Phraseadalah kelompok kata yang berhubungan dan tidak mempunyai subject dan predikat, dan digunakan sebagai bagian tunggal dalam kalimat.Participleadalah kata kerja yang berbentuk V+ing atau VIII. Bentuk yang berakhiran-ingataupresent participledijumpai pada predikat kalimat denagn tense continuous sedangkan bentuk yang berakhiranedatau bentuk ke tiga ataupast participledijumpai pada kalimat dengantense perfectdan kalimat pasif.Participle phraseberarti frase yang dicirikan denagn adanya bentuk participle diawalnya.Polanya :PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V+ing) + COMPLEMENTS

Example : Lying on the beach, the man fell asleep.PAST PARTICIPLEC(VIII) + COMPLEMENT

Example : Found in the street, the kitten was nearly dead from hunger and cold.Fungsi :- Sebagai adjective, participial phrases menerangkan subject yang muncul setelahnya (terletak setelah koma) bila muncul di awal kalimat (mendahului kalimat utama) atau menerangkan subjek yang muncul sebelumnya, dengan koma bila muncul di tengah kalimat atau tanpa koma bila muncul di akhir kalimat.Contoh:-Standing alone, the man found no one to talk with.- The man,standing alone, found no one to talk with.- No one talk with the manstanding alone.Sesuai dengan jenis kalimatnya, pasif atau aktif, rumusnya adalah :

ACTIVE FORMPASSIVE FORM

BentukUmumV + ingVIII

Being + VIII

PerfectFormHaving + VIIIHaving been VIII

Having been + Ving

Active (present) ParticiplePada active participlekata kerjaberfungsi sebagaikata sifat.Bentuk umum :V + ing

Active participle dapat digunakan sebagai :1.Noun modifier Before noun (aktifitas)Example : - The reading man as my teacher.- The crying boy is naughty. After nounExample : - The man reading in the room si my teacher2.Clause modifier Menyatakan dua pekerjaan pada waktu yang bersamaanExample : - Walking to school, I met her. Menyatakan sebabExample : - Coming late, he was punished.- Being old he walks slowly. Satu pekerjaan mendahului pekerjaan lainExample : - Having written some letters, he posted them.

Phrase is a group of related words and did not have subject and predicate, and is used as a single part of the sentence.Participle is a verb form V + ing or VIII. Form ending in-ing or present participle found in the predicate phrase denagn whereas continuous tense forms ending in-ed or form into three or past participle phrase found in the perfect tense and passive voice.

Participle phrase means denagn phrases that characterized the participle form at the beginning.The pattern is:PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V+ing) + COMPLEMENTS

Example: Lying on the beach, the man fell asleep.PAST PARTICIPLEC(VIII) + COMPLEMENT

Example: Found in the street, the kitten was nearly dead from hunger and cold.Function:- As an adjective, participial phrases that explain the subject came after (conveniently after the comma) when it appears at the beginning of a sentence (sentence precedes the main) or explain a subject that came before, with a coma when they appear in the middle of a sentence or without coma when they appear at the end of the sentence.Example:- Standing alone, the man found no one to talk with.- The man, standing alone, found no one to talk with.- No one talk with the man standing alone.According to the type of sentence, passive or active, the formula is:

ACTIVE FORMPASSIVE FORM

FromGeneralV + ingVIII

Being + VIII

PerfectFormHaving + VIIIHaving been VIII

Having been + Ving

Active (present) ParticipleOn active participle verb functioning as an adjective.The general form:V + ing

Active participle can be used as:1. Noun modifier Before noun (activity)Example: - The reading man as my teacher.- The crying boy is naughty. After nounExample: - The man reading in my room the teacher2. Clause modifier State two jobs at the same timeExample: - Walking to school, I met her. Declare causeExample: - Coming late, he was punished.- Being old he walks slowly. One job precedes another jobExample: - Having written some letters, he posted them.