Download - Organisasi Sel i
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ORGANISASI SEL I
NUKLEUS, MITOKONDRIA, KLOROPLAS, SITOPLASMA,
SITOSKELETON, & MEMBRAN SEL
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NUKLEUS
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NUKLEUS
• Pusat penyimpanan informasi sel.• Informasi ditulis dalam huruf molekuler yang disebut
nukleotida.• Nukleotida-nukleotida bergabung membentuk asam
nukleat.
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NUKLEOLUS
• Nukleolus (‘nukleus kecil’) adalah struktur reticular fibrogranular di dalam nukleus yang terspesialisasi untuk transkripsi ribosomal RNA dan pengepakannya ke dalam subunit pre-ribosomal.
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NUKLEOTIDA
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DNA
• DNA merupakan untai ganda asam nukleat.
• Basa dari satu untai dengan basa di untai lainnya merupakan komplementer
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DNA
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KROMOSOM
• Informasi dalam nukleus dibagi menjadi beberapa “buku” (kromosom).
• Kromosom merupakan molekul DNA yang hanya dapat diamati di dalam sel yang sedang mitosis.
• Selama interfase, DNA tidak terkondensasi sehingga sulit dibedakan.
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GEN
• Buku (kromosom) dibagi menjadi beberapa bab (gen).
• Gen merupakan resep untuk sintesis suatu protein.
• Gen terdiri dari sekuen regulator (promoter), ekson, dan intron.
• Gen diekspresikan ketika dibutuhkan untuk sintesa suatu protein, ketika tidak dibutuhkan untuk sintesis protein gen disebut dalam keadaan silence (diam).
• Ada beberapa bagian DNA yang tidak mengkode protein (non-gen).
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MITOKONDRIA,
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• exclusively maternal• a few hundred to a few
thousand copies per cell.• 16.6 kbp long• encodes two rRNAs, 22
tRNAs and 13 polypeptides of which 7 are subunits of complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), 3 are subunits of complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), 2 are subunits of complex V (ATP synthase), and cytochrome b (a subunit of complex III).
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KLOROPLAS,
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SITOPLASMA
• Sitoplasma bukan merupakan kompartemen cair, tetapi lebih menyerupai struktur seperti gel.
• Banyak filamen yang ditemukan di sitosol.
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SITOSKELETON
• Mikrotubulus, filamen intermediet, dan mikrofilamen merupakan sitoskeleton sel yang utama.
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• consists of three types of proteins: – Microtubules
• tubes made up of spiraling, two-part subunits. • made of tubulin. • aids in chromosome movement, movement of organelles, and the movement
of cilia and flagella.
– intermediate filaments• made of eight subunits in rope-strands • the structure varies with different tissue types • helps maintain shape, support nerve cell extentions, and attach cells together.
— Microfilaments• twisted double strands consisting of a string of proteins, from 7 nm to several
cm long. • The protein is actin helps muscle contraction, cell shape, and movement in
cytoplasm
Without the cytoskeleton, the cell would have no shape
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MIKROTUBULUS
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Intracellular vesicle “walks” along microtubule
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MIKROFILAMEN
• Mikrofilamen merupakan sitoskeleton terkecil• Dibentuk dari subunit actin globuler
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Intermediet filamen
• Diameternya diantara mikrotubulus dan mikrofilamen.
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MEMBRAN SEL
Cellular membranes have 4 components:1. phospholipid bilayer2. transmembrane proteins3. interior protein network4. cell surface markers
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Membrane proteins have various functions:
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TERIMAKASIH