bandar udara sebagai pendukung industri penerbangan nasional dalam era globalisasi dan asean open...
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Hotel JS Luwansa Kuningan Jakarta 11 September 2013
Disampaikan dalam Lokakarya RPJM Sektor Transportasi 2015 – 2019 Kerja sama BAPPENAS - IndII
BANDAR UDARA SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG INDUSTRI PENERBANGAN NASIONAL DALAM ERA GLOBALISASI
DAN ASEAN OPEN SKY
Wismono NitidihardjoKepala Bidang Riset INACA
UNDERSTANDING AIRLINE
Karakteristik Industri Transportasi Udara
• Industri global dan terbesar di dunia• Tingkat perubahan sangat cepat• Pertumbuhan industri yang dinamis• Inovatif dalam persaingan• Margin keuntungan yang rendah atau bahkan negatif
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Airline Operating EnvironmentAirline Controlled : Routes Schedules A/C type Marketing programs
Beyond Airline’s Control : Market growth Competition Costs Fares
Traditional AirlineAirlines are self-sufficient, with most functions/services provided internally Engineering
Sales & Distribution
Revenue Accounting
Cargo
Ground HandlingInformatics
In Flight catering
Flighht Operation
AIRLINES
Virtual AirlineAirlines outsource some or most functions/services Engineering
Sales & Distribution
Revenue Accounting
Cargo
Ground HandlingInformatics
In Flight catering
Flighht Operation
CccFlight Operation
Core Airline
Aviation Business ModelAirlines have some business units that support the passenger core, but generate most revenue from external clients
Engineering
Sales & Distribution
Revenue Accounting
Cargo
Ground HandlingInformatics
In Flight catering
Flighht Operation
AIRLINES
CccFlight Operation
Core Airline
Service Flow
Pre – Flight In – Flight Post - Flight
Reservations In-Flight Service Baggage Handling
Ticketing Transfer Service Surface Service
Check-in
Greeting Service
Airline Profitability
Airline business is a high risk business
Low profit margin High capital High technology High competition
About the Airport
Catchment Area Airport Access Airport Capacity No. of Cities served No. of Airlines serving Connectivity Future Development
Airport Access
Access by road Access by rail Parking Area
Airport Capacity
Runway Capacity Terminal Capacity Growth Rate of Movements Growth Rate of Passenger
Number of Cities Served
World-wide / Long Haul International Domestic
Number of Airlines Serving
International Airlines Domestic Airlines
Connectivity
MCT (Minimum Connecting Time) and its comparison with other airport
International – InternationalDomestic - DomesticInternational – DomesticDomestic - International
Future Developments
Runways Terminal Access Facilities Pax and Cargo Forcast
Number of Cities Served
World-wide / Long Haul International Domestic
Potential of Catchment Area
National GDP, Catchment area GDP, GDP per Capita, Inflation rate, Disposable Income, etc.
List of Big/Well known Companies Famous Sights and Tourist/leisures attractions International Communities (Japanese, American,
Korean Community, etc) Events/International events, e.g. Olympic games,
World Cup, International Exhibitions/Fairs
ASEAN Open Skies Policy Principles
• 3rd , 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th freedom of the air are exchanged• Multi designation systems• No frequency and capacity restrictions• Tariffs – Double disapproval• Airline ownership rules : flexibility • Gradual removal of restrictions on pricing and route
rights• As from 2015, restriction on route rights in principle to
be removed• No Market Access Restrictions ( all points)
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Open Sky adalah LIBERALISASI
Hubungan kausalitas antara Liberalisasi Penerbangan (Air Service Liberalization) dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi (Economic Growth)
Liberalization New and better air services
Traffic growth
Economic growth
Job growth
Alasan Liberalisasi (The rationale for liberalizaation:
Akan memberikan benefit net economic secara keseluruhan bagi negara peserta (participating countries), apabila liberalisasi diberlakukan secara effektif dan apabila berdaya guna dan berhasil guna bagi negara peserta
Ancaman :
Tidak semua penerbangan dari negara peserta akan memperoleh manfaat atau keuntungan, bahkan akan ada yang terpuruk (losers), karena kompetisi sebagai akibat dari liberalisasi sangat tajam..
Peluang :
Flexibilitas operasional penerbangan dalam ikllim liberalisasi air transport (open sky) , memberikan peluang airline menyusun jaringan penerbangan (network) memaksimalkan effesiensi. Ini terutama dinikmati oleh ASEAN Networks Carriers (SQ, MH, TG )
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TRANSPORTATION INSTRUMENTS
ASEAN Multilateral Agreement on The Full Liberalization of Air Freight Services
(MAFLAFS)
ASEAN Multilateral Agreement on Air Services (MAAS)
Protocol 1 (Unlimited Third, Fourth and Fifth Freedom of Traffic Rights among Designated Points in ASEAN)
Cities: Batam, Balikpapan, Biak, Makasar, Manado, Palembang, Pontianak
Protocol 2 (Unlimited Third, Fourth and Fifth Freedom of Traffic Rights among All Points with International
Airports in ASEAN)
Protocol 1 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights within the ASEAN Sub-Region)
Cities : Medan, Padang, Banda Aceh, Nias, Balikpapan, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado
Protocol 2 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights within the ASEAN Sub-Region)
Cities : Medan, Padang, Banda Aceh, Nias,Balikpapan, Pontianak, Tarakan, Manado
Protocol 3 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights between the ASEAN Sub-Regions)
Cities : Medan, Padang; Balikpapan, Manado
Protocol 4 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights between the ASEAN Sub-Regions)
Cities: Medan, Padang; Balikpapan, Manado
Protocol 5 (Unlimited Third and Fourth Freedom Traffic Rights between ASEAN Capital Cities)
Jakarta
Protocol 6 (Unlimited Fifth Freedom Traffic Rights between ASEAN Capital Cities)
Jakarta
Source : DGCA
Liberalization ASEAN Air Services
MAFLPAS
ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON THE FULL
LIBERALIZATION OF PASSENGER AIR SERVICES (MAFLPAS)
PROTOCOL 1 UNLIMITED THIRD AND FOURTH
FREEDOM TRAFFIC RIGHTS BETWEEN ANY ASEAN CITIES
Medan, Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, Makassar
PROTOCOL 2 UNLIMITED THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH
FREEDOM TRAFFIC RIGHTS BETWEEN ANY ASEAN
CITIES
ASAM*
Source : DGCA*ASEAN Single Aviation Market
TRANSPORTATION INSTRUMENT
Roadmap Integration for Pax Air Travel Sectors
ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON AIR SERVICES
(MAAS)
Protokol 1Protokol 2Protokol 3Protokol 4Protokol 5Protokol 6
ASEAN MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT ON THE FULL LIBERALIZATION OF PASSENGER AIR
SERVICES(MAFLPAS
Protokol 1Protokol 2
Has been signed by all 10 member countries , but will take effect after ratification process
TANTANGAN
• Meningkatkan daya saing (pemasaran, distribusi, produk, harga, layanan dan SDM) airlines nasional.
• Kemampuan untuk merespon tekanan pasar dan memanfaatkan peluang
• Kemungkinan terjadi cabotage terselubung atau investment cabotage. • Keterbatasan penyediaan kapasitas oleh airllines nasional untuk memanfaatkan peluang dalam kebijakan open sky
• Meningkatkan faktor keselamatan & keamanan untuk mematuhi standar International / ICAO
PELUANGTerbukanya pasar (Rute) Internasional khususnya antar ASEAN capital
Posisi Geografi Indonesia yang terletak pada bagian paling Selatan, membuka peluang dapat untuk memanfaatkan 5th freedom right. Eg JKT-SIN-BKK, JKT-KUL-BKK
Kebebasan dalam penambahan frekuensi penerbangan , misal
beroperasi dengan 10x daily JKT-BKK vv, JKT-KUL vv
Pemerintah tetap mempertahankan azas cabotage
PELUANG• Pelaksanaan Kebijakan ASEAN Open Skies akan memacu airline nasional
meningkatkan daya saing
• Pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, baik secara nasional maupun kewilayahan (provinsi) dapat dimanfaatkan bagi pengembangan strategi
• Peningkatan Network / Hub & Spoke
• Prinsip cabotage melindungi pasar domestic
• Fleksibilitas operasional didalam kebijakan liberalisasi akan memungkinkan airline men-desain networks nya memaksimalkan effisiensi
ANCAMANOperasional barrier yang belum transparan
Contoh :
- Publikasi ketersedian slot pada setiap Airport khususnya Landing slot, Take off slot, Parking slot, Gate untuk boarding dll
- Publikasi perencanaan ketersediaan infrastruktur, penambahan runway, perluasan terminal dll (penambahan kapasitas)
- Kebijakan dukungan Pemerintah terhadap level playing field sehingga airlines nasional dapat menjadi tuan rumah di negara sendiri
- Kebijakan Pemerintah yang lebih memprioriataskan peningkatan ekonomi secara umum, dibanding membangun kekuatan airlines nasional dan infrastruktur pendukungnya.
PERSPEKTIF KESIAPAN DARI SISI AIRLINES
1. OPERASIONAL (FLEET, MAINTENANCE)
2. PEMASARAN
3. PERMODALAN (KEUANGAN)
4. SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
5. TEKNOLOGI
6. PEMENUHAN STANDAR SAFETY, SECURITY DAN SERVICES (3S + 1C)
Kesimpulan & Rekomendasi Kesiapan dari Sisi Airlines
1. Airline Nasional
Pembenahan pelayanan,teknologi , sdm, dan peningkatan brand Peningkatan safety, security, services dan compliance sesuai standar internasional
2. Regulator
Benchmark regulasi Keterbukaan informasi untuk airline Menerapkan level playing field supaya airline nasional dapat menjadi tuan rumah
di negeri sendiri
3. Pemerintah
Keseimbangan kebijakan dalam membangun kekuatan Airline Nasional dan Industri Pendukungnya vs kekuataan Ekonomi secara umum
Airline Nasional akan menikmati keuntungan dalam environment ASEAN Open Skies Policy maupun ASAM, sepanjang mereka memiliki tingkat persaingan yang kuat (sufficiently strong competitive) dan dalam iklim equal level playing field