analisis pengaruh kepemimpinan …
TRANSCRIPT
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL
DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
PADA GENERASI Y
(STUDI PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) DISTRIBUSI JAWA BARAT
DAN PT. PLN (PERSERO) PUSHARLIS)
TESIS
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh
Gelar Magister Program Studi Manajemen Konsentrasi Manajemen Sumber
Daya Manusia Pada Program Studi Magister Manajemen Bisnis
Oleh:
Nurcahyanti
NIM. 1605304
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
2019
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL
DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
PADA GENERASI Y
(STUDI PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) DISTRIBUSI JAWA BARAT
DAN PT. PLN (PERSERO) PUSHARLIS)
TESIS
Oleh:
Nurcahyanti
1605304
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat untuk memperoleh
gelar Magister Program Studi Manajemen Konsentrasi Manajemen Sumber Daya
Manusia Pada Program Studi Magister Manajemen Bisnis
© Nurcahyanti 2019
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Mei 2019
Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang.
Tesis ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian dengan dicetak ulang,
difoto kopi, atau cara lainnya tanpa izin dari penulis
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis dengan judul “Analisis Pengaruh
Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Employee
Engagement Generasi Y (Studi Pada PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Barat
Dan PT. PLN (Persero) Pusharlis)” ini beserta seluruh isinya adalah benar-benar
karya saya sendiri. Saya tidak melakukan penjiplakan atau pengutipan dengan
cara-cara yang tidak sesuai dengan etika keilmuan. Atas pernyataan ini, saya siap
menanggung risiko/sanksi apabila di kemudian hari ditemukan adanya
pelanggaran etika keilmuan atau ada klaim dari pihak lain terhadap keaslian karya
saya ini.
Bandung, Mei 2019
Nurcahyanti
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL
DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAPEMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
PADA GENERASI Y
(STUDI PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) DISTRIBUSI JAWA BARAT
DAN PT. PLN (PERSERO) PUSHARLIS)
Nurcahyanti
Pembimbing: Prof. Dr. H. Suwatno. M,Si
Dr. Moch.dudih Sugiharto, M.Si
ABSTRAK
Employee engagement menjadi suatu isu yang penting saat ini bagi suatu organisasi. Terlebih saat ini dunia kerja diisi oleh generasi yang
banyak menjadi topik dalam beberapa diskusi menganai pengelolaan sumber
daya manusia. Beberapa survey menyebutkan bahwa Generasi y dikenal memiliki engagement yang rendah terhadap perusahaan. Ada beberapa
faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi terciptanya employee engagement pada
seorang karyawan. Diantara faktor-faktor tersebut adalah kepemimpinan dan
budaya organisasi. Seorang pemimpin yang mampu menggerakan, mempengaruhi serta mengarahkan para karyawannya dengan baik akan
memberikan dampak positif berupa tingkat engagement karyawan yang lebih
baik. Bentuk kepemimpinan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepemimpinan transformasional. Gaya kepemimpinan ini dianggap sebagai
kepemimpinan terbaik dalam menjelaskan karakteristik pemimpin. Faktor
lainnya dalah budaya organisasi. Umumnya karyawan akan merasa lebih
engaged ketika mereka merasa cocok dengan lingkungan dan budaya organisasi yang ada dalam perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui
pengaruh persepsi karyawan mengenai kepemimpinan transformasional dan
budaya organisasi terhadap employee engagement pada perusahaan BUMN PT.PLN Distribusi Jawa Barat dan PT. PLN PUSHARLIS dengan jumlah
sampel sebanyak 109 pegawai dengan rentang kelahiran 1981-2000. Metode
penelitian menggunakan survey dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa persepsi karyawan khususnya pada
karyawan generasi y mengenai kepemimpinan transformasional dan budaya
organisasi yang ada pada perusahaan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap
employee engagement. Jika perusahaan memiliki seorang pemimpin transformasional serta budaya organisasi yang dapat dipahami oleh para
karyawan generasi y maka employee engagement akan tercipta dengan
optimal.
INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
OF GENERATION Y
(STUDY IN PT. PLN (PERSERO) DISTRIBUTION OF WEST JAVA
AND PT. PLN (PERSERO) PUSHARLIS)
Nurcahyanti
Advisor: Prof. Dr. H. Suwatno. M,Si
Dr. Moch.dudih Sugiharto, M.Si
ABSTRACT
Employee engagement is an important issue today for an organization.
Especially nowadays the world of work is filled with generations which
have become a topic in several discussions concerning human resource management. Some surveys state that Generation Y is known to have low
engagement with the company. There are several factors that can
influence the creation of employee engagement. Among these factors are leadership and organizational culture. A leader who is able to move,
influence and direct his employees well will have a positive impact in the
form of a better level of employee engagement. The form of leadership used in this study is transformational leadership. This leadership style is
considered as the best leadership in explaining the characteristics of
leaders. Another factor is organizational culture. Generally employees
will feel more engaged when they feel compatible with the environment and organizational culture within the company. The purpose of the study
was to determine the effect of employee perceptions of transformational
leadership and organizational culture on employee engagement in state-owned companies PT. PLN Distribution West Java and PT. PLN
PUSHARLIS with a total sample of 109 employees with birth ranges
from 1981 to 2000. The research method uses a survey with multiple
linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that employee perceptions, especially of y generation employees regarding
transformational leadership and organizational culture that exist in the
company have an influence on employee engagement. If the company has a transformational leader and an organizational culture that can be
understood by generation y employees, employee engagement will be
created optimally.
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME .......................................... i
ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ................................................................................ v
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Penelitian .................................................................................... 9
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 10
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 11
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 12
2.1 Kajian Pustaka .......................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Employee Engagement ....................................................................... 13
2.1.1.1 Definisi Employee engagement .................................................... 13
2.1.1.2 Dimensi Employee engagement ................................................... 17
2.1.1.3 Tipe Karyawan Berdasarkan Tingkat Engagement ....................... 19
2.1.1.4 Faktor Pembentuk Employee Engagement ................................... 21
2.1.1.5 Manfaat dari Employee Engagement ............................................ 24
2.1.2 Kepemimpinan................................................................................... 25
2.1.2.1 Definisi Kepemimpinan ............................................................... 25
2.1.2.2 Gaya Kepemimpinan ................................................................... 28
2.1.2.3 Fungsi Kepemimpinan ................................................................. 30
2.1.2.4 Kepemimpinan Transformasional ................................................ 31
2.1.2.5 Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional .................................. 33
2.1.2.6 Pengukuran Kepemimpinan Transformasional ............................. 34
2.1.3 Budaya Organisasi ............................................................................. 36
2.1.3.1 Definisi Budaya Organisasi ......................................................... 36
2.1.3.2 Karakteristik Budaya Organisasi .................................................. 38
2.1.3.3 Tingkatan Budaya Organisasi ...................................................... 39
2.1.3.4 Budaya Organisasi PT PLN ........................................................ 40
2.1.2.5 Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional .................................. 40
2.1.4 Generasi Y ......................................................................................... 41
2.1.4.1 Karakteristik Generasi Y ............................................................. 43
2.1.5 Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Employee
Engagement Generasi Y .................................................................... 45
2.1.6 Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Employee
Engagement pada Generasi Y ............................................................ 47
2.2 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 48
2.3 Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................. 53
2.4 Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................................. 54
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 56
3.1 Objek Penelitian ....................................................................................... 56
3.2 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 56
3.3 Operasionalisasi Variabel ........................................................................ 57
3.4 Jenis dan Sumber Data ............................................................................. 61
3.5 Populasi, dan Sampel .............................................................................. 62
3.5.1 Populasi ............................................................................................. 62
3.5.2 Sampel ............................................................................................... 62
3.6 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 64
3.7 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas .................................................................... 65
3.7.1 Uji Validitas....................................................................................... 65
3.7.2 Uji Reliabilitas ................................................................................... 69
3.8 Teknik Analisis Data ................................................................................ 71
3.8.1 Method of Successive Internal (MSI) ................................................. 72
3.8.2 Analisis Data Deskriptif ..................................................................... 73
3.8.3 Analisis Data Verifikatif .................................................................... 75
3.9 Rancangan Pengujian Hipotesis ................................................................ 79
3.9.1 Pengujian Hipotesis 1......................................................................... 79
3.9.2 Pengujian Hipotesis 2......................................................................... 80
3.9.3 Pengujian Hipotesis 3......................................................................... 81
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................................... 82
4.1 Temuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 82
4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian ................................................... 82
4.1.1.1 Profil PT PLN Distribusi Jawa Barat ........................................... 84
4.1.1.2 Profil PT PLN Pusharlis .............................................................. 85
4.1.1.3 Makna Logo ................................................................................ 86
4.1.1.4 Visi, Misi dan Motto PT.PLN (Persero) ....................................... 88
4.1.1.5 Struktur Organisasi PT. PLN ....................................................... 89
4.1.2 Gambaran Umum Karakteristik Responden ........................................ 90
4.1.3 Gambaran Variabel Penelitian ............................................................ 95
4.1.3.1 Gambaran Variabel Kepemimpinan Transformasional (X1) ......... 96
4.1.3.2 Gambaran Variabel Budaya Organisasi (X2) ............................. 105
4.1.3.3 Gambaran Variabel Employee Engagement (Y) .........................113
4.1.4 Hasil Analisis Data ......................................................................... 121
4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian .................................................................. 130
4.2.1 Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional
Terhadap Employee Engagement Generasi Y .................................... 130
4.2.2 Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Employee
Engagement Generasi Y......................... ........................................... 131
4.2.3 Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan
Budaya Organisasi terhadap Employee Engagement
Generasi Y......................... ............................................................... 132
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 135
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 135
5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 136
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 138
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................... 145
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Sumber Buku
Armstrong, M. (2014). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management
Practice, 13th Edition. London: Kogan Page.
_____________ (2009). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management
Practice. 11th Edition. London: Kogan Page.
Albrecht, S. (2010). Handbook of Employee Engagement : Perspectives, Issues,
Research and Practice. UK : Edward Elgar Publishing.
Anwar, Sanusi. (2011), Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek.
Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Federman, Bard. (2009). Employee Engagement: A Road for Creating Profits,
Optimizing Performance, and Increasing Loyalty. San Fransisco: Jossey
Bass.
Finney, Martha I. (2010). Engagement Cara Pintar Membuat Karyawan
Mencurahkan Kemampuan Terbaik untuk Perusahaan (1st ed). Jakarta :
PPM Manajemen.
Ghozali, Imam. (2006). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program SPSS,
Edisi Ketiga. Semarang: BP Universitas Diponegoro.
Hughes, R.L., Ginnett, R.C., and Curphy, G.J. (2012). Leadership: Memperkaya
Pelajaran dari Pengalaman, Edisi Ketujuh. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Hadi, Sutrisno (1990). Analisis Regresi. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset
Imperatori, Barbara. (2017). Engagement and Disengagement at Work: Drivers
and Organizational Practices to Sustain Employee Passion and
Perfomance. Berlin: Springer.
Kartono, Kartini. (2009). Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan; Apakah Kepemimpinan
Abnormal Itu?.Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.
Kreitner, Robert, and Angelo Krinicki. (2010). Organizational Behavior. New
York :McGra-Hill.
Kusnendi. (2008). Model-Model Persamaan Struktural Satu dan Multigroup
Sampai dengan LISREL. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Luthans, F. (2006). Perilaku Organisasi. Yogyakarta : ANDI.
Macey, William H.; Schneider, Benjamin.; Barbera, Karen M. & Young, Scott A.
(2009). Employee engagement: Tools for Analysis, Practice &
Competitive Advantage. UK: Willey-Blackwell.
Nawawi, 2012. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Untuk Bisnis Yang
Kompetitif. Yogyakarta: Gajahmada University Press
Riduwan. (2012). Metode & Teknik Menyusun Proposal Penelitian. Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Rivai, Veithzal. (2009). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi Kedua. Jakarta:
Penerbit PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.
____________ (2013), Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan
Dari Teori Ke Praktek. Bandung: Raja grafindo persada.
Robbins, Stephen P. & Timothy A. Judge. (2016). Perilaku Organisasi Edisi ke-
16. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Robinson, D, Perryman, S,dan Hayday, S. (2004). The drivers of employee
engagement. IES Report 408. Brighton: Institute for Employment Studies.
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership, Third Edition. San
Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
Smith, Gemma Robertson & Markwick, Carl. (2009). Employee Engagement A
Review of Current Thinking. Brighton : Institute for Employment Studies.
Sebastian, Amran & Youthlab. (2016). Generasi langgas: Millenials Indonesia,
Cetakan 1,ISBN 979-780-871-6. Jakarta: Gagas media.
Sengupta, Debashish. (2018). The Life of Y: Engaging Millennials as Employees
and Consumers.UK: Sage.
Sugiyono. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif & RND. Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Suwatno. (2018). Komunikasi Organisasi Kontemporer. Bandung: CV. Simbiosa
Rekatama Media
Suwatno dan Priansa, Doni. (2018). Manajemen SDM dalam Organisasi Publik
dan Bisnis. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Stoner, James. AF Dan R. Edward Freeman dan Daniel R.Gilbert. (1996).
Manajemen. Jakarta: PT Prenhallindo.
Thoha, Miftah. (2013). Kepemimpinan dalam Manajemen. Jakarta: PT. Raja
Grafindo Persada.
Yukl, G. A. (2010). Kepemimpinan dalam Organisasi, Edisi Kelima. Jakarta:
PT.Indeks.
Yuniarsih, Tjutju dan Suwatno. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Teori,
Aplikasi dan Isu Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Jurnal
Abbas, Muhammad (2017). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Leadership
Style towards Employee Engagement and Their Impact towards Employee
Loyalty. Asian Journal of Technology and Management Research
(AJTMR), 7(02), 1-11. ISSN: 2249-0892
Arifin, Freddy., Troena, Eka Afnan., Djumahir, Rahayu, Mintarti. (2014).
Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Work Engagement
and Teacher’s Performance :Test of a Model. International Journal of
Education and Research. 2(1), 1-14. ISSN: 2201-6740.
Basuki, Kustiadi. (2018). Impact of transformational Leadership, Characteristics
Of Job, And Career Developmenton Employee Engagement, Jurnal
Mozaik. Vol X Edisi 1. 10-18. E-ISSN: 2614-8390.
Chandani, Arti., Mall, Akanksha., Mehta, Mita., Khokhar, Vashwee. (2016).
Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee
Engagement. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 9(15), 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i15/92145.
Denison, D. R. (2010). Organizational Culture & Employee Engagement: What’s
the Relationship?. Business Science,Vol.4, Issue:3. Retrieved from
Denison Consulting, LLC.
Mujiasih, Endah, & Ratnaningsih , Ika. Zenita. (2012). Meningkatkan Work
Engagement melalui Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Budaya
Organisasi. Seminar Nasional Dan Call For Papers, 1-20
Fatimah, Hermin., Dharmawan, A.H., Sunarti, Euis., Affandi, M.J (2015).
Pengaruh Faktor Karakteristik Individu dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap
Keterikatan Pegawai Generasi X dan Y. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen
(JAM). 13(3), 402-409.
Hermawan, Hery., Purwaningrum, E.K., Ramadhan, Y.A., Sulistyani, N.W
(2017). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Dan Persepsi Dan Dukungan
Organisasi Terhadap Employee engagement. Jurnal Studi Fakultas
Psikologi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Samarinda.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions Of Personal Engagement And
Disengagement At Work. Academy of management journal Vol. 33, No. 4:
hal. 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Kim, H., Knight, D. K., & Crutsinger, C. (2009). Generation Y employees’retail
work
experience:The mediating effect of job characteristics. Journal of Business
Research, 62, 548–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.06.014
Kopertyńska, Maria Wanda., Kmiotek, Krystyna. (2015). Engagement Of
Employees Of Generation Y – Theoretical Issues And Research
Experience. Argumenta Oeconomica, 2(35), 185-201. .
https://doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2015.2.10.
Lockwood, N. 2007. Leveraging Employee Engagement for Competitive
Advantage HR Strategic Role. SHRRM Research
Luo, Xueming., Kanuri, K.V., Andrews, Michelle (2013). How Does CEO Tenure
Matter? The Mediating Role of Firm-Employee and Firm-Customer
Relationships. Strategic Management Journal, 1-42.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2112
Macey, William, & Schneider, Benjamin (2008). The MASEPeaning of Employee
Engagement Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 1(1), 3-30.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x
Mansor, Z.D., Mun, C.P., Farhana, B.S.N., Tarmizi, W.A.N.W.M (2017).
Influence of Transformation Leadership Style on Employee Engagement
among Generation Y. International Journal of Social, Behavioral,
Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering. 11(1), 155-
159. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339776
Markos, S., & Sridevi, M.S. (2010). Employee Engagement: The key to
Improving Performance. International Journal of Bussiness and
Management. 5(12), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p89
Othman, A.K., Hamzah, M.I., Abas, M.K.M & Zakuan, M. (2017). The Influence
of Leadership Styles on Employee Engangement: The Moderating Effect
of Communication Styles. International Journal of Advanced and Applied
Sciences, 4(3), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2017.03.017
Prabowo, Anita Destannova., & Putranta, M. Parnawa. (2016). Persepsi Generasi
Y Terhadap Pilihan Karier Di Perusahaan Publik. Modus Vol. 28 No. 1,
71-86.
Pipitvej, Nitthan (2014). Leadership and Work Engagement of Generation Y
Employees in Thailand. Proceedings of 10th Asian Business Research
Conference, 1-15. ISBN: 978-1-922069-62-7.
Riyono, Bagus (1999). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kebangkitan Kembali
Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan.. Buletin Psikologi No. 1 Juni 1999, 28-34.
ISSN : 0854-7108.
Rukmana, Asep. (2014). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Budaya
Organisasi Terhadap Employee Engagement Di Bpjs Ketenagakerjaan. e-
Proceeding of Management 1(3), 1-14. ISSN : 2355-9357.
Saks AM (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement.
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Schaufeli W. B. & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work
engagement ; Bringing clarity to the concept. In Bakker A. B. & Leiter M.
P. (eds). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and
Research. New York: Psycholgy Press.
Shuck, Brad & Wollard, Karen (2010). Employee Engagement and HRD: A
Seminal Review of the Foundations. Human Resource Development
Review. 9(1), 89-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484309353560.
Suharti, Lieli., & Suliyanto, Dendy. (2012). The Effects of Organizational Culture
and Leadership Style toward Employee engagement and Their Impacts
toward Employee Loyalty. World Review of Business Research Vol. 2. No.
5, 128–139.
Suwatno. (2009). Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Iklim Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja
Guru di SMU Kota Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, Volume 7, Nomor
3, September - Desember 2009, 7(229), 259–277.
Widjaja, D.C., Cicilia, Mellisa., & Wibawati, Laurensia. (2016). Analisa
Pengaruh Transformational Leadership Terhadap Employee Engagement
Dengan Kepuasan Karyawan Sebagai Variabel Intervening Di Artotel
Hotel Surabaya. Jurnal Studi Manajemen Perhotelan Fakultas Ekonomi
Universitas Kristen Petra 4(1),190-208.
Yulianti, Sinta., Ahman, Eeng., Suwatno. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan
Transformasional dan Komunikasi Internal Terhadap Employee
Engagement. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 9(1), 8-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jimb.v9i1.12976
Young, Sarah., Ross, Craig., Sturts, J.R., Kim, K.T. (2013). Generational
Differences and Job Satisfaction in Leisure Services. Managing Leisure, 1-
19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2013.752213
Yuniarsih, Tjutju., Sugiharto, M.D. (2016). Human Resource Management Model
To Create Superior Performance. International Journal Of Education
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia 9(1), 74-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ije.v9i1.3721
Thesis dan Disertasi
Artanti, Suci Yuli. (2018). Dimensi-Dimensi Budaya Organisasional an Dan
Pengaruhnya Terhadap Work Engagement Studi Pada Rumah Sakit Omni
Pulomas. Thesis. Tidak diterbitkan. Fakultas Ekonomi Prodi Studi
Magister Manajemen Universitas Gajah Mada : Yogyakarta.
Murnianita, Febriana Budhi. (2012). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap
Employee Engagement Pada PLN (Persero) PUSDIKLAT. Thesis. Tidak
diterbitkan. Fakultas Ekonomi Prodi Studi Magister Manajemen
Universitas Indonesia : Jakarta
Gigaba, Mthembeni. (2015). The impact of leadership style on employee
engagement in the platinum mining sector in South Africa. A research
project Gordon Institute of Business Science University of Pretoria : South
Africa.
Suwatno (2007). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Komunikasi Organisasi
Terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi Serta Implikasinya Terhadap Kinerja.
Disertasi Doktor. Tidak diterbitkan. Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi UNPAD:
Bandung.
Yuliyansyah, Aziz. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan
Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Employee Engagement Studi Pada Karyawan
Hotel Royal Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta. Thesis. Tidak diterbitkan. Fakultas
Ekonomi Prodi Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Gajah Mada :
Yogyakarta.
Sumber Internet
Alvara Research Center. (2016). Indonesia 2020: The Urban Middle-Class
Millenials. Diakses Juli 2018, diambil dari
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314448735/download
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) diakses dari http://www.bps.go.id/ Juli 2018.
Dale Carnegie Indonesia. (2016). Hanya 25 persen Millennials yang Setia Kepada
Perusahaan. Diakses Juli 2018, dari https://www.dalecarnegie.id
Gallup Consulting. (2004). Study Engaged Employees Inspire Company
Innovation. Diakses Juli 2018, dari www.gallup.com
Schawbel, Dan. (2014). Pay scale and millennial branding release third annual
study on the state of gen Y, gen X, and Baby boomer workers. Branding
navigating you to future succes, posted on november 19, 2014.
http://millennialbranding.com/tag/employment/page/1/Millennial. Diakses
20 Juli 2018.
Adman, S.Pd, M.Pd (2005). Meningkatkan Efektivitas Dan Profesionalitas
Kepemimpinan. diakses Juli 2018 dari http://file.upi.edu.
Sumber Lainnya
ADP Research Institute. (2012). Employee Satisfaction and Employee
Engagement: Are They the Same Thing. Retrieved from
http://www.adp.com/~/media/RI/whitepapers/Employee%20Engagement
%20vs %20Employee%20Satisfaction%20White%20Paper.ashx
Annual Report PT PLN (Persero) tahun 2017
.
Hewitt, A. 2018. 2018 Trends in Global Employee Engagement Report. suw
Society for Human Resource Management. 2016. 2016 Employee Job Satisfaction
and Engagement. https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-
forecasting/research-and-surveys/Documents/2016-Employee-Job
Satisfaction-and-Engagement-Report.pdf