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Arah Hukum Dan RegulasiBidang TelekomunikasiDalam MendukungMasyarakat InformasiDisajikan Oleh:Mas Wigrantoro Roes SetiyadiKetua Masyarakat Telematika Indonesia (MASTEL)[email protected]
Jogjakarta, 19 September 2005
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Masyarakat Informasi????Pendekatan Ketersediaan Teknologi
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Masyarakat Informasi?????
Ekonomi
Sosial Hukum
Pertanian
Telematika
Kes
ehat
anPe
ndid
ikan
Polit
ik
Aplikasi Telematika UntukBidang Terkait.
Contoh:Sistem Informasi PertanianSistem Informasi PendidikanSisminbakume-Healthe-Governmente-Commercee-EducationDll.
Kajian Bidang tertentu yang berhubungan dengan dampak Telematika
Contoh:- Kajian Ekonomi Telematika (Economic of ICT)- Hukum Telematika
- Dampak Sosial Telematika- Kebijakan Pendidikan Telematika- Politik Telematika
Fasilitasi Telematika kepada Sektor lain
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Masyarakat Informasi?????Konektivitas Universal dari pemanfaatan Internet
Smaller World
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Masyarakat Informasi?????Sumber
Informasi Penerbit Koran PemasangIklan
Pembaca
membeli
Transformasi independensi sumber informasi
SumberInformasi
Penerbit KoranElektronik
PemasangIklan Online
Pembaca Koranelektronik
log-in
Conventional Practices
Info-based Society Practices
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Model Analisis
PerubahanRegulasi
RegulasiBaru
ImplikasiSosekpolbudtek
FaktorPendorong
ImplementasiRegulasi
MasyarakatInformasiDInamis
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Faktor Pendorong
Perkembangan dan konvergensi TI danTelekomunikasi
Munculnya berbagai Layanan Baru Permintaan terhadap Lingkungan Kompetitif Tuntutan efisiensi pengolahan sumber daya Perubahan paradigma politik
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Technological DrivingForces
The generic impact of microelectronics, due to the rapidlychanging price/performance ratio of Very Large ScaleIntegrated (VLSI) circuits, both on the common networkinfrastructure and on customer equipment;
The role of optical techniques in bulk information transmissionover long distances;
The increasing role of radio technologies in reachingindividual users over shorter distances (‘wireless local loop’,cellular systems); and
The intrusion of special computer platforms and networks intothe infrastructure for the plain old telephone service (POTS),in order to create and manage more advanced services(‘intelligent networking’).
Melody, eds (2002)
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Perkembangan AplikasiTeknologi Circuit Switch IP Switch Narrow Band Broadband Cellular Wideband Cellular OSOC MSOC Open protocol Adaptive protocol New standard in wireless technology
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Layanan Baru
Facility-based Penyedia jaringan
Service-based MVNO Content providers IP-based communication services
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Overlap of Services
Cable operators will be able to offer telephone service; Broadband video, High Definition Television and
multimedia services can be offered over a broadband(e.g. optical fibre) switched network, over upgradedcable television networks, and over broadbandwireless networks;
Broadcast distribution can be provided by cableoperators, public broadcast networks and satellitebroadcasters; and
Point-to-multipoint data downloading (data casting)can be provided by broadcasters, satellitebroadcasters and the PTO.
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Persoalan PenyelenggaraanTelekomunikasi*) Perizinan Interkoneksi Kode Akses Konflik Pengaturan Pusat –Daerah Kompetensi Regulator*) yang dirasakan oleh sebagian
besar operator pada saat ini
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Kode Akses
Merupakan konsekuensi pelaksanaan UU36 tahun 1999 yang mendorong berlakunyapasar persaingan
Sebagian besar jajaran TLKM di daerahmenolak kebijakan Kode Akses
ISAT menuntut pemberlakuan Kode Aksesdi seluruh Indonesia
Memerlukan kebijakan Pemerintah (danimplementasinya) yang adil (fair) terhadapTLKM, ISAT, dan Masyarakat
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Konflik Pengaturan Pusat -Daerah Pro – kontra Pembinaan
Telekomunikasi Beberapa Pemda membuat Perda
yang memberatkan operator
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Kompetensi Regulator
Peran BRTI dianggap masih belum optimal dalampembinaan Telekomunikasi
Masih muncul keraguan di kalangan pelakuTelekomunikasi mengenai independensi BRTI
Personalia BRTI dianggap belum mencerminkankompetensi yang dibutuhkan dalam pembinaanTelekomunikasi yang semakin kompleks.
Keberadaan BRTI sebagai lembaga publik yangkeberadaannya didasarkan SK Menhub dianggapkurang memiliki legitimasi dalam pembinaanTelekomunikasi
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Perubahan Regulasi????
Perijinan Interkoneksi Competitive Safe Guard Resource Management Universal Service Obligation Standardization
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The NewTelecommunications: Policyand Regulatory Challenges
Increasing regulationMinimal regulation
Rivalry, non-transparentnetwork access
Co-operative partnerships, transparentnetwork access
Weak stimuli for competitionOpen Systems, common interface standards
Supply-led industry,multinational user pressure
Demand-ledtelecommunication industry
Reduced universality of servicesUniversal services
Fragmented networksPermeable seamless networks
The Dominant Player(s) Scenario(Strategic)
Full Competition Scenario(Idealist)
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Regulasi Yang Baik?
Forward looking Proactive Fair (non-discriminatory) Technology neutral Efficient Effective (Implementable)
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Considerations for FramingNational Telecom Reforms The International Framework Related National Policies Structural Reform of Telecom Sector Defining the Process of Regulation Substantive Regulatory Issues
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Sasaran Regulasi
To ensure everyone has access to reasonable service atreasonable prices.
Universal accessibility to basic telephone service ataffordable prices;
Opportunity for telephone company shareholders to earn areasonable return on their investment;
Equitable treatment of subscribers in terms of service andprice;
Assurance that telephone companies do not unfairly takeadvantage of their monopoly dealings with competitors; and
Encouragement of the development and widespreadavailability of new technology and innovative services torespond to the needs of business and residence customers.
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The International Framework
International TelecommunicationUnion (ITU)
World Trade Organisation (WTO) OECD Common Trends Regional Compatibility (e.g. European
Union, APEC-Tel, Others)
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Rantai Nilai SektorTelekomunikasi
Consumer Electronic
Databases
Network Management
VAS
PTOs
Telecom Equipment
Software
Computer H/W
Internet
Equipment Supply Telecomm Infrastructure Service Development
Competitive Market Monopoly / Duopoly / Ologopoly Competitive Market
regulators will need to monitor the extent and significance ofcompetition in telecom markets, and take positive steps to reduce barriers to entry
wherever possible
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Struktur Desentralisasi –Reformasi Telekomunikasi
Government (Policy Development)
Policy Advisor Unit
Regulator
MarketOperatorBoard of Directors
Pengaruh Langsung
Pengaruh tidak langsung jangka panjang
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Independent Regulator
It does not mean independence fromgovernment policy, or the power to makepolicy
Independence to implement policy withoutundue interference from politicians orindustry lobbyists.
The PTO must be publicly seen to beindependent from government
Stronger regulation can minimise the risksof industry capture and political favouritism.
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Related National Policies
Competition and Anti-monopoly Policy Consumer Protection Policy Information Society Policies
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Structural Reform ofTelecommunication Sector Objectives of Telecommunication
Policy Development Role for an Independent PTO Communication or Competition
Ministry? Role for Independent
Telecommunication Regulation
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Defining the Process ofRegulation Independence and Relation to Ministry for
Policy Development Scope for Pro-active Industry Monitoring
and Inquiry Information Gathering Powers Procedures for Participation in the
Regulatory Process Scope for Public Access to Information Accountability of the Regulator
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Substantive RegulatoryIssues Licensing Competition Radio Spectrum Access to Rights of
Way Numbering and
Portability Standards and
Protocols Interconnection
(Carrier andSubscriber)
Preventing Anti-competitive Behaviour
Price Regulation Quality of Service
Regulation Universal Service Consumer Protection Privacy, Security,
Content Compatibility for Trade Information Society
Development
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Prioritas RegulasiTelekomunikasi
Consumer benefitOverriding policy objective, sought to be achieved via healthy competition
Level playing fieldamongst existing players
Entry of new players/technologies
InterconnectFair terms, time-bound
SpectrumOptimal utilization from anoverall industry perspective
Competition CodeDominant Licensee Obligations
Equitable operatingconditions
Same principles for similarusage
* Recent trend amongst regulators
Other activities include pricing transparency, quality assurance, grievanceredressal, etc.
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Prioritas RegulasiTelekomunikasi
Regulators focus on ensuring effective competition for sustained consumerbenefit, balanced with the need for overall industry development.
Source: Consultant Analysis
ActivitiesCountry
Hong Kong
United States
Singapore
Malaysia
Australia
UK
Philippines
Germany
SpectrumManagement
TechnicalStandards
DominantLicenseeRegulation
Consumerprotection
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Prioritas RegulasiTelekomunikasi
Driven by this objective, their activities fall largely within three maindomains: market, industry and technology.
Coverage and quality
Transparency inPricing
Promoting Innovation
Customer Protectionand redressal
Market
Fair Competition
EnsuringInterconnection underreasonable conditionsto non-incumbents
Dominant licenseeobligations (some)
Industry
Regulator
Spectrum management
Revocation andreallocation of spectrum,if required
Foster and promote newtechnologies
Technology
Source: Consultant Analysis
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Regulasi Perijinan
Perizinan yang diterbitkan oleh Pemerintah di masalalu dipersoalkan kembali oleh Pemerintah sekarang
Prosedur perizinan yang ditayangkan di website resmiDitjen Postel tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan dilapangan
Belum ada transparansi informasi tentang peluangbisnis telekomunikasi yang memerlukan perizinan
Sebagian besar aplikasi perizinan diprosesmenggunakan ketentuan first come first served,muncul license squaters.
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Klasifikasi Perijinan
Layer 4: INFORMATION SERVICESProvision of content
Layer 3: VALUE-ADDED SERVICESProvision of access to information services
Layer 2: NETWORK SERVICESProvision of routing & mobility mgmt.
Layer 1: INFRASTRUCTUREProvision of transmission capacity and
air interfaces to terminal
Facility-based
Service-based
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Regulasi Interkoneksi
Interkoneksi adalah keterhubungan fisik antara jaringan satuoperator dengan jaringan milik operator yang lain sehinggamemungkinkan pelanggan satu operator menghubungi pelangganoperator lain
Interkoneksi didorong oleh sifat dasar dari telekomunikasi yaituend-to-end dan any-to-any connectivity
Semua operator memerlukan interkoneksi dalam penyelenggaraanjasanya, hanya tingkat kebutuhan akan interkoneksi tersebutbervariasi antara satu operator dengan operator yang lain
Dalam lingkungan industri telekomunikasi yang multi-operator,kebijakan interkoneksi akan sangat mempengaruhi tingkatpersaingan antar operator
Kondisi regulasi pada saat ini belum dapat meng-cover berbagaipermasalahan Interkoneksi yang ada
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Isu Utama Interkonkesi
TechnicalStandard setting; technical compatibility; signal quality; Open NetworkProvisioning (ONP)/Open Network Architecture (ONA)
ServiceCo-operative network expansion; compatible practices; uniformservice definitions and conditions; shared responsibilities, costs, andrevenues
CompetitiveTerms of access to and use of essential facilities; negotiated locations;service levels, capacities, quality; negotiated prices and risks;supplemental services for the second carrier.
RegulatedCriteria for determining equal and equivalent access; assessment ofreasonable costs and prices; incorporation of USO and industrial policyobjectives; establishing a process for ongoing problem resolution.
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Reasons for Interconnection
SubNetwork
National networkSubNetwork
SubNetwork
SubNetwork
SubNetwork
Monopoli
Network
Network
Network
Network
NetworkKompetisi
Transformation marketfrom monopoli tocompetition
Interkoneksi
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Struktur Interkoneksi
Network Provider Network Provider
ServiceProvider
ServiceProvider Service
Provider
ServiceProvider
Group A Group B
Interkoneksi
Koneksi
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Perubahan LegalFrameworks Amandemen UU 36/1999 Cyber Laws Cybercrime Law Kebebasan Memperoleh Informasi Publik Penyiaran KUH Pidana & Perdata KUHAP Dll.
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Terima Kasih