aturan dan saran debate

8/7/2019 ATURAN DAN SARAN DEBATE

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Debate Rules and Suggestions

Advice on Debating with Others

1. Avoid the use of Never.

2. Avoid the use of Always.

3. Refrain from saying you are wrong.

4. You can say your idea is mistaken.

5. Don't disagree with obvious truths.

6. Attack the idea not the person.

7. Use many rather than most.

8. Avoid exaggeration (tindakan melebih-lebihkan).

9. Use some rather than many.

10. The use of often allows for exceptions.

11. The use of generally allows for exceptions.

12. Quote sources and numbers.

13. If it is just an opinion, admit it.

14. Do not present opinion as facts.

15. Smile when disagreeing.

16. Stress the positive.

17. You do not need to win every battle to win the war.

Debate Rules and Suggestions

Advice on Debating with Others

1. Avoid the use of

Never.

2. Avoid the use of

Always.

3. Refrain from

saying you are

wrong.

4. You can say your

idea is mistaken.

5. Don't disagree with

obvious truths.

6. Attack the idea not

the person.

7. Use many rather

than most.8. Avoid

exaggeration.

9. Use some rather

than many.

10. The use of often

allows for

exceptions.

11. The use of

generally allows

for exceptions.

12. Quote sources and

numbers.

13. If it is just an opinion,admit it.

14. Do not present opinion as

facts.

15. Smile when disagreeing.

16. Stress the positive.

17. You do not need to win

every battle to win the

war.

18. Concede (admit) minor or

trivial (insignificant)

points.19. Avoid bickering (bantah-

bantahan), quarreling, and

wrangling.

20. Watch your tone of voice.

21. Don't win a debate and

lose a friend.

22. Keep your perspective -

You're just debating.

You need to be very polite when disagreeing with someone in

English, even someone you know quite well.

With someone you know very well, you can disagree more

directly.


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18. Concede (admit) minor or trivial (insignificant) points.

19. Avoid bickering (bantah-bantahan), quarreling, and

wrangling.

20. Watch your tone of voice.

21. Don't win a debate and lose a friend.

22. Keep your perspective - You're just debating.

You need to be very polite when disagreeing with someone inEnglish, even someone you know quite well.

Television Plays a Positive Role in Society -- Debate Number 1

Arguments in Favor:

1. Television is now playing a very important role in our

lives.

2. Television is not only a convenient source of

entertainment, but also a comparative cheap one.

3. Television keeps you informed about current events. It

allows you to follow the latest developments in science

and politics.

It offers an endless series of programs that are both

instructive and entertaining.

4. Many television programs introduce people to things theynever thought of before and have never heard of before.

5. Television series have done a great job in popularizing

many literary masterpieces.

6. Television has been good company to those who do not

work, like housewives, lonely old people, etc.

7. With television people are still free to enjoy other

"civilized pleasures", or even more.

8. There are a considerable variety of programs on

television. The viewer is always free to choose whatever

he wants to see.

9. Television provides enormous possibilities for education,like school programs via closed-circuit television.

10. Television provides special broadcasts for those in a TV

University, or Open University.

It also offers specialized subjects like language teaching,

sewing, cooking, painting, cosmetics, etc.

11. Television does the job of education in the broadest

sense. Instructive programs achieve their goal through

entertaining the viewers.

12. Television provides an outlet for creative talents.

13. People all around the world are no longer distant and

isolated from each other.

It brings most distant countries and the strangest customs

right into your living room.

14. Compared with radio, everything on television is more

lifelike, vivid, and real.

15. Television may be a vital factor in holding a family

together.

Especially where there are economic problems that cause

the husband and wife to be at a breaking point.

16. Television keeps people informed about the government


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and its programs.

17. Television keeps people informed of the news and

weather.

18. Television keeps people informed of disasters like floods,

winds, etc.

19. In the case of serious problems television tells people

what to do.

20. People can be taught about safety through television.

21. People can be informed about special sales at stores.

Television Plays a Positive Role in Society -- Debate Number

1

Arguments Against:

1. Television is a great time waster.

2. People who don't watch television are happier than

those who watch it.

Television goes with the kind of life that leaves the

viewer nothing to spare, nothing left.

3. Television makes the viewer completely passive

because everything is presented to them without any

effort on their part.

4. The very danger of watching television lies in the

fact that the viewer takes no initiative.

They make no choice and exercise no judgment.

5. Television passes on to children the corrupting

values of a corrupt society.

6. Television is to blame for the fact that children take

longer to learn to read today and barely see the point

at all of getting that skill.

7. Television takes up too much of our time.

We no longer have enough time for hobbies,

entertaining activities.

Other outside amusements like theaters, movies,

sports, etc get ignored.8. Unfortunately all of our free time is now regulated

by television.

9. People rush home, gulp their food, which is often as

simple as a sandwich and a beer, and then start

watching the television.

10. The monster, i.e. television, demands absolute

silence and attention.

No one dares open his or her mouth during a

television program

11. People have grown addicted to television, often

neglecting the necessary and more important thingslike meals, sleep, and even work.

12. Many parents use television as a pacifier for their

children. They put their children in front of the TV

set.

They don't care whether it exposes children to

rubbish, and stupid commercials.

They see spectacles of violence or sex as long as the

children are quiet.

13. Many of the television programs are bad.

They do not keep pace with the high demand of


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viewers and do not maintain high quality standards.

14. The wide coverage of television programs has

reduced society to the conditions in illiterate

communities.

We are utterly dependent on the most primitive

media of communication, pictures and spoken

words.

15. What the viewer receives from television is nothingbut secondhand experience.

TV completely cuts the viewer off from the real

world.

16. The more the viewer watches television, the lazier

they become. The TV glues them to the set instead

of allowing them to go out.

17. Television prevents people from communicating

with each other.

It has done much harm to the relationship between

family members.

18. People no longer see the need to read books whenthey can just watch it on television.

19. Families sit and watch television at dinner instead of

talking with each other.

Debate Rules for Use in American English

Definition of Argument:

1. To put forth reasons for or against; debate.

2. To prove or attempt to prove by reasoning.

3. To give evidence of your reasoning.

4. To persuade or influence, as by presenting reasons.

Synonyms of Argument:

Argue, quarrel, wrangle, squabble, haggle, and bicker.

These verbs are compared as they mean to dispute.

Argue This implies intent to persuade an adversary in debate.

Quarrel This stresses animosity and estrangement.

WrangleThis refers to loud, contentious argument and squabble to minor argument over a

petty or trivial matter.

Haggle This specifies verbal bargaining usually over a price, in a petty way.

Bicker This suggests sharp, recurrent exchange of remarks on a mean or petty level.

Note:

You need to be very polite when disagreeing with someone in English, even someone you

know quite well.

With someone you know very well, you can disagree more directly.

Argument Agreement and Disagreement

A. How to Agree Strongly with an Opinion.

1. I couldn't agree more!


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2. That's absolutely true!

3 .Absolutely!

4. I agree with your point.

5. I'd go along with you there.

6. I'm with you on that.

7. That's just what I was thinking.

8. That's exactly what I think.

9. That's a good point.10. That's just how I see it.

11. That's exactly my opinion. B. How to Half Agree with an Opinion.

1. Yes, perhaps, however ...

2. Well, yes, but ...

3. Yes, in a way, however ...

4. Hmm, possibly, but ...

5. Yes, I agree up to a point, however ...

6. Well, you have a point there, but ...

7. There's something there, I suppose, however.

8. I guess you could be right, but ...9. Yes, I suppose so, however ...

10. That's worth thinking about, but ...

C. How to Disagree Politely with an Opinion.

1. I am not so sure.

2. Do you think so?

3. Well, it depends.

4. I'm not so certain.

5. Well, I don't know.

6. Well, I'm not so sure about that.7. Hmm, I'm not sure you're right.

8. I'm inclined to disagree with that.

9. No, I don't think so. D. How to Disagree Strongly with an Opinion.

1. I disagree.

2. I disagree with your idea.

3. I'm afraid I don't agree.

4. I'm afraid your idea is wrong.

5. I can't agree with you.

6. I couldn't accept that for a minute.

7. You can't actually mean that.

8. I wouldn't go along with you there.

9. You can't be serious about that.

10. You must be joking.

11. It's possible you are mistaken about that.

You need to be very polite when disagreeing with someone in English, even someone you

know quite well.

With someone you know very well, you can disagree more directly.

Smoking Should Prohibited -- Debate 4

Arguments in Favor:

1. Smoking should be prohibited. People who smoke smell bad to nonsmokers.

The World Health Organization points out that diseases linked to smoking kill at least

three million people each year, one every six seconds.

2. Scientific research has shown that the risk of developing lung cancer increases with

smoking.


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The number of cigarettes smoked per day and the duration of the smoking habit

increase your chances.

It diminishes with the cessation of smoking.

3. Smoking is not only harmful to the smoker but also results in the deaths of non-

smokers.

Statistics show that passive smoking is causing 3000 to 5000 lung cancer deaths a year

among American non-smokers.

4. Smoking not only leads to lung cancer, but also many other diseases.This includes heart attacks, sore throats, headaches, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary

emphysema, etc.

5. An American scientist estimated that smokers who average a package a day for 20

years would lose about eight years of their lives.

6. Smoking makes the indoor environment far more polluted than the outdoor

environment.

7. Pregnant women who smoke run the risk of having deformed babies.

When the mother smokes so does the baby.

8. Smoking is an expensive habit, for a smoker who consumes a package a day will

spend much money every month.

9. Smoking has a bad impact on the psyche of the smokers.On the one hand, smokers realize the bad effects of smoking and are persuaded from

time to time to stop.

On the other hand, many of them can hardly resist the temptation to smoke. Thus, they

often lose confidence in themselves.

10. Children exposed to parental cigarette smoking are put at a higher risk of developing

lung cancer later in their lives.

11. In the countryside, some smokers share the same pipe, which is even more

unhealthier.

12. Smoking not only pollutes the air but also makes the streets dirty.

Some smokers flick ash off their cigarettes and throw cigarette butts everywhere.

13. Smoking speeds up the process of aging and helps cause wrinkles on people's faces.14. Smokers cause many fires that kill people and destroy property.

15. Each cigarette smoked costs smokers six minutes of their life.

Smoking Should Prohibited -- Debate 4

Arguments Against:

1. Smoking should not be prohibited, for cigarettes give many people a good deal of

pleasure much of the time.

2. Nicotine can produce a tranquilizing effect during high emotions and shock situations,

and therefore, helps to calm people down.

3. Smoking counteracts the decrease in efficiency that typically occurs in boring,

monotonous situations.

4. Smokers can improve their performance in complex situations while smoking.

5. Smokers help increase the revenue of our country.

6. Smoking kills no more people than epidemics or traffic accidents.

7. Most nonsmokers spend much money on snacks, a habit costing as much as smoking

if not more

8. Many young women admire handsome boys with a cigarette on their lip.9. Young women who smoke appear cool and capable.

10. If we eliminated smoking, many people in the tobacco industry will be out of jobs, and

that will create many social problems.

11. Smoking may not always lead to death, Winston Churchill was a chain-smoker but he

enjoyed a long life.

12. Facts have shown that if a chain-smoker suddenly quits smoking, He's more likely to

have lung-cancer than those who keep the habit.

13. Everybody has the right to keep his or her habits. Smokers are no exception.

14. Many smokers live to a very old age.

15. Many non-smokers die an early death.


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16. The government should not restrict the rights of an individual to seek pleasure that

does not hurt anyone.

17. Tobacco has not been proven to be harmful to health.

18. Tobacco and smoking is a harmless pleasure enjoyed by many for many years.

19. Many older people derive great pleasure for a smoke now and then.

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