KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA

ALAM DAN

LINGKUNGAN

Diabstraksikan oleh: Soemarno, psdl-ppsub - Malang 2013

Bahan kajian pada MK. PSDAL

SUMBERDAYA ALAM Sumberdaya Alam - Sesuatu material alami

yang digunakan oleh manusia atau Sumberdaya yang disediakan Bumi untuk

manusia Misalnya: Air, Petroleum, Minerals, Hutan

SUMBERDAYA TERBARUKAN

Sumberdaya alam yang dapat diganti dengan kecepatan yang sama pada

sat ia digunakan. Misalnya: Pohon, Angin, Air.Although many resources are

renewable, they still can be used up before they can be renewed.

TEGAKAN Jati = sumberdaya alam biologis yang dapat ditanam kembali

setelah dipanen

Sumberdaya tidak terbarukan –

Nonrenewable ResourcesSumberdaya yang terbentuk dengan

kecepatan jauh lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan kecepatan penggunaannya (konsumsinya).

A fossil fuel is a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of plants & animals that lived long ago.

Misalnya: Batubara, Petroleum (Oil), Gas Alam

Sekali habis, tidak dapat diganti !!!

KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA ALAM

Untuk konservasi sumberdaya alam, anda harus mencoba untuk menggunakan sumberdaya alam secukupnya hanya

kalau diperlukan3 R:

ReduceReuseRecycle

PENCEMARAN TANAHHow can soil be lost or damaged?

Exhausted – KEHILANGAN KESUBURAN TANAH akibat diolah dan ditanami secara TERUS MENERUS

Polluted – mining, chemical spills, HUMANS

Erosion – oleh air , angin

Desertification – once wet area, undergoes drought conditions OR grazing animals OR cutting treeshttp://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/CTW/ChinaDesertification.jpeg

Bagaimana Konservasi Tanah ?

Konservasi tanah adalah pengelolaan tganah untuk mencegah

degradasi/kerusakan tanah.Pengolahan tanah menurut KonturPergiliran TanamanOlah Tanah KonservasiPenangkal anginLeaving soil fallow

Teras bangku pada lahan miring untuk budidaya sayuran – upaya konservasi tanah dari ancaman

erosi dan runoff air hujanFoto: smno – Pujon-Nop 2012

Contour Plowing plowing fields along curves of slopes

Farming on the contour, rows are perpendicular to the slope.

Photo courtesy USDA NRCS.

Diunduh dari: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/protecting/conservation/practices/contourfarm

.aspx ……. 27/11/2012

Conservation Plowingdead weeds and stalks are left in the ground

from year to year

Diunduh dari: http://nfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/impacts_conservation_tillage.shtml …….

27/11/2012

Impacts of Conservation Tillage on Row CropsSwitching to conservation tillage on all row crops in the

Southeast over the past 5 years has resulted in savings of over $100 million to growers.

Crop Rotationplant different crops in a field from year to

yearThe effects of crop rotation:

1. Higher diversity in plant production and thus in human and livestock nutrition. 2. Reduction and reduced risk of pest and weed infestations. 3. Greater distribution of channels or biopores created by diverse roots (various

forms, sizes and depths). 4. Better distribution of water and nutrients through the soil profile. 5. Exploration for nutrients and water of diverse strata of the soil profile by roots of

many different plant species resulting in a greater use of the available nutrients and water.

6. Increased nitrogen fixation through certain plant-soil biota symbionts and improved balance of N/P/K from both organic and mineral sources.

7. Increased humus formation.

Diunduh dari: http://www.fao.org/sd/erp/toolkit/Books/SARDLEARNING/CD-SL/m_4sl_2_en.html

……. 27/11/2012

ALLEY CROPPINGtrees planted along the edge of a field

Diunduh dari: http://nac.unl.edu/bufferguidelines/guidelines/4_opportunities/5.html …….

27/11/2012

Alley cropping is the cultivation of crops grown in between rows of woody plants.

Key design considerations include selecting woody plants that provide marketable products, crop timing and

management, crop sunlight requirements, and size of farm equipment as it affects spacing requirements.

The alley crop can be changed as tree canopy closes over time.

TERRACINGPrevents erosion from heavy rains on steep hills.

Bench terracesBench terraces are a soil and water conservation measure used on sloping land with relatively deep soils to retain water and control erosion. They are normally constructed by cutting and filling to produce a series of level steps or benches. This allows water to infiltrate slowly into the soil. Bench terraces are reinforced by

retaining banks of soil or stone on the forward edges. This practice is typical for rice-based cropping systems.

Diunduh dari: http://www.greenstone.org/greenstone3/nzdl;jsessionid=1CC83FDA5814399FCCA098EA11DF825

4?a=d&d=HASH018cfbb77d155fa06876f29b.5.1.np&c=hdl&sib=1&dt=&ec=&et=&p.a=b&p.s=Classifi

erBrowse&p.sa= ……. 27/11/2012

PENCEMARAN AIR How can water be lost or cause

damage?

Diunduh dari: http://ww2.valdosta.edu/~vjfranks/ ……. 27/11/2012

WATER POLLUTIONMany things cause water pollution. Most water pollution is casued by

humans, but some pollution is caused by nature.

Things that pollute our water are: sewage drainage into our water cycle, oil from vehicles, oil spills, fertilizer from crops and garbage dumps can

run into our water system when it rains, hot water dumped from factories or nuclear plants, salt water can pollute fresh water, and dust and ash

from volcanoes.

WATER POLLUTIONHow can water be lost or cause

damage?

Nonpoint-source Pollution – Pollution that comes from many sources; Reaches bodies of water as runoff

EX: street gutters, fertilizers, eroded soil, drainage from mines

Bagaimana Air dikonservasi ?

By using only the water needed

By recycling waterBy using drip irrigation

systems. Waste water can be treated by

sewage treatment plants and septic systems

Polusi UdaraBagaimana Udara dapat menimbulkan

kerusakan dan kerugian ?

Polusi Udara – The contamination of the

atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and

natural sources

Pencemaran udara akibat transportasi di jaklan raya perkotaan. Foto: smno-Malang-Agt 2012

Polutan UdaraPolutan PrimerIndustrial emissionsVehicle ExhaustVolcanic Ash

Polutan SekunderThe formation of smog

PENCEMARAN AKIBAT ULAH MANUSIA

Industrial & Indoor Air Pollution

Acid PrecipitationThe Ozone Hole

Bagaimana Udara dapat dilestarikan?

Legislasi: Misalnya pengaturan Baku Mutu Udara Ambient Kota

By Technology such as scrubbers - devices used to remove pollutants before they are released by smokestacks

Mengubah Pola Hidup Masyarakat

Diunduh dari: http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/environmentalpolicy/research/environmentalquality/iau

……. 27/11/2012

Integrated Assessment Unit for strategies to control emissions to the atmosphere and their environmental impacts