79
GAMBAR 3.20 Lantai Granit ..................................................................................................... 80
GAMBAR 3.21 Karpet ............................................................................................................... 80
GAMBAR 3.22 Lantai Vinyl ....................................................................................................... 81
GAMBAR 3.23 Dinding Masif ................................................................................................... 81
GAMBAR 3.24 Dinding Sejajar ................................................................................................. 82
GAMBAR 3.25 Dinding Rangka ............................................................................................... 82
GAMBAR 3.26 Bata Merah ....................................................................................................... 82
GAMBAR 3.27 Beton ................................................................................................................ 83
GAMBAR 3.28 Bata Ringan ...................................................................................................... 83
GAMBAR 3.29 Dinding Gypsum ............................................................................................. 83
GAMBAR 3.30 Aluminium Composite Panel (ACP) ............................................................... 84
GAMBAR 3.31 Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) ..................................................... 84
GAMBAR 3.32 Dinding Sterofoam ........................................................................................... 85
GAMBAR 3.33 Dinding Kaca .................................................................................................... 85
GAMBAR 3.34 Plafond Gantung .............................................................................................. 86
GAMBAR 3.35 Plafond Rangka ................................................................................................ 86
GAMBAR 3.36 Folded Plate .................................................................................................... 87
GAMBAR 3.37 Struktur Cangkang .......................................................................................... 87
GAMBAR 3.38 Struktur Kabel .................................................................................................. 88
GAMBAR 3.39 Struktur Membran ............................................................................................ 88
GAMBAR 3.40 Struktur Space Frame .................................................................................... 89
GAMBAR 3.41 Solar Panel Diagram ........................................................................................ 90
GAMBAR 3.42 Skema Wi-Fi System ........................................................................................ 91
GAMBAR 3.43 Diagram Fiber Optic ........................................................................................ 91
GAMBAR 3.44 AC Central ........................................................................................................ 92
GAMBAR 3.45 CCTV ................................................................................................................ 92
GAMBAR 3.46 Body Detector .................................................................................................. 92
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GAMBAR 3.47 Detector ............................................................................................................ 92
GAMBAR 3.48 Sprinkle ............................................................................................................. 93
GAMBAR 3.49 Hydrant ............................................................................................................. 93
GAMBAR 3.50 APAR ................................................................................................................. 93
GAMBAR 3.51 Eskalator ........................................................................................................... 93
GAMBAR 3.52 Travelator ........................................................................................................ 93
GAMBAR 3.53 Seating System ................................................................................................ 94
GAMBAR 3.54 Spiralift Floor System ...................................................................................... 94
GAMBAR 3.55 Tribun System .................................................................................................. 94
GAMBAR 3.56 Direct Lighting ................................................................................................ 95
GAMBAR 3.57 Indirect Lighting ............................................................................................... 95
GAMBAR 3.58 Downlight ......................................................................................................... 95
GAMBAR 3.59 Uplight .............................................................................................................. 96
GAMBAR 3.60 Sidelight ............................................................................................................ 96
GAMBAR 3.61 Frontlight .......................................................................................................... 96
GAMBAR 3.62 Backlight ........................................................................................................... 96
GAMBAR 3.63 Wall Washer .................................................................................................... 97
GAMBAR 3.64 Skema LED Screen ......................................................................................... 97
GAMBAR 3.65 Peta Kota Surabaya berdasarkan Unit Pengembangan .............................. 99
GAMBAR 3.66 Peta Unit Pengembangan VIII ....................................................................... 101
GAMBAR 3.67 Peta Unit Pengembangan VIII ....................................................................... 103
GAMBAR 3.68 Lokasi Tapak 1 ............................................................................................... 103
GAMBAR 3.69 Lokasi Tapak 2 ............................................................................................... 103
GAMBAR 3.70 Panorama View From Site Tapak 1 .............................................................. 106
GAMBAR 3.71 View From Site Tapak 1 ................................................................................. 106
GAMBAR 3.72 View From Site Tapak 1 ................................................................................ 106
GAMBAR 3.73 Panorama View To Site Tapak 1 .................................................................. 106
GAMBAR 3.74 View To Site Tapak 1 ..................................................................................... 106
GAMBAR 3.75 View To Site Tapak 1 ..................................................................................... 106
GAMBAR 3.76 Drainase Tapak 1 ........................................................................................... 107
GAMBAR 3.77 Sistem Tanam Kabel ...................................................................................... 107
GAMBAR 3.78 Jaringan Listrik Tapak 1 ................................................................................ 107
GAMBAR 3.79 Jalan Raya Tapak 1 ........................................................................................ 108
GAMBAR 3.80 Jalan Raya Dengan Boulevard ..................................................................... 108
GAMBAR 3.81 Panorama View From Site Tapak 2 .............................................................. 110
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GAMBAR 3.82 View From Site Tapak 2 ................................................................................. 110
GAMBAR 3.83 View From Site Tapak 2 ................................................................................. 110
GAMBAR 3.84 Panorama View To Site Tapak 2 ................................................................... 111
GAMBAR 3.85 View To Site Tapak 2 ..................................................................................... 111
GAMBAR 3.86 View To Site Tapak 2 ..................................................................................... 111
GAMBAR 3.87 Drainase Tapak 2 ........................................................................................... 111
GAMBAR 3.88 Sistem Underground ..................................................................................... 112
GAMBAR 3.89 Bundaran Persimpangan .............................................................................. 112
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GAMBAR 5.1 Aplikasi Material GFRC ................................................................................... 127
GAMBAR 5.2 Aplikasi Material Kaca ..................................................................................... 127
GAMBAR 5.3 Penerapan Material ACP sebagai Eksterior .................................................. 128
GAMBAR 5.4 Penarapan Material Interior ............................................................................ 128
GAMBAR 5.5 Penerapan Material Interior sebagai Lobby .................................................. 129
GAMBAR 5.6 Teknik Pencahayaan Eksterior ....................................................................... 129
GAMBAR 5.7 Teknik Pewarnaan Pada Eksterior ................................................................. 130
GAMBAR 5.8 Teknik Pewarnaan Pada Hall Konser ............................................................. 130
GAMBAR 5.9 Penerapan Macam-Macam Warna Pada Bangunan ...................................... 130
GAMBAR 5.10 Sifat Bunyi ...................................................................................................... 134
GAMBAR 5.11 Material Dinding untuk Menyerap Suara ..................................................... 134
GAMBAR 5.12 Material Penutup Lantau untuk Menyerap Suara ....................................... 134
GAMBAR 5.13 Material Diffuser Bunyi .................................................................................. 135
GAMBAR 5.14 Penerapan Sistem Akustik Pada Ruangan .................................................. 135
GAMBAR 5.15 Material Parquet sebagai Pemantul Bunyi .................................................. 135
GAMBAR 5.16 Kilden Concert Hall ........................................................................................ 136
GAMBAR 5.17 Penarapan Material Akustik .......................................................................... 136
GAMBAR 5.18 Dinding Sound System ................................................................................. 137
GAMBAR 5.19 Dinding Akustik ............................................................................................. 137
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DAFTAR TABEL
TABEL 2.1 Tabel Aktivitas ........................................................................................................ 15
TABEL 2.2 Tabel Fasilitas ........................................................................................................ 17
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TABEL 3.1 Tabel Aktivitas Publik ............................................................................................ 39
TABEL 3.2 Tabel Aktivitas Penampil ....................................................................................... 40
TABEL 3.3 Tabel Aktivitas Pengelola ...................................................................................... 41
TABEL 3.4 Tabel Aktivitas Servis ............................................................................................ 42
TABEL 3.5 Tabel Pengelompokan Ruang ............................................................................... 43
TABEL 3.6 Tabel Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................................................. 44
TABEL 3.7 Tabel Waktu Operasional ..................................................................................... 50
TABEL 3.8 Tabel Pengelompokan Fasilitas Utama ............................................................... 51
TABEL 3.9 Tabel Pengelompokan Fasilitas Penunjang ........................................................ 52
TABEL 3.10 Tabel Pengelompokan Fasilitas Servis .............................................................. 53
TABEL 3.11 Tabel Kebutuhan Peralatan ................................................................................ 57
TABEL 3.12 Tabel Besaran Ruang .......................................................................................... 60
TABEL 3.13 Tabel Perhitungan Lahan Parkir ......................................................................... 63
TABEL 3.14 Tabel Luas Keseluruhan ..................................................................................... 64
TABEL 3.15 Tabel Besaran Ruang Khusus ............................................................................ 73
TABEL 3.16 Tabel Sistem Struktur Pondasi ........................................................................... 75
TABEL 3.17 Tabel Sistem Struktur dan Penutup Lantai ....................................................... 77
TABEL 3.18 Tabel Sistem Struktur dan Material Dinding ..................................................... 81
TABEL 3.19 Tabel Sistem Struktur Plafond ............................................................................ 86
TABEL 3.20 Tabel Sistem Struktur Atap ................................................................................. 87
TABEL 3.21 Tabel Sistem Utilitas ............................................................................................ 89
TABEL 3.22 Tabel Sistem Khusus ........................................................................................... 94
TABEL 3.23 Tabel Kriteria Pemilihan Tapak ......................................................................... 113
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TABEL 4.1 Tabel Total Besaran Ruang ................................................................................. 119
TABEL 4.2 Tabel Sistem Struktur .......................................................................................... 120
TABEL 4.3 Tabel Sistem Enclosure ...................................................................................... 120
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TABEL 5.1 Batas Kebisingan Pada Kota .............................................................................. 132
TABEL 5.2 Batas Pendengaran pada Manusia ..................................................................... 133
TABEL 5.3 Penyerapan Kebisingan ...................................................................................... 133
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DAFTAR DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM 3.1 Diagram Pengelompokan Aktivitas ................................................................. 38
DIAGRAM 3.2 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ............................................................... 46
DIAGRAM 3.3 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Wartawan ................................................................... 46
DIAGRAM 3.4 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Manajemen Artis ....................................................... 47
DIAGRAM 3.5 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Crew Artis .................................................................. 47
DIAGRAM 3.6 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Penampil .................................................................... 48
DIAGRAM 3.7 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ................................................................... 49
DIAGRAM 3.8 Diagram Pola Aktivitas Servis ......................................................................... 49
DIAGRAM 3.9 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Makro .......................................................... 54
DIAGRAM 3.10 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengunjung ................................... 55
DIAGRAM 3.11 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Penampil ........................................ 55
DIAGRAM 3.12 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Pengelola ....................................... 56
DIAGRAM 3.13 Diagram Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Servis ............................................. 56
DIAGRAM 3.14 Diagram Jaringan Air Bersih ......................................................................... 89
DIAGRAM 3.15 Diagram Jaringan Air Limbah ........................................................................ 90