bilangan oksidasi nitrogen

8/16/2019 Bilangan Oksidasi Nitrogen

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EXPERIMENT IV NITROGEN OXIDATION NUMBERS

31 March 2014

A. Object !e

St"#$ %& the re#'( react '% ') % tr c ac # a%# % trate *a+t* , % tr c ac # a%# re#'( react '%*re#'( react '% ') a--'% a

B. Ba* c The'r$ N tr'&e% c'%ta %e# % the )ree at-'* here a%# * the +ar&e*t at-'* her c c'%*t t"e%t

&a*e* / . '- '"%# that )'r-e# )r'- the c'-b %at '% ') % tr'&e% 5 th 'ther

e+e-e%t* !er$ -"ch . O) the % tr'&e% c'- '"%#* ha!e !ar$ %& '( #at '% %"-ber / 67 , 63

, 62 , 61 , 0 , 81 , 82 , 83 . N tr'&e% ca% c'-b %e 5 th h$#r'&e% t' )'r- a h$#r #ec'- '"%#* , 5 th '($&e% t' )'r- '( #e* , 5 th h$#r'&e% a%# '($&e% t' )'r- '($ac #*

a%# ca% a+*' )'r- the '($ ac # ha+ #e c'- '"%#* . I% a## t '%, % tr'&e% ca% a+*' )'r- a*

*'# "- % trate a%# 'ta** "- % trate . E(a- +e* ') % tr'&e% c'- '"%#* a%# '( #at '%

%"-ber are re*e%te# % the )'++'5 %& .

O( #at '% %"-ber '- '"%#83 N9 3 /a--'% a82 N29 4 /h$#ra: %

81 N9 2O9 /h$#r'( +a- %0 N 2 /# % tr'&e%61 N 2O /# % tr'&e% '( #e62 NO /% tr'&e% '( #e63 N 2O3 /# % tr'&e% tr '( #e64 NO 2 /% tr'&e% # '( #e67 9NO 3 /% trate ac #

/T - D'*e% ; - a A%'r&a% ? a%# )r':e% at 8210 ? .;et #a


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N tr'&e% ca% b %# c'!a+e%t+$ 5 th *'-e %'%8-eta+ e+e-e%t* , e* ec a++$ h$#r'&e% a%#'($&e% . N tr'&e% &reater e+ectr'%e&at ! t$ tha% h$#r'&e% b"t *-a++er tha% '($&e% . A* are*"+t , the '( #at '% %"-ber ') % tr'&e% 5'"+# be a %e&at !e * &% ) b'"%# 5 th h$#r'&e% ,5h +e ) t "% te* 5 th '($&e% * '* t !e . 'r e(a- +e @ N93 a%# NO2 .A--'% a / N93 * a % tr'&e% c'- '"%# that * !er$ - 'rta%t beca"*e t * the ra5

-ater a+ )'r -a< %& 'ther - 'rta%t % tr'&e% c'- '"%#* *"ch a* "rea a%# % tr'&e% '( #e* .A--'% a * c'--erc a++$ re are# b$ the 9aber r'ce** , %a-e+$ N2 a%# 92 &a* - ( %&5 th the r'% cata+$*t .

9 2/& 6 39 2/& 2N93 F9? 8=2< -'+ 81

Th * react '% ca% be re!er*e# *' a* t' )'r- a% e " + br "- .I% the +ab'rat'r$ , the a--'% a * -a#e )r'- a--'% "- *a+t* 5 th *tr'%& ba*e* 'r ba* c'( #e .

NaO9 6 N9 4 + H N9 3 6 Na + 6 9 2O

aO 6 2N9 4 + H 2N9 3 6 a + 2 6 9 2O

B'th ') the*e react '%* ca% be "*e# )'r "a+ tat !e a%a+$* * ') a--'% "- '% / N94 6 5 tha--'% a '#'r that *t -"+ate 'r te*te# 5 th + t-"* . A--'% a * a c'+'r+e** &a* 5 th a b' + %& ' %t ') 833.37 ? a%# 8 . ? )ree: %& ' %t .A--'% a # **'+!e# % 5ater 5 th a c'%ce%trat '% ') ab'"t 17- 'r 2 b$ -a** , beca"*ethe 5ater a%# a--'% a ca% )'r- h$#r'&e% b'%#* . A--'% a % 5ater * a+


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P"re % tr c ac # * a c'+'r+e** + " # , ea* +$ #ec'- '*e* ab'!e 0 ? t' NO 2, 9 2O #a% O2.49NO 3 H 4NO 2 6 O 2 6 29 2O

N't re## *h br'5% / +''


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Experiment 2 @ Heating of Nitrate Salts

Experiment 3 @ Nitrate reduction in alkaline solution

2. Redox reaction of nitric acid

Experiment 4 @ Formation and Redox Reaction of nitric acid

bser!e thechanges that

occurred in bothtubes

In a di"erent testtube#heat the

$u%& ' (2solid.$heckthe gas and residualsolids generated in a

test tube

)eat a solid *& ' in atest tube

Add one piece of metalAI#thenreheat.$heck the gas

generated using litmus paper

Insert into a test tube 2ml of 2M )& ' and + ml of

dilute &a ) solution

,efrigerate 10 ml of dilute sulfuric acid in a test tube with ice for + minutes

Into the second tube#add a little *I. bser!e the changesInto the third tube#add *Mn - obser!e the changes

Di!ide the solution into ' parts.)eat the tube rst and then obser!e the

&ote the color of the solution#what compounds are formed

/nter the sulfuric acid into the tube containing 1 gr of &a& '


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E. Ob*er!at '% Dataa. ha%&e* % the e( er -e%t 1@

1. The c'+'r ') *'+"t '% cha%&e %t' t'*ca b+"e, a eara%ce &a*2. The c'+'r ') the *'+"t '% cha%&e %t' t'*ca b+"e, a ear &a*, the c' er 5a* *'+"b+e

b. React '% that 'cc"r % the e( er -e%t 1@1. " /* 6 49NO 3 e


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Th * e( er -e%t a -* t' #e%t )$ a%# "%#er*ta%# the re#'( react '%* that 'cc"r bet5ee% c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac # a%# # +"te % tr c ac # 5he% reacte# 5 th -eta++ c c' er. The) r*t e( er -e%t* 5ere c'%#"cte# 5a* react %& c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac # *'+"t '% 5 th 1 ece') c' er -eta+. O%ce the "c< #r' * ') c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac # c' er , the *'+"t '% % t a++$tra%*+"ce%t c'+'r t"r%* %t' &ree% t'*ca a%# there are b"bb+e* ') &a* a%# &a* a ear* br'5% *h

$e++'5. I% %! tr' c' er c' %* e!er$th %& # **'+!e* a%# the *'+"t '% t"r%* %t' b+"e.React '% 'cc"r* @

49NO 3 (l) 6 " (s) H NO 2 (s) 6 " 26 (aq) 6 2O9 8 (aq)

r'- the react '% ab'!e *h'5e# that the re*"+t %& react '% NO 2 * br'5% *h $e++'5*ee% % the 5a++* ') the react '% t"be . I% th * ca*e c' er "%#er&' '( #at '% react '% ') "

%t' " 26 / " act* a* a re#"c %& a&e%t 5 th a% %crea*e % '( #at '% %"-ber )r'- 0 t' 62 .The% thr e( er e%ce# a re#"ct '% react '% ') % tr'&e% /% tr'&e% act* a* a% '( # : %& a&e%t5 th a #ecrea*e % the '( #at '% *tate ') 67 t' 64 . h +e the b+"e c'+'r r'#"ce# b$ the*'+"t '% #"e t' the re*e%ce ') " 26 '%* . I% th * react '% r'#"ce# NO 2 &a* * "*e# a* a*'+"t '% ') c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac #. Th * * c'%* *te%t 5 th the the'r$ that ) a -eta+ * reacte#5 th c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac # t 5 ++ r'#"ce NO2 &a*I% the %e(t e( er -e%t, 3 ece* ') c' er reacte# 5 th M 9NO 3 *'+"t '% , re*"+t %& b+"e*'+"t '% a%# there are &a* b"bb+e* a%# # **'+!e# c' er ece* .

9NO 3(aq) 6 3 " (s) H 3 "/NO 3 2 (aq) 6 2NO (g) 6 49 2O (l)

r'- the ab'!e react '% *h'5e# that the react '% ') NO &a*e* r'#"ce#. There*"+t %& &a* * # ))ere%t )r'- the ) r*t react '% a* % the *ec'%# e( er -e%t "*e# *'+"t '% * a*'+"t '% ') % tr c ac # M. Th * * c'%* *te%t 5 th the the'r$ that ) a -eta+ * reacte# 5 th# +"te % tr c ac # t 5 ++ r'#"ce &a* NO. I% the ab'!e react '% ') " act* a* a re#"c %& a&e%t

beca"*e ') a% '( #at '% react '% ') " %t' " /NO 3 2 5 th a% %crea*e % '( #at '% *tate)r'- 0 t' 62. h +e % tr'&e% act* a* a% '( #a%t #"e t' the re#"ct '% react '% ') NO 5 th9NO 3 %t' #ec+ %e bec'-e* 62 '( #at '% *tate ') 67.

I% th * e( er -e%t, the *ec'%# react '% r"%* *+'5er tha% the ) r*t react '%. Th * *#"e t' the "*e ') # ))ere%t % tr c ac # *'+"t '%. I% the ) r*t e( er -e%t "*e# a *'+"t '% ') c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac # 5h +e % the *ec'%# e( er -e%t "*e# M % tr c ac # *'+"t '%. S' t ca%

be *a # that the h &her the c'%ce%trat '% ') % tr c ac # "*e#, the ab + t$ t' '( # :e the c' er 5 ++ be e!e% &reater. I% a## t '%, the re*"+t %& c'- '"%# * # ))ere%t 5here the e( er -e%t*"* %& c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac # '( # :e* %t' "26 a%# " r'#"ce# NO 2 &a* 5h +e % thee( er -e%t* "* %& # +"te % tr c ac # t' )'r- a c'- '"%# ') " /NO 3 2 a%# NO &a* *

r'#"ce#.

Experiment 2. Heating Nitrate saltsTh * e( er -e%t a -* t' #e%t )$ a%# "%#er*ta%# the re#'( react '%* that 'cc"r %

heat %& % trate *a+t*. The ) r*t e( er -e%t 5a* heate# * at"+a 5h te *'+ # ;NO 3 % a te*tt"be. S'+ # ;NO 3 5ere heate# t' -e+t a%# there * a &a* b"bb+e. he% te*te# 5 th + t-"*

a er re#, re# + t-"* a er re-a %*. The% a)ter a )e5 t -e #+e, 5h ch ha* -e+te# ;NO 3)'r-e# %t' a *'+ # bac< .

0

2

1

0

2

'


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React '% 'cc"r* @2;NO 3 /* ; 2O /* 6 2NO 2 /& 6 J O 2 /&

r'- the ab'!e react '% ') % tr'&e% "%#er&' re#"ct '% react '% ') NO3 %t' NO 25 th a #ecrea*e % the '( #at '% *tate ') 67 t' 64 .

I% the *ec'%# e( er -e%t * heate# * at"+a " / NO3 2 % b+"e %t' the react '%t"be . " / NO3 2 *'+ # are heate# t' -e+t a%# there * a &a* b"bb+e . A)ter " / NO3 2-e+t , -e+t* %t' #ar< b+"e . he% te*te# 5 th + t-"* a er re# , re# + t-"* a er re-a %* .React '% 'cc"r* @

"/NO 3 2 . 9 2O /* "O /* 6 2NO 2 /& 6 J O 2 /& 6 39 2O

r'- the ab'!e react '% ') % tr'&e% "%#er&' re#"ct '% react '% ') NO 3 %t' NO25 th a #ecrea*e % the '( #at '% *tate ') 67 t' 64.

O) b'th the ab'!e react '%, t *


8/10

r'- the ab'!e react '% ') % tr'&e% "%#er&' re#"ct '% react '% 5 th a #ecrea*e %the '( #at '% *tate ') 67 be 83. Th * -ea%* 9NO3 *'+"t '% act* a* a% '( #a%t )'r a+"- %"-.

h +e the a+"- %"- -eta+ "%#er&'e* '( #at '% 5 th a% %crea*e % '( #at '% ') 0 t' 64 .

Re#'( React '%* ') N tr'"* Ac #

Experiment 4. #ormation and Nitric Acid Redox ReactionsTh * e( er -e%t a -* t' #e%t )$ a%# "%#er*ta%# the )'r-at '% ') % tr c ac # a%#

re#'( react '%*. Th * e( er -e%t 5a* carr e# '"t b$ react %& a *'+"t '% ') # +"te *"+)"r c ac #5 th NaNO 3 *'+ #. Be)'re reacte# , *"+)"r c ac # *'+"t '% 5a* c''+e# % a#!a%ce )'r 7- %"te*. Th * * #'%e % 'r#er )'r the &a* that * )'r-e# )r'- the #ec'- '* t '% NaNO 3 5 ++*+'5 #'5% a + tt+e a%# *'+"b + t$. A)ter react %& 5 th # +"te *"+)"r c ac # *'+"t '%, NaNO3 5 ++# **'+!e a%# c+ear c'+'r+e** *'+"t '%.

React '% 'cc"r* @9 2SO 4 (aq) 6 NaNO 3 (s) H Na9SO 4 (aq) 6 9NO 2 (aq) 6 1C2 O 2 (g)

"rther-'re, the *'+"t '% 5a* # ! #e# %t' 3 art* @

Tube ! Heating HN" # solutionhe% the *'+"t '% * heate# 9NO 2 r'#"ce# &a* b"bb+e* are NO &a* a%# the

*'+"t '% 5a* tra%*+"ce%t c'+'r. Th * react '% r'#"ce* % trate c'- '"%#*.React '% 'cc"r* @

3 9NO 2 (aq) H 9NO 3 (aq) 6 2NO (g) 6 9 2O (l)

The ab'!e react '% * a # * r' 'rt '%at '% react '% /#er !e# )r'- the *a-e * ec e* ,5here the % tr'&e% '( #at '% react '%* / % 9NO 3 5 th %crea*e % '( #at '% *tate ') 63 t' 67a%# e( er e%ce# a re#"ct '% react '% /at NO 5 th a #ecrea*e % '( #at '% %"-ber ') 63 be62 .

Tube #! The solution HN" # $ %& solutionhe% the *'+"t '% ') ;I 5a* treate# 5 th a *'+"t '% 9NO 2 re*"+t %& $e++'5

*'+"t '%. Th * react '% ta


9/10

7NO 28 (aq) 6 2M%O 48 (aq) 6 >9 6 H 7;NO 3 6 2M%26 639 2O

r'- the ab'!e react '% ') % tr'&e% "%#er&' '( #at '% react '% 5 th %crea*e %'( #at '% *tate ') 63 t' 67, 5here % tr te act* a* a re#"c %& a&e%t, 5herea* M% e( er e%ce# are#"ct '% react '% 5 th a #ecrea*e % the '( #at '% *tate ') 6 be 62, 5here M%O 48

er-a%&a%ate '%* act a* a% '( #a%t .

G. '%c+"* '%

1. '%ce%trate# % tr c ac # 5he% reacte# 5 th the -eta+ 5 ++ re*"+t % NO2 &a*, 5herea*

# +"te % tr c ac # 5he% reacte# 5 th the -eta+ 5 ++ r'#"ce &a* NO.2. I% the react '% ') c'%ce%trate# % tr c ac #, % tr'&e% e( er e%ce# a re#"ct '% react '%5 th a #ecrea*e % the '( #at '% *tate ') 67 t' 64. h +e the react '% ') # +"te % tr cac #, % tr'&e% e( er e%ce# a re#"ct '% react '% 5 th a #ecrea*e % the '( #at '% *tate') 67 be 62.

3. React '% heat %& % trate *a+t* ;NO3 a%# " /NO3 2 r'#"ce NO2 &a*, 5h che( er e%ce# a re#"ct '% react '% ') % tr'&e% 5 th a re#"ce# '( #at '% *tate ') 67 t'64.

4. N trate re#"ct '% react '% % a+. I% react '% t' the t"be 2, % tr'&e% "%#er&' re#"ct '% react '% 5 th a #ecrea*e %'( #at '% %"-ber ') 63 be 62.

. I% the react '% t"be t' 3, % tr'&e% "%#er&' '( #at '% react '% b$ the %crea*e %'( #at '% *tate ') 63 t' 67

. I% th * e( er -e%t % tr'&e% '( #at '% *tate* ha!e !ar e#, e 83, 62, 63, 64, a%# 67. I%a## t '%, % tr'&e% ca% act a* a% '( #a%t, re#"cta%t, 'r b'th.

9. S"&&e*t '%

1. Pract t '%er *h'"+# be -'re care)"+ a%# -et c"+'"* #"r %& the ract c"-2. Pract t '%er -"*t "%#er*ta%# the -ater a+ be)'re #' %& the +ab3. The t''+* that 5 ++ "*e# *h'"+# be *ter + :e# be)'reha%#4. Pract t '%er *h'"+# 5'r< c+'*e+$ 5 th -e-ber* ') the &r'"

I. Re))ere%ce

Ach-a#, 9 *< a. 1==2. *enuntun +ela,ar %imia -asar. %imia /nsur *etrokimia!

Ba%#"%&@ PT. tra A# t$a Ba


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Saa# , Parha- #a% Mah# a%. 200 . *anduan *raktikum %imia 0norganik! Ba%jar-a* %@

;IP UN AM.T - D'*e% ; - a A%'r&a%

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