karsinoma paru
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Karsinoma ParuTRANSCRIPT
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Karsinoma Paru
dr. Rachmat Ansyori
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Karsinoma paru
• Definisi : tumor ganas di paru paru• Karsinoma : berdasar dari sel epitel• Klasifikasi dapat berdasarkan :1. Kepentingan pengobatan 2. Jenis asal sel tumor (histologis)
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Klasifikasi
Berdasarkan kepentingan terapi :1. Small Cell Carcinoma2. Non Small Cell CarcinomaBerdasarkan jenis sel tumor (histologis) :3. Epitelial tumors : benign, preinvasive tumors,
malignant (squamus cell carcinoma, SCLC, adenocarcinoma, LCC, carcinoid tumors)
4. Soft tissue tumors
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3. Mesotelial tumors : benign, malignant mesothelioma
4. Miscellanous tumors5. Lymphoproliferative tumors6. Secondary tumors7. Unclassified tumors8. Tumor like lesions
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Etiologi kanker paru
• Belum diketahui secara pasti• Multifaktorial : kekebalan tubuh, genetik, zat-zat
kardiogenik• Rokok sangat berkaitan erat dengan kejadian kanker
paru (meningkatkan reaksi oksidatif)• Paparan agen karsinogenik, seperti asbestosis,radiasi,
racun, arsen• Polusi udara• Genetik• Teori onkogenesis
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Gambaran klinis kanker paru
• Gejala lokal :- Batuk baru atau lebih hebat - Hemoptysis- Mengi (wheezing, stridor)- Kadang terdapat kavitas seperti abses paru- atelektasis
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• Invasif lokal :- Nyeri dada- Dispnea karena efusi pleura- Invasi ke perikardium tamponade- Sindrom vena cava- Sindrom horner- Suara serak
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• Gejala penyakit metastasis :- Pada otak, tulang, hati, adrenal- Limfadenopati servikal dan supraklavikulaGejala sindrom paraneoplastik :- Sistemik : BB turun, anoreksia, - Hematologi : leukositosis, anemia,
hiperkoagulasi
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- Hipertrofi osteoartropati- Neurologik- Neuromiopati- Endokrin- Dermatologik- Renal : SIADH
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Prosedur diagnostik
• Anamnesis• Pemeriksaan fisik• Pemeriksaan penunjang- Ro thoraks- Ct scan thoraks- Bone scanning : melihat metastasis- Sitologi : terutama pada pasien dengan keluhan batuk.
Hasil dapat 67-85% positif- Histologi : dilakukan melalui bronkoskopi, trans torakal
biopsi, torakoskopi
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• Pemeriksaan serologi/tumor marker
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Staging kanker paru
• Staging dengan TNMT : ukuran tumorN : kelenjar limfe yang terlibatM : metastasis
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Pengobatan
Tujuan pengobatan kanker paru :1. Kuratif : menyembuhkan atau
memperpanjang masa bebas penyakit dan meningkatkan angka harapan hidup pasien
2. Paliatif : meningkatkan kualitas hidup3. Rawat rumah :4. Suportif : menunjang pengobatan kuratif
paliatif dan terminal
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Pengobatan kuratif
• Kemoterapi• Pemilihan obat