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1/11

MAKALAH ELEMEN MESIN I

POROS ENGKOL

Disusun Oleh :HERU IRYANTO (121.03.1060)

FAJAR ALI OUR!AN (121.03.11"0)

DI#A$ ARYA %URNIA&AN (121.03.10'")

FANDI IRDAO$ (121.03.10")

IN$TITUT $AIN$ * TE%NOLO!I A%RIND

JURU$AN TE%NI% #E$IN

FA%ULTA$ TE%NOLO!I INDU$TRI

YO!YA%ARTA

2013


2/11

%ATA EN!ANTAR

Ass+l+,u+l+i-u,. &. &/.

Den+n ,enu+-+n ui s4u-u -eh+5i+ All+h $&T7 ,+-+ -+,i /is+ ,en4eles+i-+n

,+-+l+h 4+n /eu5ul 899s En-9l 5+n 5en+n h+++n se,9+ ,+-+l+h ini /is+ /e,+n;++

5+n ,en+5i-+n e;ensi /+i -i+ sehin+ le/ih ,ene+hui en+n 99s En-9l.

A-hi -++ se,9+ /is+ /e,+n;++ /+i ++ ,+h+sis


3/11

2.2 Funsi 99s

2.3 Jenis=enis 99s

2.' +h+n 4+n 5iun+-+n unu- ,e,/u+ 99s2. >++ e,/enu-+n?e,/u++n 99s

2.6 !+4+ 4+n /e-e+ +5+ 99s

2.@ e/+n +5+ 99s2." H+l=h+l 4+n elu 5ieh+i-+n 5+l+, e,/u++n 99s

2. %eus+-+n +5+ 99s en-9l

A IIIENUTU

%esi,ul+n :

$++n :

DAFTAR U$TA%A

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4/11

A I

ENDAHULUAN

1.1 L++ el+-+n #+s+l+h

99s +5+l+h su+u /+i+n s+si9ne 4+n /eu+7 /i+s+n4+ /een+,+n /ul+ 5i,+n+

e+s+n ele,en=ele,en seei 95+ ii ( gear )7 ulle47 ;l4


5/11

'. D++ ,e,ilih /+h+n 4+n +-+n 5i/u+ 99s.

1.' #+n;++

1. A+ e,/++ /en+=/en+ ,e,+h+,i en+n 99s.

2. A+ e,/++ 5++ ,e,ilih /+h+n 4+n +-+n 5iun+-+n 5+l+, e,/u++n 99s.

A II

E#AHA$AN

2.1 enel+s+n Ten+n 99s

99s +5+l+h su+u /+i+n 5+i s+si9ne 4+n /eu+7 /i+s+n4+ /een+,+n /ul+

5i,+n+ e+s+n ele,en=ele,en seei 95+ ii ( gear ). 99s /i+s+n4+ ,enei,+ /e/+n

lenu+n7 /e/+n +i-+n7 /e/+n e-+n ++u /e/+n uni+n 4+n /e-e+ sen5ii=sen5ii ++u /eu+

+/un+n s+u 5en+n l+inn4+. ( Josep Edward Shigley, 1"3).

99s +5+l+h -9,9nen ,esin 4+n Ci+l. $e/u+h 99s +5+l+h /+i+n 5+i ,esin 4+n

/eu+ 4+n 5iun+-+n unu- ,e,in5+h-+n 5+4+ 5+i s+u e,+ -e e,+ 4+n l+in.

Ten++ 4+n 5iin5+h-+n +5+ 99s 9leh se/u+h +4+ +nensi+l 5+n ,enh+sil-+n

,9,en u+ 4+n 5i+s+n 5+l+, en++ 4+n 5iiin-+n unu- 5iin5+h-+n +5+ /e/e++

,esin 4+n ehu/un +5+ 99s. Unu- ,e,in5+h-+n en++ 5+i 99s -e l+inn4+7 /e/++i

-9,9nen seei uli7 95+ ii7 5+n l+in=l+in 5i+s+n +5+ 99s. %9,9nen 4+n 5i+s+n5i99s7 sel+in en++ u+7 +5+ /e/+n l+in 4+n h+us 5iei,+ 99s 4+iu /e/+n 5u-un.

>9n9h se/u+h 99s 5u-un 4+n /eu+7 4+iu 99s -ee+ +i7 +s +5en7 5ll.

2.2 Funsi 99s

99s 5+l+, se/u+h ,esin /e;unsi unu- ,eneus-+n en++ /es+,+=s+,+ 5en+n

u++n. $ei+ ele,en ,esin 4+n /eu+7 seei +-++n +li7 uli s+/u- ,esin7 iin+n

-+/el7 9,9l -+/el7 95+ +l+n 5+n 95+ ii. Di+s+n /eu+ eh+5+ 99s 5u-un 4+n

e+ ++u 5i+s+n e+ +5+ 99s 5u-un 4+n /eu+. >9n9hn4+ se/u+h 99s 5u-un

4+n /eu+7 4+iu 99s 95+ -e+n 5+n e9/+-.

2.3 Jenis=enis 99s

A5+un /e/e++ enis=enis 99s7 4+iu :

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6/11

1. 99s +ns,isi

99s +ns,isi /e;unsi unu- ,e,in5+h-+n en++ ,e-+ni- s+l+h s+u ele,en ,esin -e

ele,en ,esin 4+n l+in. 99s +ns,isi ,en5++-+n /e/+n uni ,uni ++u uni 5+n lenu

4+n +-+n ,eneus-+n 5+4+ -e 99s ,el+lui -9lin7 95+ ii7 uli s+/u-7 s9-e +n+i 5+n

l+in=l+in. 99s ini ,e,in5+h-+n en++ +n++ su,/e 5+n ,esin 4+n ,en4e+ en++.

2. 99s ,esin

99s ini +5+l+h /+i+n 5+i ,esin iu sen5ii. 99s en-9l +5+l+h 9n9h 5+i 99s ,esin.

3. !+n5+

!+n5+ ,eu+-+n 99s 4+n i5+- ,en5++-+n /e/+n uni7 ;unsin4+ h+n4+ se/++i

en+h+n /e/+n7 /i+s+n4+ i5+- /eu+. >9n9hn4+ seei 4+n 5i+s+n +5+ 95+=95+ -ee+

/++n7 ++u +5+ +s u- /+i+n 5e+n.

'. $in5le

99s +ns,isi 4+n el+iCe en5e-7 seei 99s u+,+ ,esin e-+-+s7 5i,+n+ /e/+n

u+,+n4+ /eu+ uni+n 5ise/u sin5le. $4++ 4+n h+us 5ienuhi 99s ini +5+l+h

5e;9,+sin4+ h+us -eil 5+n /enu- se+ u-u+nn4+ h+us elii.

. 99s en-9l

99s en-9l ,eu+-+n /+i+n 5+i ,esin 4+n 5i+-+i unu- ,eu/+h e+-+n n+i- uun 5+i

9+- ,en+5i e+-+n /eu+. 99s en-9l 4+n -eil s+,+i 4+n se5+n /i+s+n4+ 5i/u+

5+i s+u /+h+n 4+n 5ie,+ -e,u5i+n 5i/u/u7 se5+n-+n 4+n /es+=/es+ 5i/u+ 5+i

/e/e++ /+i+n 4+n 5is+,/un=s+,/un 5en+n ++ eninsu+n.

Di5+l+, +-e- 5i-en+l 2 ,++, 99s en-9l 4+iu :

+. 99s En-9l Tun+l99s ini e5ii 5+i se/u+h 99s en-9l 5+n se/u+h en en-9l. %e5u+=5u+n4+ 5ii-+ ,en+5i

s+u 9leh ii en-9l 4+n e,+s+n+nn4+ ,enun+-+n ++ eninsu+n. ii en-9l

/i+s+n4+ 5i/u+ 5+i+5+ /++ u+n7 se5+n-+n en en-9ln4+ 5+i /++ $ 0 ++u $ 60. J++-

+n++ su,/u en en-9l 5en+n su,/u 99s en-9l +5+l+h seen+h l+n-+h 9+-.


7/11

!+,/+ 99s En-9l Tun+l

/. 99s En-9l !+n5+99s en-9l ini ,e,un4+i 2 /u+h ii en-9l e5ii 5+i s+u /+h+n se5+n e,+s+n+n 99s

en-9ln4+ +5+l+h 5en+n s+,/un+n insu+n. 99s=99s en-9l ini /+h+nn4+ 5i/u+ 5+i /esi

u+n -husus. Dis+,in h++ e,/u++nn4+ le/ih in+n7 /esi u+n iu ,e,un4+i si;+ 5++

,en+h+n e++n=e++n.

!+,/+ 99s En-9l !+n5+

2.' +h+n 4+n 5iun+-+n unu- ,e,/u+ 99s

99s 4+n /i+s+n4+ 5iun+-+n unu- u++n ini 5+n /e/+n 4+n /e+ +5+

u,u,n4+ 5i/u+ 5+i /++ +5u+n (+ll94 seel) 5en+n 9ses ene+s+n -uli (+se h+5enin)

sehin+ +h+n eh+5+ -e+us+n. e/e++ 5i+n++n4+ +5+l+h /++ -h9, ni-el7 /++ -h9,

ni-el ,9le/5enu,7 /++ -h9,7 /++ -h9, ,9li/5en7 5ll. $e-+liun 5e,i-i+n7 /++ +5u+n

-husus i5+- sel+lu 5i+nu-+n i-+ +l+s+nn4+ h+n4+ -+en+ u++n ini 5+n e,/e/+n+n 4+n

/e+ s++. Den+n 5e,i-i+n elu 5iei,/+n-+n 5+l+, e,ilih+n enis 9ses he+ e+,en

4+n e+ sehin+ +-+n 5ie9leh -e-u++n 4+n sesu+i.

2. >++ e,/enu-+n?e,/u++n 99s

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8/11

99s u,u,n4+ 5i/enu- 5en+n ene9l+n +n+s 5+n 5i;inishin unu- ,en5++-+n

u-u+nn4+ 5en+n 9ses 5inin ++u e,/u/u+n 5+n ein5+. 99s 4+n 5i9ll 5inin le/ih

-u+ 5+i+5+ 99s 4+n 5i9ll +n+s +i 5en+n +en+n sis+ le/ih ini.

2.6 !+4+ 4+n /e-e+ +5+ 99s

Di5+l+, 99s e5++ /e/e++ +4+ +n++ l+in : +4+ 5+l+, /e+n4+ (&) 4+n sel+lu

/eus+ +5+ ii- +Ci+sin4+. !+4+ (F) ,eu+-+ +4+ lu+ ++hn4+ 5++ se++ 5en+n

e,u-++n /en5+ ++uun ,e,/enu- su5u 5en+n e,u-++n /en5+. !+4+ (;) 5++

,eni,/ul-+n e+n+n +5+ 99s7 -+en+ e+n+n 5++ i,/ul +5+ /en5+ 4+n ,en+l+,i

+4+=+4+. !+4+ 4+n i,/ul +5+ /en5+ 5++ /e+s+l 5+i +4+ 5+l+, +-i/+ /e+ /en5+

sen5ii ++u +4+ lu+ 4+n ,enen+i /en5+ ese/u. +i- +4+ 5+l+, ,+uun +4+ lu+ +-+n

,eni,/ul-+n /e/++i ,++, e++n +5+ -9nsu-si ese/u.

2.@ e/+n +5+ 99s

D+l+, 99s e5++ /e/e++ /e/+n 5i+n++n4+ :

1. 99s 5en+n /e/+n uni

D+4+ 5+n eu++n7 ,9,en uni 4+n +-+n 5iin5+h-+n 9leh 99s 5ienu-+n 5en+n

,ene+hui +is en+h +5+ 99s. A+/il+ +4+ -elilin (F) +5+ se+n+n lin-++n 5en+n

+i=+i () ,ene,uh ++- ,el+lui su5u ii- en+h (5+l+, +5i+l)7 ,+-+ ++- ini +5+l+h ()7

5+n -e+ 4+n 5il+-u-+n +5+l+h (F).

2. 99s 5en+n /e/+n lenu ,uni

99s 5en+n /e/+n lenu ,uni /i+s+n4+ e+5i +5+ +n5+ 5+i -ee+ +,/+n 5+n len+n

9/9 4+n i5+- 5i/e/+ni 5en+n uni+n7 ,el+in-+n 5i+su,si-+n ,en5++ e,/e/+n+n lenu

s++. #es-iun +5+ -en4+++n4+ +n5+ ini i5+- h+n4+ ,en5++ /e/+n s+is7 e+i u+

,en5++ /e/+n 5in+,is.

3. 99s 5en+n /e/+n uni 5+n lenu

99s 5en+n /e/+n uni 5+n lenu 5++ e+5i +5+ uli ++u 95+ ii +5+ ,esin unu-

,eneus-+n 5+4+ ,el+lui s+/u-7 ++u +n+i. Den+n 5e,i-i+n 99s ese/u ,en5++ /e/+n

uni 5+n lenu +-i/+ +5+n4+ /e/+n. e/+n 4+n /e-e+ +5+ 99s u,u,n4+ +5+l+h /e/+n

/eul+n. Ji-+ 99s ese/u ,e,un4+i 95+ ii unu- ,eneus-+n 5+4+ /es+7 ,+-+ -eu+n

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9/11

/e+ +-+n e+5i +5+ s++ ,ul+i ++u se5+n /eu+. $el+in iu /e/+n uni 5+n lenu u+

e+5i +5+ len+n +/9 ,esin ;+is7 eu+,+ +5+ s++ e,+-+n+n.

2." H+l=h+l 4+n elu 5ieh+i-+n 5+l+, e,/u++n 99s

1. %e-u++n 99s

99s +ns,isi +-+n ,enei,+ /e/+n uni (


10/11

+h+n 99s u,u,n4+ 5i/u+ 5+i /++ /++n 4+n 5i+i- 5inin 5+n 5i;inis7 /++ -+/9n

-9nsu-si ,esin (s=) 4+n 5ih+sil-+n 5+i in9 4+n 5i 8-ill. #es-iun 5e,i-i+n /+h+n ini

-eluus+nn4+ ++- -u+n e+ 5+n 5++ ,en+l+,i 5e;9,+si -+en+ e+n+n 4+n -u+n

sei,/+n7 ,is+ln4+ /il+ 5i/ei +lu +s+-7 -+en+ +5+n4+ e+n+n sis+ 5ie+sn4+. 99s=99s

4+n 5i+-+i unu- ,eneus-+n u++n ini 5+n /e/+n /e+ u,u,n4+ 5i/u+ 5+i /++

+5u+n 5en+n ene+s+n -uli 4+n s+n+ +h+n eh+5+ -e+us+n.

2. %eus+-+n +5+ 99s en-9l

A5+n4+ -eus+-+n +5+ 99s en-9l se/+i /ei-u :

1. 99s en-9l +us

A-i/+n4+ : $u++ ,esin /eisi- 5+i ++h -u +s7 ,esin e+ +n+s.

e/+i-+n : !+ni -u +s.

2. en -u +s +us

A-i/+n4+ : $u++ ,99 /eisi-7 ,esin /is+ ,+e.

e/+i-+n : !+ni en -u +s.

3. L+he -u +s +us

A-i/+n4+ : $u++ ,esin /eisi-7 ,esin ,+e.

e/+i-+n : !+ni l+he -u +s.

'. $e+l -u +s +us?us+-

A-i/+n4+ : 99 -9,esi -+e.

e/+i-+n : !+ni se+l -u +s.

. Lu/+n si ene+9 +us

A-i/+n4+ : !ene+9 /eu+ i5+- n9,+l.

e/+i-+n : Lu/+n si 5il+s * 5i/u/u.

6. D+ uli 99 us+-

A-i/+n4+ : !ene+9 -en597 ,99 hi5u i5+- n9,+l.

e/+i-+n : e/+i-i 5+ 5iu-+n l+s?/u/u.

A III

ENUTU

%esi,ul+n :

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11/11

99s +5+l+h su+u /+i+n s+si9ne 4+n /eu+7 /i+s+n4+ /een+,+n /ul+ 5i,+n+

e+s+n ele,en=ele,en seei 95+ ii (e+). 99s /is+ ,enei,+ /e/+n lenu+n7 /e/+n

+i-+n7 /e/+n e-+n ++u /e/+n uni+n 4+n /e-e+ sen5ii=sen5ii ++u /eu+ +/un+n s+u

5en+n l+inn4+. e;unsi unu- ,eneus-+n en++ /es+,+=s+,+ 5en+n u++n.

$++n :

D+l+, 9ses e,/u++n 99s ,+h+sis

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