computer vision utk deteksi ost
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Deteksi Osteoporosis BerbantukanKomputer dengan Dental Panoramic
Radiographs
Agus Zainal Arifin
Fakultas Teknologi Informasi, ITS, Surabaya
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CAD
Trend CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis) Tujuan bukan komputer menggantikan manusia (dokter) Tujuan agar komputer (model komputasi yang
dihasilkan) dapat meningkatkan akurasi dan mengurangierror analisa manusia.
Perbedaan Performa Ada perbedaan performa antara radiologist senior vs
dokter junior. Tetapi saat dokter junior memakai CAD sebagai alat
bantu, tingkat performanya naik signifikan, menyamai
level dokter senior. T. Kobayashi, et.all Effect of a computer-aided
diagnosis scheme on radiologists performance,Radiology (1996).
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Osteoporosis
Loss of integrity and strength of the bone one of the most common disorders
substantial morbidity rates
increased medical cost
high mortality risk in the elderly
Bone Density & Bone Quality
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Osteoporosis Prevalence
Di Indonesia, hasil analisa Depkes di 14propinsi, penderita osteoporosis sekitar19,7 persen dari jumlah lansia yang ada
(IDIOnline.org, 2005). Tanggal 20 September hingga 20 Oktober
2005 Menteri Kesehatan RI
mencanangkannya sebagai BulanOsteoporosis Nasional.
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Deteksi Dini
Penanganan tepat
Bila berhasil terdeteksi secara dini, makadapat diberi penanganan medis yang sesuai.
Metode Deteksi
Dewasa ini
Pengukuran BMD (Bone Mineral Density) dengan
DEXA Scanner Metode Usulan
Identifikasi dengan dental panoramic radiographs
Dilakukan oleh Dokter Gigi
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BMD pada
Lumbar Spine
Dan Femoral Neck
Pengukuran Bone Mass Density DEXA Scanner
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Scanning BMD
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The Proposed Early Detection
Using Dental Panoramic Radiographs
Frequently visit to dentists for treatment anddental diseases
Dentists may use it easily for diagnosing otherdeseases Osteoporosis ?
Normal ?
Send to
MedicalProfessional
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Sistem Deteksi Dini
PengolahanCitra Digital
EkstraksiFitur
PemilihanFitur
DisainKlasifikasi
EvaluasiSistem
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Existing System
Saat ini telah kami kembangkan Computer-aided diagnosis dengan mengukur
Cortical width
Cortical shape Kepadatan Trabecular bone
Klasifikasi
Fuzzy Neural Network, Algoritma genetika, dll
Input: parameter yang berhasil diukur
Output: Normal / Osteoporosis
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Cortical Width Measurement
width ?
Left and right of lower mandible around mental foramen
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Cortical Shape Analysis
Cortical
shape ?
1. Normal 2. Osteopenia 3. Osteoporosis
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Trabecular Bone Analysis
Direction (horizontal and vertical), density, branch number, etc.
Trabecular
Bone
Tujuan akhirnya mampu mendeteksi secaratepat inferior contour pada trabeculae
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Original Results
Line Detection Results
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Line Detection Results
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Pengguna
Deteksi GarisTransformasi ke
citra hitam putih
Pengguna
4 ROI
4 Citra deteksi garis
Jumlah Struktur
segmen garis
Rata-rata jumlah
struktur segmen
garis semua area
sampel
4 citra black and white
Luas tiap citra
diagnosa
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Bone Mineral Density
No. UmurHasil DEXA Scanner
Lumbar Spine Femoral Neck
1 84 0.593 (3) 0.496 (3)
2 57 1.311 (1) 0.999 (1)3 67 0.755 (3) 0.723 (1)
100 56 0.816 (2) 0.761 (1)
Arti Index :1. Normal2. Ostepenia3. Osteoporosis
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Rencana Pengembangan
Identifikasi Parameter Mandible Cortical bone sepanjang mandible
Analisa kepadatan trabecular bone
Lokasi mental foramen
Tinggi crown, akar gigi, dan lain-lain Standarisasi nilai-nilai parameter
Berdasarkan data medis orang Indonesia asli.
Optimalisasi Sistem
Membangun klasifikasi yang lebih robust dan cepat. Integrasi seluruh bagian sistem. Sistem harus simple,
cepat, dan akurat, agar dokter gigi tidak berkeberatanmenggunakannya diluar tugas utamanya
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Remarks
Dibandingkan pengukuran secara manual,pengukuran dengan sistem ini jauh lebih mudah,lebih cepat, dan lebih konsisten. Apalagi denganjumlah dental panoramic radiographs masif.
Cutoff threshold sistem ini mungkin berbedadengan cutoff threshold cara manual, sebab adanyaperbedaan antara persepsi mata manusia dan hasilanalisa numerik.
Dokter Gigi sangat dimungkinkan menggunakansistem CAD ini, karena mudah dan cepat.
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Needs of Medical Images Processing
Images were low contrast, unevenlyilluminated, and mainly dark
Measurement by experts may not be
consistent in the sense of intra-observerand inter-observer
Need to an apparatus for Assessing
massively dental panoramic radiographs General dental practitioners have more
works
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Cortical Width Measurement
l
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Assessment Results
Manual vs OtomaticLumbar spine Femoral neck
Normal Low BMD Normal Low BMD
Manually measurement
Cutoff threshold> Cutoff threshold 3045 232 2546 213
Computer-aided system
Cutoff threshold> Cutoff threshold
3144
223
3140
213
Cutoff of manual 3.94 mm for lumbar spine and 3.91 for pada femoral neck.
Cutoff of this system 3.08 mm for lumbar spine and 2.69 mm for femoral neck.
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Another Measurement
Mandibular Width Measurement
Binarization using Algorithm of
Multistage adaptive thresholding
Morphological Operation for
Edge Detection
Applying Genetic Algorithm for
enhancing edges
Euclidean distance of mandibular
upper and lower boundary
Algo ithms
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Algorithms
Input ImagesThresholding and
morpholgy processing GeneticAlgorothm
Right
Left
C ti l Width M t
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Cortical Width Measurement
width ?
Left and right of lower mandible around mental foramen
I Th h ldi i h F
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Optimization Of Ultrafuzziness BasedOn Fuzzy Sets Type II
Image Thresholding with Fuzzy
Image Fuzzification
Determine optimal
threshold
Calculate ultrafuzziness
Of the image
Thresholding the image
using threshold value
Input Image
Thresholded Image
I Th h ldi ith F
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Image Thresholding with Fuzzy
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Segmentationof
Mandibular Bone
T t l I f ti
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Dental Panoramic Radiograph Region of Interest 256 x 256
Textural Information
T t l I f ti
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Entropy
Uniformity
Contrast
Homogenity
SumMean
Variance
Correlation
MaxProbability
InverseDifferentMoment
ClusterTendency
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Textural Information
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Textural Information