Dr. YATI AFIYANTI, SKp., MN Present:

Fakta Tentang:

Kehidupan Perempuan Sedunia

Tradisional:

Fungsi & Peran reproduksi & produksi

Currently:

Kualitas pengalaman hidup perempuan terkait dgn kesehatannya

Pengetahuan ttg kompleksitas & diversitas kehidupan perempuan

Health promotion, health maintenance, & health restoration across the lifespan

Kemampuan utk melakukan peran multiple

PERAN GANDA PEREMPUAN

PERAN GANDA PEREMPUAN

REPRODUKSI

PRODUKSI

Women Experiences In Research

Primary caregivers for families & friends

Motherhood is good for women?

Women’s voices with cancer

GLOBAL ISSUES IN WOMEN’S HEALTH

World population growth

Maternal mortality

Unsafe abortion

Maternal morbidity

STDS and HIV/AIDS

Cervical Cancer

Advancing reproductive health

The Challenges of Women Health

Ketidakberdayaan/ tdk mampu

Kemiskinan

Faktor sosial & budaya

Lesbi group

Addictions & abuse

Survivors of violence

Devalued & Discriminated dari sist.pelayanan

kesehatan yg ada

Perempuan di Masyarakat

Fokus pelayanan kesehatan Perempuan (di masa childbearing) & kesehatan anak

Kehidupan perempuan dlm keluarganya dipengaruhi & mempengaruhi sistem keluarga

Isu ttg perempuan: tgt kondisi/profil demografi sosial, lingkungan, & psikososial suatu negara

Seorang Ibu “High Risk Person”

The second citizen on the world, with characterize: lower education & salary than men; high-risk for getting domestic violence

Malu or tabu utk bicara tentang kondisi dirinya sendiri (cultural of silence) kemampuan „empower‟nya utk membuat keputusan ttg kesehatan dirinya

Berisiko menjadi miskin & single support bagi keluarganya

Berisiko tinggi utk mendapatkan kematian dan komplikasi pada masa motherhood

Penyebab Utama

Kematian Perempuan Sedunia

Diseases of the heart

Cancer

HIV infection

Suicide & homicide

Chronic liver disease

Kontribusi Laki-Laki dlm Isu

Permasalahan Perempuan

Penyebaran infeksi HIV/AIDS high risk pada perempuan dgn sosek rendah

Prostitusi Dis-empowerment (t.u. pengambilan

keputusan utk pemenuhan kebutuhan perempuan)

Kehamilan berisiko Domestic violence Lain-lain

Richters, 1992

“Women everywhere are actively involved

in working against social, cultural, racial,

economic, and political discrimination. It

seems as important to ask the question

of „how do women stay healthy in

difficult circumstances and how can we

strengthen those processes as to ask the

question „what makes them sick?”

Unmeet Need

For Reproductive Health in the world

India: Family planning programme “Helping Individuals Achieve their Reproductive Intentions” (HARI) Index

Netherland: STD prevention & management & infertility diagnosis & treatmentThe women’s self-help federation.

South Carolina, USA: Pregnant women remain underserved

Northern American: Cancer as a Health Issue

Indonesia:???????

ISU MASALAH KESEHATAN PEREMPUAN DI

BERBAGAI NEGARA : 3 Agenda MDGs

Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Promote Gender Equality & Empower Women

Malnut & communicable & noncommunicable

diseasewomen related to poverty

Women with malnutchildren will be born

prematurely

The link betw economics & women

healthin Sub-Saharan Africa

Fakta:

Girls who are educated have better birth

outcomes

Women with education level advances her

health & those of her families members improves

(Govindasamy, 2000)

The longer a girl child stays in school, the longer

she delay birthing & increases the possibility of

better birth outcomes (Filippi, et al, 2006)

Begins with birth and extend across the life

span:

As fetuspenentuan jenis seks (Oomman &

Ganatra, 2002)

As a girl marriages at the early age (Ehrhardl, et

al, 2009)

As a women age at high risk many chronic disease

Kemampuan Perawat:

Being there

Empathy

Communication

Helping

Time

reciprocity

Being there:

Comfort

Security

Empathy:

Action/demontrated

nonjudgemental

Eesthetic Knowing: Verbal & Non verbal Communication to gain information

Touching powerful way to communicate caring

Support nurturance, advocacy Access to health information

Reciprocity Maintain or recharge the caring Help Attain health or therapeutic goals

Special Consideration

of Women Health Care for WHN

• Dealing with healty people implies a change in the provider-patient relationship more participatory & counseling

• Dealing with More that One Client couple (women & partner or women & fetus)

• Dealing Mostly with Womenmany women are still subordinated & undervalued

• Dealing with Society culture, religion, & society of the women life

Building Blocks to Success

• Lifting Women Out of Poverty & Education as the way Forward Empower the women

• Gender inequity Cultural Approach

CULTURAL APPROACH

Fundamental issue to women’s health & social

outcomes:

Masalah budaya:

Konstruksi budaya patrial

Praktik mitos & supersition selama masa perinatal

Pengaturan fertilitas

Penyelesaian: Culturally Competent Care

CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE

Conflicts can occur with a childbearing woman and her family when traditional rituals and practices of the family’s elders do not conform with current healthcare practices.

Nurses need to be sensitive to the potential implications for the woman’s health and that of her newborn, especially after they are discharged home.

When cultural values are not part of the nursing care plan, a woman and her family may be forced to decide whether the family’s beliefs should take priority over the healthcare professional guidance

FROM WOMEN‘S HEALTH TO GENDER

MAINSTREAM INITIATIVE

• Primary Health Care

• Health Care

• Intergrated Caring Models with Multidisiplin

SELF-HELP CULTURE

Women Empowerment

PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN

• Robertson, 1997:

▫ “ A person is empowered when he/s

believes that he/s has the

authority/power to control what

happens to him/herself”.

• Empowerment concept for women:

▫ Self-assessment & self-care

▫ Access to the health care system

Self-Care/Assessment for Women

Self-assessment/examination →

woman‟s ability to determine & evaluate

change in her body

Self-care → how a woman provides for

her health promotion needs & responds

to the findings of her self-assessment

Women’s self-care → health

promotion needs & disease prevention

PROMOSI KESETARAAN JENDER

& PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN

KONSEP PEMBERDAYAAN

PEREMPUAN DALAM PELAYANAN

KESEHATAN

Perempuan

Subjek

Penerima

Pelayanan

Kesehatan

PEREMPUAN YANG BERDAYA

Memiliki autoritas &

kontrol ttg yg terjadi

pada dirinya

Menyadari hak &

kewajibannya sbg istri &

ibu dari anak-anaknya

Mempunyai kebutuhan

support dari lingk

Mampu mengambil

keputusan

The Role Of

Women Health Nursing

Nurses and Society:

Provide wellness for a community amidst

(ICN, 2009)

Seeking relief from poverty within community

(ICN, 2009)

Provide education, support, & guidance an

achieving a health

Promote advocacy & partnertships

(influence the women group to relief poverty)

The Role Of

Women Health Nursing

Nursing and Organizations:

Women for Women International

Global Health Council

Global Alliance Women’s Health

International Women’s Health Coalition

International Council of Nurses

International Council on Women’s Health

Issues

Nursing’s Roles (1)

As supporter for self-

care/assessment:

collaborative with the women when

sharing information & encouraging

them to be experts on what is

normal for each of them

Nursing’s Roles (2)

As primary facilitator the women’s connection to the health care system:

how to make them making choices about their health & determine the extent of the role they wish to play in their health care

Nursing’s Roles (3)

Provide information that addresses the women’s concerns

Becoming partners in education & collaborating with each woman

Supporting the woman’s analysis of her experiences & needs

Helping in building upon her current competencies in self-care

Simpulan

The role of WHN:

Educate society on the links among poverty,

inequality, & empowerment of women

Develop health center or small clinic

Assist women in realizing their capacity to

affect change within their family &

community

Make strides toward improving the variabels

that affect health, poverty, education, &

empowerment

References

Matteson, P.S. (2001). Women’s health during the childberaing years: A community-based approach. Philadelphia: Mosby Inc

Fathaal, M.F. (2008). Sexual and reproductive health: Overview. Asslut Univ Egypt.

Tyer-Viola, L & Cesario. S.K. (2010). Addressing poverty, education, and gender equality to improve the health of women wordwide. JOGNN, 39, 580-589.

Sciarra, J.J. (2009). Global issues in women’s health. Inter J. Of Gyn and Obst, 104, 77-79.

Hardon, A. (2003). Reproductive health care in the Netherlands: Would integration improve it? Repro Health Matters, 11(21),59-73.

Ravindra, T.K. & Mishra, U.S. (2009). Unmet need for reproductive health in India. Repro Health Matters, 9(18), 105-113.

McGovern.T. (2007). Building coalitions to support women’s health and rights in the USA: South Carolina and Florida. Repro Health Matters, 15(29), 119-129.

Kurlmann, E. (2009). From women’s health to gender mainstreaming and back again: linking feminist agendas and new governance in healthcare. Current Sociology, 57(135), 135-154.

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