DAFTAR ISI

HalamanJUDUL....................................................................................................i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN...................................................................ii

KATA PENGANTAR...........................................................................iii

DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................vi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................1

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Anatomi dan Fisiologi Mata........................................................2

2.2 Kelainan Refraksi........................................................................6

2.3 Bentuk Kelainan Refraksi...........................................................8

2.3.1 Miopia................................................................................8

2.3.1.1 Definisi...................................................................8

2.3.1.2 Patofisiologi............................................................8

2.3.1.3 Gejala Klinis...........................................................9

2.3.1.4 Klasifikasi..............................................................10

2.3.1.5 Etiologi..................................................................11

2.3.1.6 Diagnosis...............................................................11

2.3.1.7 Penatalaksanaan.....................................................12

2.3.1.8 Komplikasi............................................................12

2.3.1.9 Prognosis...............................................................12

2.3.1.10 Pencegahan..........................................................13

2.3.2 Hipermetropia....................................................................13

2.3.2.1 Definisi..................................................................13

2.3.2.2 Epidemiologi.........................................................14

2.3.2.3 Etiologi..................................................................14

2.3.2.4 Klasifikasi..............................................................14

2.3.2.5 Gejala Klinis..........................................................16

2.3.2.6 Diagnosis...............................................................16

2.3.2.7 Penatalaksanaan.....................................................16

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2.3.2.8 Komplikasi............................................................17

2.3.3 Astigmatisme.....................................................................17

2.3.3.1 Definisi..................................................................17

2.3.3.2 Epidemiologi.........................................................18

2.3.3.3 Etiologi..................................................................18

2.3.3.4 Klasifikasi..............................................................19

2.3.3.5 Gejala Klinis..........................................................21

2.3.3.6 Diagnosis...............................................................22

2.3.3.7 Penatalaksanaan.....................................................23

2.3.4 Presbiopia..........................................................................23

2.3.4.1 Definisi..................................................................23

2.3.4.2 Epidemiologi.........................................................23

2.3.4.3 Etiologi..................................................................24

2.3.4.4 Klasifikasi..............................................................24

2.3.4.5 Gejala Klinis..........................................................24

2.3.4.5 Diagnosis...............................................................24

2.3.4.6 Penatalaksanaan.....................................................25

BAB III KESIMPULAN.................................................................27

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................28

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Anatomi Mata.....................................................................2

Gambar 2.2 Emetropia...........................................................................6

Gambar 2.3.1 Pembiasaan cahaya .........................................................7

Gambar 2.3.2 Mekanisme Patofisiologi kelainan Refraksi ...................8

Gambar 2.4 Miopia................................................................................9

Gambar 2.5 Perbandingan Penglihatan Normal dengan Miopia...........10

Gambar 2.6 Hipermetropia dengan Koreksi Lensa...............................13

Gambar 2.7 Klasifikasi hipermetropia .................................................15

Gambar 2.8 Koreksi pada mata Hipermetropia.....................................17

Gambar 2.9 Simple hyperopic Astigmatism..............................................19

Gambar 2.10 Simple Myopic Astigmatism................................................19

Gambar 2.11 Compound Hypermetropic Astigmatism...............................20

Gambar 2.12 Compound Myopic Astigmatism..........................................20

Gambar 2.13 Mixed Astigmatism.............................................................20

Gambar 2.14 Kartu Tes Astigmat.........................................................22

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